Unexpected response in community following increased fish predation
... The impact of increased fish density on the crustacean zooplankton was studied in a small, forest lake. Interestingly and contrary to our hypothesis, increased fish density resulted in an increase in biomass of large-sized cladocerans, but a decrease in biomass of smaller and dominant cladoceran spe ...
... The impact of increased fish density on the crustacean zooplankton was studied in a small, forest lake. Interestingly and contrary to our hypothesis, increased fish density resulted in an increase in biomass of large-sized cladocerans, but a decrease in biomass of smaller and dominant cladoceran spe ...
Local adaptation to climate change in a calcareous grassland system
... Fridley et al. 2007, Whitlock et al. 2010, 2011), may alternate selection pressures such that effective selective neutrality is maintained over longer timescales at the population level (Jump et al. 2006, Jump et al. 2009b). Climate linked genetic variation can provide a means for populations to res ...
... Fridley et al. 2007, Whitlock et al. 2010, 2011), may alternate selection pressures such that effective selective neutrality is maintained over longer timescales at the population level (Jump et al. 2006, Jump et al. 2009b). Climate linked genetic variation can provide a means for populations to res ...
Guha Dharmarajan PhD: Population genetics (Department of
... Dharmarajan G, Dieter K and Lehmann T (In Prep.) Are mosquitoes in disease “hot-spots” more efficient vectors? Insights on spatial variation in disease resistance and tolerance in a natural vector-parasite system. Beasley JC, Olson ZH, Dharmarajan G, Eagan TS and Rhodes OE Jr. (In Prep.) Source-sink ...
... Dharmarajan G, Dieter K and Lehmann T (In Prep.) Are mosquitoes in disease “hot-spots” more efficient vectors? Insights on spatial variation in disease resistance and tolerance in a natural vector-parasite system. Beasley JC, Olson ZH, Dharmarajan G, Eagan TS and Rhodes OE Jr. (In Prep.) Source-sink ...
- Wiley Online Library
... Doutrelant et al. 2000). This view is supported by widespread species specificity in birdsong design, leading to the assertion that “all species have songs recognizably different from those of other species” (Baptista and Kroodsma 2001). Rare exceptions to the rule have been proposed as evidence of ...
... Doutrelant et al. 2000). This view is supported by widespread species specificity in birdsong design, leading to the assertion that “all species have songs recognizably different from those of other species” (Baptista and Kroodsma 2001). Rare exceptions to the rule have been proposed as evidence of ...
Decomposer diversity and identity influence plant
... 2011), species-rich plant communities were hypothesized to support mutualists exerting mostly positive feedbacks on plant community productivity (Eisenhauer 2012). This idea originated due to the increasing awareness of significant long-term effects of plant diversity on decomposer density and divers ...
... 2011), species-rich plant communities were hypothesized to support mutualists exerting mostly positive feedbacks on plant community productivity (Eisenhauer 2012). This idea originated due to the increasing awareness of significant long-term effects of plant diversity on decomposer density and divers ...
Evolution of plantpollinator mutualisms in response to climate change
... plant populations under strong selection. If both plant and pollinator phenologies evolve, the set of potential outcomes may be more complicated. Empirical studies of coevolution in plant–pollinator mutualisms require intensive long-term sampling and may be slow, costly, and logistically difficult t ...
... plant populations under strong selection. If both plant and pollinator phenologies evolve, the set of potential outcomes may be more complicated. Empirical studies of coevolution in plant–pollinator mutualisms require intensive long-term sampling and may be slow, costly, and logistically difficult t ...
Evolution of plantpollinator mutualisms in response
... plant populations under strong selection. If both plant and pollinator phenologies evolve, the set of potential outcomes may be more complicated. Empirical studies of coevolution in plant–pollinator mutualisms require intensive long-term sampling and may be slow, costly, and logistically difficult t ...
... plant populations under strong selection. If both plant and pollinator phenologies evolve, the set of potential outcomes may be more complicated. Empirical studies of coevolution in plant–pollinator mutualisms require intensive long-term sampling and may be slow, costly, and logistically difficult t ...
C. W. Cunningham 2001
... In keeping with the theme of this book, we expand this population-level perspective to the community, and explore four facets of the following basic question: What can information about the spatial distribution of genetic variation within a species, and the processes that generate these patterns, te ...
... In keeping with the theme of this book, we expand this population-level perspective to the community, and explore four facets of the following basic question: What can information about the spatial distribution of genetic variation within a species, and the processes that generate these patterns, te ...
Yeast interactions and wine flavour
... 1993; Fugelsang, 1997). Many factors affect the microbial ecology of wine production, of which the chemical composition of the grape juice and the fermentation processes are most significant. In complex microbial ecosystems, containing mixtures of different species and strains, there is the possibil ...
... 1993; Fugelsang, 1997). Many factors affect the microbial ecology of wine production, of which the chemical composition of the grape juice and the fermentation processes are most significant. In complex microbial ecosystems, containing mixtures of different species and strains, there is the possibil ...
Numerical and functional response of feral cats
... Stewart Island, separated by Mt Rakeahua (Fig. 1). Cat control was carried out on the mountains adjacent to these valleys. The initial research was carried out for two seasons (spring and summer 1999) in the Freshwater Valley and on Table Hill, and subsequent research (autumn 2000 to winter 2001) in ...
... Stewart Island, separated by Mt Rakeahua (Fig. 1). Cat control was carried out on the mountains adjacent to these valleys. The initial research was carried out for two seasons (spring and summer 1999) in the Freshwater Valley and on Table Hill, and subsequent research (autumn 2000 to winter 2001) in ...
Evolution of Delayed Reproduction in Uncertain
... To examine the effects of environmental uncertainty on evolutionary dynamics, we first modeled temporal variation in each vital rate separately. Because fertility is always ≥0, we simulated random temporal sequences of F(t) using a gamma distribution. Survival probabilities, on the other hand, are b ...
... To examine the effects of environmental uncertainty on evolutionary dynamics, we first modeled temporal variation in each vital rate separately. Because fertility is always ≥0, we simulated random temporal sequences of F(t) using a gamma distribution. Survival probabilities, on the other hand, are b ...
Lectures on Mean Field Games
... A typical agent plays against a field of players whose states he/she feels through the statistical distribution distribution µt of their states at time t ...
... A typical agent plays against a field of players whose states he/she feels through the statistical distribution distribution µt of their states at time t ...
Prey abundance and habitat use by migratory shorebirds
... of specific stopover areas. For our study, we conducted prey availability surveys and documented shorebird habitat use during northward summer migration for three historically important stopover areas along the Connecticut Long Island Sound coastline in 2000. Coastal Connecticut provides important h ...
... of specific stopover areas. For our study, we conducted prey availability surveys and documented shorebird habitat use during northward summer migration for three historically important stopover areas along the Connecticut Long Island Sound coastline in 2000. Coastal Connecticut provides important h ...
Dividing up the pie: Whales, fish, and humans as competitors
... rates among all functional groups following perturbations to any portion of the food web. A scenario was created by changing the relative consumption rate of baleen whales, odontocetes, or pinnipeds upon a specific producer (or producer set) at the expense of other consumer groups. This was done by c ...
... rates among all functional groups following perturbations to any portion of the food web. A scenario was created by changing the relative consumption rate of baleen whales, odontocetes, or pinnipeds upon a specific producer (or producer set) at the expense of other consumer groups. This was done by c ...
Chapter 36 – Communities and Ecosystems
... d. Population distribution (Fig. 36.2) i. Clumped – organisms work together, resources are not evenly distributed ii. Uniform – territorial, scarce resources iii. Random – no social groups, good resources e. Survivorship curves (Fig. 36.3) i. Early loss ii. Constant loss iii. Late loss C. Human popu ...
... d. Population distribution (Fig. 36.2) i. Clumped – organisms work together, resources are not evenly distributed ii. Uniform – territorial, scarce resources iii. Random – no social groups, good resources e. Survivorship curves (Fig. 36.3) i. Early loss ii. Constant loss iii. Late loss C. Human popu ...
UNIT 2 Practice TEST
... b. their skins are used to make shoes, belts, and pocketbooks. c. their meat is considered exotic. d. All of these answers. e. None of these answers. Where is most of the world's biodiversity? a. high-latitude forests b. middle-latitude grasslands c. low-latitude forests d. polar grasslands e. tundr ...
... b. their skins are used to make shoes, belts, and pocketbooks. c. their meat is considered exotic. d. All of these answers. e. None of these answers. Where is most of the world's biodiversity? a. high-latitude forests b. middle-latitude grasslands c. low-latitude forests d. polar grasslands e. tundr ...
Community dynamics of ephemeral systems: food web
... wetlands have been impacted by various human activities. Unfortunately, playas currently do not receive protection under federal law because of their ephemeral nature (Haukos and Smith 2003). Playa wetlands are threatened by various influences including urban expansion, road building (Haukos and Smi ...
... wetlands have been impacted by various human activities. Unfortunately, playas currently do not receive protection under federal law because of their ephemeral nature (Haukos and Smith 2003). Playa wetlands are threatened by various influences including urban expansion, road building (Haukos and Smi ...
PALAEO-ECOLOGY OF THE STERKFONTEIN HOMINIDS: A
... the depositional sequence. A mosaic oflocal environments is quite common in southern Africa today, and a predator need not travel far to find a variety of prey in open grassland. Furthermore, Wells (1967) noted that the alcelaphini would have been adapted to a great variety of ecological conditions. ...
... the depositional sequence. A mosaic oflocal environments is quite common in southern Africa today, and a predator need not travel far to find a variety of prey in open grassland. Furthermore, Wells (1967) noted that the alcelaphini would have been adapted to a great variety of ecological conditions. ...
How variation between individuals affects species coexistence
... competitors to overcome their competitive disadvantage, we compete an on-average inferior competitor (higher mean r) with an on-average superior competitor (lower mean r), keeping all other demographic rates equal between species. Initially we assume that inferior and superior species have the same ...
... competitors to overcome their competitive disadvantage, we compete an on-average inferior competitor (higher mean r) with an on-average superior competitor (lower mean r), keeping all other demographic rates equal between species. Initially we assume that inferior and superior species have the same ...
get Assignment File
... c. Small changes in Hox genes can lead to large changes in adult body plans. d. All of the other answer choices ____ 16. How is genetic drift similar to natural selection? a. Both cause changes in individual genes. b. Both occur only in small populations. c. Both cause changes in the gene pools of p ...
... c. Small changes in Hox genes can lead to large changes in adult body plans. d. All of the other answer choices ____ 16. How is genetic drift similar to natural selection? a. Both cause changes in individual genes. b. Both occur only in small populations. c. Both cause changes in the gene pools of p ...
The Return of the Wolf
... Apex predators may have both direct and indirect effects on other species through predation and competition. I investigated the effects of wolves (Canis lupus) on prey species, competitors (including humans) and the scavenging guild after the recolonization by wolves of the Scandinavian Peninsula. F ...
... Apex predators may have both direct and indirect effects on other species through predation and competition. I investigated the effects of wolves (Canis lupus) on prey species, competitors (including humans) and the scavenging guild after the recolonization by wolves of the Scandinavian Peninsula. F ...
Theoretical ecology
Theoretical ecology is the scientific discipline devoted to the study of ecological systems using theoretical methods such as simple conceptual models, mathematical models, computational simulations, and advanced data analysis. Effective models improve understanding of the natural world by revealing how the dynamics of species populations are often based on fundamental biological conditions and processes. Further, the field aims to unify a diverse range of empirical observations by assuming that common, mechanistic processes generate observable phenomena across species and ecological environments. Based on biologically realistic assumptions, theoretical ecologists are able to uncover novel, non-intuitive insights about natural processes. Theoretical results are often verified by empirical and observational studies, revealing the power of theoretical methods in both predicting and understanding the noisy, diverse biological world.The field is broad and includes foundations in applied mathematics, computer science, biology, statistical physics, genetics, chemistry, evolution, and conservation biology. Theoretical ecology aims to explain a diverse range of phenomena in the life sciences, such as population growth and dynamics, fisheries, competition, evolutionary theory, epidemiology, animal behavior and group dynamics, food webs, ecosystems, spatial ecology, and the effects of climate change.Theoretical ecology has further benefited from the advent of fast computing power, allowing the analysis and visualization of large-scale computational simulations of ecological phenomena. Importantly, these modern tools provide quantitative predictions about the effects of human induced environmental change on a diverse variety of ecological phenomena, such as: species invasions, climate change, the effect of fishing and hunting on food network stability, and the global carbon cycle.