An Introduction to Ecology
... Even with the variety of change in climates, global climates (as a whole) are fairly predictable based on environmental data and historical analysis (otherwise, weathermen wouldn’t have a job) Yet even large-scale climates can be altered over time ...
... Even with the variety of change in climates, global climates (as a whole) are fairly predictable based on environmental data and historical analysis (otherwise, weathermen wouldn’t have a job) Yet even large-scale climates can be altered over time ...
abstracts - Santa Fe Institute
... set of null hypotheses for the assembly of communities under the assumption that trophically similar species are symmetric. The symmetry assumption is that, to a first approximation, ecologically similar ...
... set of null hypotheses for the assembly of communities under the assumption that trophically similar species are symmetric. The symmetry assumption is that, to a first approximation, ecologically similar ...
Inclusion of facilitation into ecological theory
... competition remains constant will produce an identical change in net interaction strength (Fig. 1b). There will certainly be cases in which a measurement of the net effect will be sufficient. But true tests of most mechanistic ecological models based on the context dependency of species interactions ...
... competition remains constant will produce an identical change in net interaction strength (Fig. 1b). There will certainly be cases in which a measurement of the net effect will be sufficient. But true tests of most mechanistic ecological models based on the context dependency of species interactions ...
What is an Ecosystem? - Garden Earth Naturalist Homepage
... ecosystems. An ecosystem is composed of the living creatures as well as the non-living parts such as water, rocks, and air. Although we think of ecosystems as fairly large entities, an ecosystem can be as small as a backyard pond. It just needs to be a defined area where organisms live and interact ...
... ecosystems. An ecosystem is composed of the living creatures as well as the non-living parts such as water, rocks, and air. Although we think of ecosystems as fairly large entities, an ecosystem can be as small as a backyard pond. It just needs to be a defined area where organisms live and interact ...
Extinctions: Past and Present
... MacArthur-Wilson Island Biogeography (1967) Interested in predicting species numbers on islands Numbers represent a balance between extinction and immigration Prediction: lower extinction rate on larger islands Prediction: higher immigration rates on islands closer to mainland ...
... MacArthur-Wilson Island Biogeography (1967) Interested in predicting species numbers on islands Numbers represent a balance between extinction and immigration Prediction: lower extinction rate on larger islands Prediction: higher immigration rates on islands closer to mainland ...
Study of the Global Ecosystem
... – Ecologists investigate interactions among the organisms in a community. • How do different species of algae eating fish compete for food? • How do desert plants compete for limited water resources? ...
... – Ecologists investigate interactions among the organisms in a community. • How do different species of algae eating fish compete for food? • How do desert plants compete for limited water resources? ...
INTRODUCTION
... Local Population Size Populations that are least threatened by extinction, have extensive geographic ranges, broad habitat tolerances, and some ...
... Local Population Size Populations that are least threatened by extinction, have extensive geographic ranges, broad habitat tolerances, and some ...
Connectance in stream food webs
... intermediate species and a lower fraction of top and ‘basal’ species than most stream webs previously (e.g. Cohen et al. 1985). The power–law relationship between links and web size (L = αS β) not surprisingly confirmed that the number of links increases with web size, but we obtained an exponent (β ...
... intermediate species and a lower fraction of top and ‘basal’ species than most stream webs previously (e.g. Cohen et al. 1985). The power–law relationship between links and web size (L = αS β) not surprisingly confirmed that the number of links increases with web size, but we obtained an exponent (β ...
Presentation
... and leaves ecosystems, but nutrients must be recycled. • Once energy has been radiated into the environment, it cannot be collected back and used as an energy source by the ecosystem ...
... and leaves ecosystems, but nutrients must be recycled. • Once energy has been radiated into the environment, it cannot be collected back and used as an energy source by the ecosystem ...
4/2/2014
... Moral Justification: This is based on a belief that a taxon has a moral right to exist, independent of our need for them. The right for all species to exist is stated in the U.N. General Assembly World Charter for Nature of 1982, and the U.S. Endangered Species Act also includes statements concernin ...
... Moral Justification: This is based on a belief that a taxon has a moral right to exist, independent of our need for them. The right for all species to exist is stated in the U.N. General Assembly World Charter for Nature of 1982, and the U.S. Endangered Species Act also includes statements concernin ...
Processes affecting diversity
... 2. Temporal heterogeneity For example, coexistence of competing species in grasslands because environmental conditions (rainfall amount and timing) varies greatly from year to year. Variable conditions mean that the best competitor varies from year-to-year as well. ...
... 2. Temporal heterogeneity For example, coexistence of competing species in grasslands because environmental conditions (rainfall amount and timing) varies greatly from year to year. Variable conditions mean that the best competitor varies from year-to-year as well. ...
Unit Review - Hackettstown School District
... 2. What are the major ways in which organisms in an ecosystem interact? ...
... 2. What are the major ways in which organisms in an ecosystem interact? ...
CRT Science Review #7 Life Science: Diversity of Life
... geologic time. E/S • Know fossils provide evidence of how environments and organisms have changed over time. • Given examples, predict the relative age of rock layers based on the types of fossils that they contain. • Know the conditions necessary for fossil formation. L.8.D.3 Students know an organ ...
... geologic time. E/S • Know fossils provide evidence of how environments and organisms have changed over time. • Given examples, predict the relative age of rock layers based on the types of fossils that they contain. • Know the conditions necessary for fossil formation. L.8.D.3 Students know an organ ...
Similarities and Differences among Living Organisms (3)
... we still have so many variations among species. Why do some • 2. Can you think of any real-‐life birds have very long pointy examples of the woolybooger, beaks, while other birds have where one ...
... we still have so many variations among species. Why do some • 2. Can you think of any real-‐life birds have very long pointy examples of the woolybooger, beaks, while other birds have where one ...
V. How is matter cycled?
... V. How is matter cycled? A. Remember, there is only one way energy can flow through an ecosystem, but matter must be recycled throughout the ecosystem. 1. Energy is moved through parts of an ecosystem through biogeochemical ...
... V. How is matter cycled? A. Remember, there is only one way energy can flow through an ecosystem, but matter must be recycled throughout the ecosystem. 1. Energy is moved through parts of an ecosystem through biogeochemical ...
Succession Worksheet
... the community. This series of predictable changes that occurs in a community over time is called ecological succession. Ecological succession is slow and gradual; it occurs over a period of many years. As ecological succession occurs, types of species present in a community will change in response t ...
... the community. This series of predictable changes that occurs in a community over time is called ecological succession. Ecological succession is slow and gradual; it occurs over a period of many years. As ecological succession occurs, types of species present in a community will change in response t ...
Natural Capital Degradation: The Nile Perch
... Legal Protection of Some Endangered and Threatened Marine Species • Why is it hard to protect marine biodiversity? – Human ecological footprint and fishprint are expanding – Much of the damage in the ocean is not visible – The oceans are incorrectly viewed as an inexhaustible ...
... Legal Protection of Some Endangered and Threatened Marine Species • Why is it hard to protect marine biodiversity? – Human ecological footprint and fishprint are expanding – Much of the damage in the ocean is not visible – The oceans are incorrectly viewed as an inexhaustible ...
Biology 11-14 Sample Pages 2 - Pearson Schools and FE Colleges
... which the energy flows. A food web is usually arranged with the producers at the bottom. As far as possible, organisms at the same trophic level are shown level with one another. This is not always possible since an organism might be at different trophic levels in two different food chains. A food w ...
... which the energy flows. A food web is usually arranged with the producers at the bottom. As far as possible, organisms at the same trophic level are shown level with one another. This is not always possible since an organism might be at different trophic levels in two different food chains. A food w ...
FOOD CHAINS, FOOD WEBS AND ECOLOGICAL PYRAMIDS
... convert inorganic compounds into organic compounds. They are called producers because all of the species of the ecosystem depend on them. Consumers: All the organisms that can not make their own food (and need producers) are called heterotrophs. In an ecosystem heterotrophs are called consumers beca ...
... convert inorganic compounds into organic compounds. They are called producers because all of the species of the ecosystem depend on them. Consumers: All the organisms that can not make their own food (and need producers) are called heterotrophs. In an ecosystem heterotrophs are called consumers beca ...
Theoretical ecology
Theoretical ecology is the scientific discipline devoted to the study of ecological systems using theoretical methods such as simple conceptual models, mathematical models, computational simulations, and advanced data analysis. Effective models improve understanding of the natural world by revealing how the dynamics of species populations are often based on fundamental biological conditions and processes. Further, the field aims to unify a diverse range of empirical observations by assuming that common, mechanistic processes generate observable phenomena across species and ecological environments. Based on biologically realistic assumptions, theoretical ecologists are able to uncover novel, non-intuitive insights about natural processes. Theoretical results are often verified by empirical and observational studies, revealing the power of theoretical methods in both predicting and understanding the noisy, diverse biological world.The field is broad and includes foundations in applied mathematics, computer science, biology, statistical physics, genetics, chemistry, evolution, and conservation biology. Theoretical ecology aims to explain a diverse range of phenomena in the life sciences, such as population growth and dynamics, fisheries, competition, evolutionary theory, epidemiology, animal behavior and group dynamics, food webs, ecosystems, spatial ecology, and the effects of climate change.Theoretical ecology has further benefited from the advent of fast computing power, allowing the analysis and visualization of large-scale computational simulations of ecological phenomena. Importantly, these modern tools provide quantitative predictions about the effects of human induced environmental change on a diverse variety of ecological phenomena, such as: species invasions, climate change, the effect of fishing and hunting on food network stability, and the global carbon cycle.