Subsidized Island Biogeography Hypothesis: another new twist on
... and thus have smaller S (equilibrium diversity). One assumption of IB theory is that population densities remain constant across island size. If this is not valid, as Connor et al. (2000) suggested, and densities vary over island size, then the log±log relationship between ...
... and thus have smaller S (equilibrium diversity). One assumption of IB theory is that population densities remain constant across island size. If this is not valid, as Connor et al. (2000) suggested, and densities vary over island size, then the log±log relationship between ...
Ecosystems - Science EOG
... In some cases, the species structure of an ecosystem is changed rapidly by a disturbance, such as a forest fire. If the ecosystem becomes unstable, primary or secondary succession can result. If succession begins in a new, unoccupied habitat where there is no soil present, it is called primary succ ...
... In some cases, the species structure of an ecosystem is changed rapidly by a disturbance, such as a forest fire. If the ecosystem becomes unstable, primary or secondary succession can result. If succession begins in a new, unoccupied habitat where there is no soil present, it is called primary succ ...
Mutualism Among Sessile Invertebrates: A Mediator of Competition
... of Schizoporella. This is because Cel- able to overgrow other species on experleporaria , upon maturity, undergoes a imental panels (Table 1). Instantaneous secondary calcification that obscures the measurements of overgrowth were taken regular arrangement of zooids and gives at the line of contact ...
... of Schizoporella. This is because Cel- able to overgrow other species on experleporaria , upon maturity, undergoes a imental panels (Table 1). Instantaneous secondary calcification that obscures the measurements of overgrowth were taken regular arrangement of zooids and gives at the line of contact ...
The Effects of Spatial Scale on Trophic Interactions
... In many grasslands, the natural behavior of large grazers is large-scale movement, ensuring that any locality is subjected to pulses of intense grazing. This leads to mosaic grasslands that can sustain high grazer densities. Humans have, by intensifying land use, fenced domesticated herbivores into ...
... In many grasslands, the natural behavior of large grazers is large-scale movement, ensuring that any locality is subjected to pulses of intense grazing. This leads to mosaic grasslands that can sustain high grazer densities. Humans have, by intensifying land use, fenced domesticated herbivores into ...
Red in tooth and claw: how top predators shape terrestrial ecosystems
... energy flows through distinct trophic levels. They also show that this classical approach is not useful in cases where species have strong antagonistic interactions that do not consist simply of eating and being eaten. Viewing this system simply as a food web is inadequate, and to understand the mech ...
... energy flows through distinct trophic levels. They also show that this classical approach is not useful in cases where species have strong antagonistic interactions that do not consist simply of eating and being eaten. Viewing this system simply as a food web is inadequate, and to understand the mech ...
15 Competition 2008
... MAJOR CONCEPTS 1) Facilitation is the alternative to competition; it is understudied. 2) Consumers compete by using a resource that reduces availability to others. 3) Competition occurs through exploitation of shared resources or direct interference. 4) Responses of plant and animal species to intra ...
... MAJOR CONCEPTS 1) Facilitation is the alternative to competition; it is understudied. 2) Consumers compete by using a resource that reduces availability to others. 3) Competition occurs through exploitation of shared resources or direct interference. 4) Responses of plant and animal species to intra ...
Fates beyond traits - Redpath Museum
... As mentioned, most studies of contemporary trait change in the wild do not distinguish between heritable trait change and phenotypic plasticity. Anthropogenic contexts that favor changes in selective conditions are also likely to involve changes to environmental conditions that could directly influe ...
... As mentioned, most studies of contemporary trait change in the wild do not distinguish between heritable trait change and phenotypic plasticity. Anthropogenic contexts that favor changes in selective conditions are also likely to involve changes to environmental conditions that could directly influe ...
Algal Biofuel White Paper
... the research being conducted to achieve the highest possible fuel yields through optimizing the cultivation techniques. These algal systems, just like large agricultural operations (corn, soy, etc.) will be extr ...
... the research being conducted to achieve the highest possible fuel yields through optimizing the cultivation techniques. These algal systems, just like large agricultural operations (corn, soy, etc.) will be extr ...
Ecological Niches and Diversity Maintenance
... to dominate other species with which it interacts. This concept is not to be confused with the fitness of a genotype or individual organism. The most common use of the idea of fitness is for genotypes or individual alleles of a gene, where its use is often relative, to predict the survival of a geno ...
... to dominate other species with which it interacts. This concept is not to be confused with the fitness of a genotype or individual organism. The most common use of the idea of fitness is for genotypes or individual alleles of a gene, where its use is often relative, to predict the survival of a geno ...
Distinguishing between direct and indirect effects of predators in
... 1. Global declines in biodiversity have stimulated much research into the consequences of species loss for ecosystems and the goods and services they provide. Species at higher trophic levels are at greater risk of human-induced extinction yet remarkably little is known about the effects of consumer ...
... 1. Global declines in biodiversity have stimulated much research into the consequences of species loss for ecosystems and the goods and services they provide. Species at higher trophic levels are at greater risk of human-induced extinction yet remarkably little is known about the effects of consumer ...
Invasive Versus Endemic Species - SUPER-M
... defense mechanisms, making them very susceptible to invasive species. And because of the relatively small area involved (islands versus a continent, for example), many Hawaiian species are considered threatened even when at their normal population levels. Hawai‘i has a growing invasive species crisi ...
... defense mechanisms, making them very susceptible to invasive species. And because of the relatively small area involved (islands versus a continent, for example), many Hawaiian species are considered threatened even when at their normal population levels. Hawai‘i has a growing invasive species crisi ...
10-Summary, Outline, End Chapter Questions
... 10-4 How should we manage and sustain parks and nature reserves? A. There are more than 1,100 national parks in more than 120 countries. 1. Parks in developing countries possess the greatest biodiversity, but are least protected. CASE STUDY: The U.S. National Park system includes 58 major national ...
... 10-4 How should we manage and sustain parks and nature reserves? A. There are more than 1,100 national parks in more than 120 countries. 1. Parks in developing countries possess the greatest biodiversity, but are least protected. CASE STUDY: The U.S. National Park system includes 58 major national ...
the intermediate disturbance hypothesis and its applicability to
... 250 m in thickness. The time taken for the windmixing to turn over this layer averages little more than 45 minutes (Denman and Gargett, 1983). This is much less than an algal generation time. Where the lower boundary is the lake bottom or a thermoclinic density gradient, the mixing time will be stil ...
... 250 m in thickness. The time taken for the windmixing to turn over this layer averages little more than 45 minutes (Denman and Gargett, 1983). This is much less than an algal generation time. Where the lower boundary is the lake bottom or a thermoclinic density gradient, the mixing time will be stil ...
II Southern-Summer School on Mathematical Biology
... Intra-specific competition gives rise to the models like the logistic that we studied in the first lecture. In a broad sense we can distinguish two kinds of models for competition: implicit: that do not take into account the dynamics of the resources. explicit where this dynamics is included. Here i ...
... Intra-specific competition gives rise to the models like the logistic that we studied in the first lecture. In a broad sense we can distinguish two kinds of models for competition: implicit: that do not take into account the dynamics of the resources. explicit where this dynamics is included. Here i ...
- Wiley Online Library
... Amplicon refers to the region of DNA that has been amplified by targeted primers for sequencing. Connectance in food webs describes the degree to which trophic levels are associated. DNA barcoding in the current global sense refers to an international programme to assemble a reference library for bi ...
... Amplicon refers to the region of DNA that has been amplified by targeted primers for sequencing. Connectance in food webs describes the degree to which trophic levels are associated. DNA barcoding in the current global sense refers to an international programme to assemble a reference library for bi ...
Biological Monitoring
... Bird populations may respond slowly to management and it may require several years for birds to begin using an area or for increased rates of recruitment to result in detectable population increases. It may be more feasible to detect changes in other population parameters, such as nesting success. F ...
... Bird populations may respond slowly to management and it may require several years for birds to begin using an area or for increased rates of recruitment to result in detectable population increases. It may be more feasible to detect changes in other population parameters, such as nesting success. F ...
Biological computation: amazing algorithms. Nature
... shaped the underlying computational mechanisms, and can help to guide future research. Further understanding of such computations would come from a knowledge of how acoustic variables are represented in the bat brain, of the mathematical algorithms that describe the transformation of these variables ...
... shaped the underlying computational mechanisms, and can help to guide future research. Further understanding of such computations would come from a knowledge of how acoustic variables are represented in the bat brain, of the mathematical algorithms that describe the transformation of these variables ...
biodiversity and pesticides
... Preserving biodiversity is central to sustainable agriculture. Proper crop protection can help further this goal. What is biodiversity? Why does it matter? ‘Biodiversity’ refers to the variety of living organisms which exist on our planet. Preserving biodiversity is fundamental to preserving the eco ...
... Preserving biodiversity is central to sustainable agriculture. Proper crop protection can help further this goal. What is biodiversity? Why does it matter? ‘Biodiversity’ refers to the variety of living organisms which exist on our planet. Preserving biodiversity is fundamental to preserving the eco ...
the paleoecological significance of opportunistic
... stages is relaxed, thus causing unusually great larval survival. T h e opportunist will establish a large population and die out gradually or quickly, depending upon its ability to compete with resident species. This process might take several years if the environment is variable, or if the competit ...
... stages is relaxed, thus causing unusually great larval survival. T h e opportunist will establish a large population and die out gradually or quickly, depending upon its ability to compete with resident species. This process might take several years if the environment is variable, or if the competit ...
Theoretical ecology
Theoretical ecology is the scientific discipline devoted to the study of ecological systems using theoretical methods such as simple conceptual models, mathematical models, computational simulations, and advanced data analysis. Effective models improve understanding of the natural world by revealing how the dynamics of species populations are often based on fundamental biological conditions and processes. Further, the field aims to unify a diverse range of empirical observations by assuming that common, mechanistic processes generate observable phenomena across species and ecological environments. Based on biologically realistic assumptions, theoretical ecologists are able to uncover novel, non-intuitive insights about natural processes. Theoretical results are often verified by empirical and observational studies, revealing the power of theoretical methods in both predicting and understanding the noisy, diverse biological world.The field is broad and includes foundations in applied mathematics, computer science, biology, statistical physics, genetics, chemistry, evolution, and conservation biology. Theoretical ecology aims to explain a diverse range of phenomena in the life sciences, such as population growth and dynamics, fisheries, competition, evolutionary theory, epidemiology, animal behavior and group dynamics, food webs, ecosystems, spatial ecology, and the effects of climate change.Theoretical ecology has further benefited from the advent of fast computing power, allowing the analysis and visualization of large-scale computational simulations of ecological phenomena. Importantly, these modern tools provide quantitative predictions about the effects of human induced environmental change on a diverse variety of ecological phenomena, such as: species invasions, climate change, the effect of fishing and hunting on food network stability, and the global carbon cycle.