Making Predictions in a Changing World: The Benefits of Individual
... the effect of future novel environmental change. They are usually focused on empirically determined demographic rates, such as birth and death rates—for example, using mark–recapture studies. A key limitation of this empirical approach is that the resulting demographic rates are valid only for the e ...
... the effect of future novel environmental change. They are usually focused on empirically determined demographic rates, such as birth and death rates—for example, using mark–recapture studies. A key limitation of this empirical approach is that the resulting demographic rates are valid only for the e ...
Ecosystems
... • Food chains: describe where energy and nutrients go as they move from one organism to another. • Energy moves “up” the food chain. • Not all energy and nutrients are passed to other levels. Much is lost at each step. • Food web: an interconnection of food chains to form complex webs of feeding rel ...
... • Food chains: describe where energy and nutrients go as they move from one organism to another. • Energy moves “up” the food chain. • Not all energy and nutrients are passed to other levels. Much is lost at each step. • Food web: an interconnection of food chains to form complex webs of feeding rel ...
Making Predictions in a Changing World: The Benefits of Individual
... the effect of future novel environmental change. They are usually focused on empirically determined demographic rates, such as birth and death rates—for example, using mark–recapture studies. A key limitation of this empirical approach is that the resulting demographic rates are valid only for the e ...
... the effect of future novel environmental change. They are usually focused on empirically determined demographic rates, such as birth and death rates—for example, using mark–recapture studies. A key limitation of this empirical approach is that the resulting demographic rates are valid only for the e ...
Eco-evolutionary dynamics of communities and Ecosystems
... To achieve a realistic integration of ecological and evolutionary dynamics for most natural communities, we need to know how the results from two-species communities are changed by the presence of additional species. Two important effects of additional species are: (1) the effect of the population d ...
... To achieve a realistic integration of ecological and evolutionary dynamics for most natural communities, we need to know how the results from two-species communities are changed by the presence of additional species. Two important effects of additional species are: (1) the effect of the population d ...
Eco-evolutionary dynamics of communities and ecosystems
... To achieve a realistic integration of ecological and evolutionary dynamics for most natural communities, we need to know how the results from two-species communities are changed by the presence of additional species. Two important effects of additional species are: (1) the effect of the population d ...
... To achieve a realistic integration of ecological and evolutionary dynamics for most natural communities, we need to know how the results from two-species communities are changed by the presence of additional species. Two important effects of additional species are: (1) the effect of the population d ...
Unit 8 Study Guide
... What is endosymbiotic theory? Theory that support the claim early life was prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells were formed by combining different prokaryotic cells ...
... What is endosymbiotic theory? Theory that support the claim early life was prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells were formed by combining different prokaryotic cells ...
Predation - Ning.com
... The niche is a role, function, or position of an organism in a biological community. Job – how it gets its supply of energy and materials Fundamental niche is the potential range of all environmental conditions under which an organism can thrive. Realized niche is the part of the fundamental niche t ...
... The niche is a role, function, or position of an organism in a biological community. Job – how it gets its supply of energy and materials Fundamental niche is the potential range of all environmental conditions under which an organism can thrive. Realized niche is the part of the fundamental niche t ...
Towards a cohesive, holistic view of top predation: a definition
... and that are relatively free from predation themselves once they reach their adult size. This definition mainly includes vertebrate predators such as large diurnal raptors and owls, seabirds, herons, mammalian carnivores, cetaceans and pinnipeds, sharks and other large predatory fishes, as well as m ...
... and that are relatively free from predation themselves once they reach their adult size. This definition mainly includes vertebrate predators such as large diurnal raptors and owls, seabirds, herons, mammalian carnivores, cetaceans and pinnipeds, sharks and other large predatory fishes, as well as m ...
Living Environment — Natural Selection
... Around the time that Mendel made his investigations with pea plants, Charles Darwin was formulating his theory of evolution based on natural selection. Darwin noted that there is a struggle for existence among individuals of the same species and among different species living in the same area. Compe ...
... Around the time that Mendel made his investigations with pea plants, Charles Darwin was formulating his theory of evolution based on natural selection. Darwin noted that there is a struggle for existence among individuals of the same species and among different species living in the same area. Compe ...
Limiting Factors, Competitive Exclusion, and a
... communities has moved far beyond the simplistic formulations based largely (or solely) on resource competition. However, the competitive exclusion principle and Hutchinson’s niche concept still have a powerful hold on how we view nature and interpret species interactions. For me, the perspective tha ...
... communities has moved far beyond the simplistic formulations based largely (or solely) on resource competition. However, the competitive exclusion principle and Hutchinson’s niche concept still have a powerful hold on how we view nature and interpret species interactions. For me, the perspective tha ...
Natural Selection: For the Birds
... Around the time that Mendel made his investigations with pea plants, Charles Darwin was formulating his theory of evolution based on natural selection. Darwin noted that there is a struggle for existence among individuals of the same species and among different species living in the same area. Compe ...
... Around the time that Mendel made his investigations with pea plants, Charles Darwin was formulating his theory of evolution based on natural selection. Darwin noted that there is a struggle for existence among individuals of the same species and among different species living in the same area. Compe ...
Impacts of Catastrophes
... Moritz, C. 1994. Defining “evolutionary significant units” for conservation. Trends in Ecology and Evolution. 9:373-375. Ryder, OA. 1986. Species conservation and systmatics: the dilemma of subspecies. Trends in Ecology and Evolution. 1:9-10. Waples, RA. 1991. Pacific salmon, Oncorhynchus spp., and ...
... Moritz, C. 1994. Defining “evolutionary significant units” for conservation. Trends in Ecology and Evolution. 9:373-375. Ryder, OA. 1986. Species conservation and systmatics: the dilemma of subspecies. Trends in Ecology and Evolution. 1:9-10. Waples, RA. 1991. Pacific salmon, Oncorhynchus spp., and ...
Works Cited
... index (indicating land usage) and stress or habitat adversity as measured by elevation and vegetation structure. Ribera considered the main ordination axis equivalent to the diagonal axis in Southwood’s habitat template model. Endeavors to arrange and predict life history trait evolution began with ...
... index (indicating land usage) and stress or habitat adversity as measured by elevation and vegetation structure. Ribera considered the main ordination axis equivalent to the diagonal axis in Southwood’s habitat template model. Endeavors to arrange and predict life history trait evolution began with ...
Exam #1 Practice Questions
... discrete exponential model confront , and how does it change the model? Give an example of a species that would be best modeled with the discrete exponential. Answer: 1) Closed population (no migration) 2) Constant birth and death rates (unlimited resources) 3) No age, size or stage structure ...
... discrete exponential model confront , and how does it change the model? Give an example of a species that would be best modeled with the discrete exponential. Answer: 1) Closed population (no migration) 2) Constant birth and death rates (unlimited resources) 3) No age, size or stage structure ...
Ecosystems - funtastic physics
... Is this organism the only one of its kind there? Are there others? _______________________________________________ If there are others of its kind, this is called a species. The number of this species is called the population. Populations interact to form habitats. Are there other organisms that liv ...
... Is this organism the only one of its kind there? Are there others? _______________________________________________ If there are others of its kind, this is called a species. The number of this species is called the population. Populations interact to form habitats. Are there other organisms that liv ...
1. Primary Production
... – the use of biomass to release energy that can be used to do work – In other words, the use of energy from organic matter by most heterotrophic and autotrophic organisms is accomplished through respiration. – An organic compound such as sugar is combined with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and wa ...
... – the use of biomass to release energy that can be used to do work – In other words, the use of energy from organic matter by most heterotrophic and autotrophic organisms is accomplished through respiration. – An organic compound such as sugar is combined with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and wa ...
Predator-prey dynamics
... the environment with resources that increase the prey carrying capacity generate predator-prey cycles with more extreme amplitudes (Fig. 10). This means that in the population troughs, both predator and prey are more vulnerable to extinction. Rather than such additional resources helping the prey (a ...
... the environment with resources that increase the prey carrying capacity generate predator-prey cycles with more extreme amplitudes (Fig. 10). This means that in the population troughs, both predator and prey are more vulnerable to extinction. Rather than such additional resources helping the prey (a ...
quantitative methods for ecologists
... The objective is to solve the following problem – given a sample of n objects, each of which has a score on p variables, devise a scheme for grouping the objects into classes so that “similar” ones are in the same class. The number of classes is unknown. Results often are presented as branching “tre ...
... The objective is to solve the following problem – given a sample of n objects, each of which has a score on p variables, devise a scheme for grouping the objects into classes so that “similar” ones are in the same class. The number of classes is unknown. Results often are presented as branching “tre ...
Envirothon Current Issue Study Guide Notes
... when changes are near-permanent when detailed explanation of transitions that cause change is required vegetation types called states and processes that cause states to change from one to another called transitions steady states= states that are resistant to change (long-lived or otherwise dominan ...
... when changes are near-permanent when detailed explanation of transitions that cause change is required vegetation types called states and processes that cause states to change from one to another called transitions steady states= states that are resistant to change (long-lived or otherwise dominan ...
Works Cited
... identity, competition, and herbivory effects. What they found was that herbivory effects and competition effects were so similar to each other that they could be confounded in experiments. Since Grime’s CRS model defined herbivory as a form of disturbance, the fact that competition and disturbance e ...
... identity, competition, and herbivory effects. What they found was that herbivory effects and competition effects were so similar to each other that they could be confounded in experiments. Since Grime’s CRS model defined herbivory as a form of disturbance, the fact that competition and disturbance e ...
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... The West Indian Whistling Duck (Dendrocygn arborea) has been reduced to a few relict populations throughout its range. Restoration of natural vegetation along coastlines and inland swamps will provide roosting habitat for this charismatic creature listed on CITES Appendix II. ...
... The West Indian Whistling Duck (Dendrocygn arborea) has been reduced to a few relict populations throughout its range. Restoration of natural vegetation along coastlines and inland swamps will provide roosting habitat for this charismatic creature listed on CITES Appendix II. ...
Theoretical ecology
Theoretical ecology is the scientific discipline devoted to the study of ecological systems using theoretical methods such as simple conceptual models, mathematical models, computational simulations, and advanced data analysis. Effective models improve understanding of the natural world by revealing how the dynamics of species populations are often based on fundamental biological conditions and processes. Further, the field aims to unify a diverse range of empirical observations by assuming that common, mechanistic processes generate observable phenomena across species and ecological environments. Based on biologically realistic assumptions, theoretical ecologists are able to uncover novel, non-intuitive insights about natural processes. Theoretical results are often verified by empirical and observational studies, revealing the power of theoretical methods in both predicting and understanding the noisy, diverse biological world.The field is broad and includes foundations in applied mathematics, computer science, biology, statistical physics, genetics, chemistry, evolution, and conservation biology. Theoretical ecology aims to explain a diverse range of phenomena in the life sciences, such as population growth and dynamics, fisheries, competition, evolutionary theory, epidemiology, animal behavior and group dynamics, food webs, ecosystems, spatial ecology, and the effects of climate change.Theoretical ecology has further benefited from the advent of fast computing power, allowing the analysis and visualization of large-scale computational simulations of ecological phenomena. Importantly, these modern tools provide quantitative predictions about the effects of human induced environmental change on a diverse variety of ecological phenomena, such as: species invasions, climate change, the effect of fishing and hunting on food network stability, and the global carbon cycle.