Resilience Thresholds in resources use Carrying capacity and limits
... of subsistence” and some people – the poorest inevitably – will suffer. However the fact is that global population is now six times bigger and the economy 68 times bigger than it was in 1800 – technological changes explain the difference 1970’s - Club of Rome, Limits to Growth – sooner or later the ...
... of subsistence” and some people – the poorest inevitably – will suffer. However the fact is that global population is now six times bigger and the economy 68 times bigger than it was in 1800 – technological changes explain the difference 1970’s - Club of Rome, Limits to Growth – sooner or later the ...
Rivers and Wetlands: A Common Assessment Approach
... Compatibility • Costs, Benefits, and Cost-Effectiveness ...
... Compatibility • Costs, Benefits, and Cost-Effectiveness ...
Invasive species - EEB Home
... For example, invasive species can affect other species by preying upon them, by out-competing them, by causing disease, etc. They also can have effects indirectly, e.g., by altering the way in which the ecosystem functions. For example, beavers have been introduced into southern Chile – what kind of ...
... For example, invasive species can affect other species by preying upon them, by out-competing them, by causing disease, etc. They also can have effects indirectly, e.g., by altering the way in which the ecosystem functions. For example, beavers have been introduced into southern Chile – what kind of ...
Populations: Survivorship Curves
... • Relate how birth rates, fertility rates and death rates are affected by various environmental factors • Examine the contributing factors of human population growth that impact natural systems such as levels of education, children in the labor force, education and employment of women, infant mortal ...
... • Relate how birth rates, fertility rates and death rates are affected by various environmental factors • Examine the contributing factors of human population growth that impact natural systems such as levels of education, children in the labor force, education and employment of women, infant mortal ...
TITLE: It`s a Puma-eat-Deer-eat-Grass World!
... The idea of trophic cascades was first popularized by Hairston, Smith and Slobodkin’s1960 paper introducing the green world hypothesis. They suggest that the world is green because predators reduce the number of herbivores, which allows plants to proliferate. The term “trophic cascade” was coined by ...
... The idea of trophic cascades was first popularized by Hairston, Smith and Slobodkin’s1960 paper introducing the green world hypothesis. They suggest that the world is green because predators reduce the number of herbivores, which allows plants to proliferate. The term “trophic cascade” was coined by ...
Cai, D.; Tao, L.; Rangan, A.; McLaughlin, D. Kinetic Theory for Neuronal Network Dynamics. Comm. Math. Sci 4 (2006), no. 1, 97-12.
... an infinitely fast conductance driven by a Poisson input spike train, an exact kinetic equation is proposed. Its properties are studied under a diffusion approximation. Then, for all-to-all coupled networks of excitatory neurons , using the so-called conditional variance closure, the kinetic equatio ...
... an infinitely fast conductance driven by a Poisson input spike train, an exact kinetic equation is proposed. Its properties are studied under a diffusion approximation. Then, for all-to-all coupled networks of excitatory neurons , using the so-called conditional variance closure, the kinetic equatio ...
Published figures arising out of FISH507H: Beautiful
... Fig. 2. Example population trajectories with predation on recruits and lognormal recruitment deviations with a c.v. of 04. Trajectories begin at the grey triangle, grow darker as time progresses, end at the black square and cover one 20-year predator cycle. Dotted line is the equilibrium annual pro ...
... Fig. 2. Example population trajectories with predation on recruits and lognormal recruitment deviations with a c.v. of 04. Trajectories begin at the grey triangle, grow darker as time progresses, end at the black square and cover one 20-year predator cycle. Dotted line is the equilibrium annual pro ...
Wroc*aw, 05
... characterized by high alpha diversity. It has also been shown that alpha diversity depends on the vicinity and coverage of grasslands of a similar origin. Accordingly, species diversity of grassland decreases with the increasing share of non-natural habitats in the closest surroundings. The reverse ...
... characterized by high alpha diversity. It has also been shown that alpha diversity depends on the vicinity and coverage of grasslands of a similar origin. Accordingly, species diversity of grassland decreases with the increasing share of non-natural habitats in the closest surroundings. The reverse ...
Herpetological Bulletin
... With the exception of species adapted to eat other snakes, ophiophagy is considered an aberrant behaviour released by an inappropriate stimulus (Fox, 1975). Although this phenomenon has been observed in the wild, it typically occurs under captive conditions. For instance, it occurs in boids, when tw ...
... With the exception of species adapted to eat other snakes, ophiophagy is considered an aberrant behaviour released by an inappropriate stimulus (Fox, 1975). Although this phenomenon has been observed in the wild, it typically occurs under captive conditions. For instance, it occurs in boids, when tw ...
Competition for food in macroplankton animals in the Vistula
... same limiting resources cannot coexist in the same place. The term competitive exclusion was used for the first time by Russian biologist Georgii Frantsevich Gause (1932) in his paper Experimental Studies on the Struggle for Existence. Gause wrote that two species with similar ecological niches cann ...
... same limiting resources cannot coexist in the same place. The term competitive exclusion was used for the first time by Russian biologist Georgii Frantsevich Gause (1932) in his paper Experimental Studies on the Struggle for Existence. Gause wrote that two species with similar ecological niches cann ...
ecosystem adaptation: do ecosystems maximize
... Aquatic ecosystems are being increasingly subjected to anthropogenic perturbation (Smith et al. 1999), with these perturbations often occurring in the form of increased nutrient loadings (Vitousek et al. 1997). The resilience of an ecosystem is a measure of how quickly the system returns to its prio ...
... Aquatic ecosystems are being increasingly subjected to anthropogenic perturbation (Smith et al. 1999), with these perturbations often occurring in the form of increased nutrient loadings (Vitousek et al. 1997). The resilience of an ecosystem is a measure of how quickly the system returns to its prio ...
Biodiversity - Egon Zehnder
... possibly can.” The number of known species of plants, animals, and microorganisms is about 1.9 million, but Wilson believes that the actual number is likely much higher, perhaps well over five million or even far more. “We are living in a littleknown world with new species being discovered all the t ...
... possibly can.” The number of known species of plants, animals, and microorganisms is about 1.9 million, but Wilson believes that the actual number is likely much higher, perhaps well over five million or even far more. “We are living in a littleknown world with new species being discovered all the t ...
Ecology Part 2 Relationships
... I can list the 4 types of heterotrophs I can define an herbivore I can give an example of an herbivore I can define a carnivore I can give an example of a carnivore I can define an omnivore I can define an example of an omnivore ...
... I can list the 4 types of heterotrophs I can define an herbivore I can give an example of an herbivore I can define a carnivore I can give an example of a carnivore I can define an omnivore I can define an example of an omnivore ...
Plant Virus Ecology Research Coordination Network
... C.M. Malmström, R. Shu, E.W. Linton, L. A. Newton, M. A. Cook (2007) J. Ecology (on line) ...
... C.M. Malmström, R. Shu, E.W. Linton, L. A. Newton, M. A. Cook (2007) J. Ecology (on line) ...
Stochastic species distributions are driven by organism size
... life cycle, resulting in the smallest taxa having faster population dynamics (Finlay 2002, Brown et al. 2004). To our knowledge, these ideas have not been tested before on the taxon level using large-scale field data subject to natural variability in the driving forces of community variation. The nov ...
... life cycle, resulting in the smallest taxa having faster population dynamics (Finlay 2002, Brown et al. 2004). To our knowledge, these ideas have not been tested before on the taxon level using large-scale field data subject to natural variability in the driving forces of community variation. The nov ...
On the organization of ecosystems Veldhuis, Michiel
... the resources needed by species B, B produces the resources needed by C and C produces the resources needed by A (Fig 1A). Similar to biochemical autocatalytic loops in a cell, such ecological autocatalytic loops in ecosystems are expected to be thermodynamically favored over alternative configurati ...
... the resources needed by species B, B produces the resources needed by C and C produces the resources needed by A (Fig 1A). Similar to biochemical autocatalytic loops in a cell, such ecological autocatalytic loops in ecosystems are expected to be thermodynamically favored over alternative configurati ...
Ecology
... OMNIVORES feed on plants and animals yy PREDATOR-PREY RELATIONSHIPS yy HOST-PARASITE RELATIONSHIPS—parasites are predators intimately associated with their prey; feed on prey for an extended period of time; animal fed upon is called the host iii. Detritus Feeders and Decomposers Detritus (di TRI tu ...
... OMNIVORES feed on plants and animals yy PREDATOR-PREY RELATIONSHIPS yy HOST-PARASITE RELATIONSHIPS—parasites are predators intimately associated with their prey; feed on prey for an extended period of time; animal fed upon is called the host iii. Detritus Feeders and Decomposers Detritus (di TRI tu ...
Different Ways of Aging - San Diego State University
... Quantitative models to explain and predict rates of aging and species longevity remain works inprogress. One is the Gompertz model of species survival that calculates a mortality curve as a function of age (or time) for each species, and then yields both an initial mortality rate (iMR) and a mortali ...
... Quantitative models to explain and predict rates of aging and species longevity remain works inprogress. One is the Gompertz model of species survival that calculates a mortality curve as a function of age (or time) for each species, and then yields both an initial mortality rate (iMR) and a mortali ...
Ecosystem - NVS RO CHD
... • In the ecosystem, the energy flow is unidirectional i.e. from the sun to Producers and then to Consumers; thus it keeps with the first law of thermodynamics. • Ecosystems require constant supply of energy as a large amount of energy is lost due to disorderliness (like respiration) in the form of h ...
... • In the ecosystem, the energy flow is unidirectional i.e. from the sun to Producers and then to Consumers; thus it keeps with the first law of thermodynamics. • Ecosystems require constant supply of energy as a large amount of energy is lost due to disorderliness (like respiration) in the form of h ...
Theoretical ecology
Theoretical ecology is the scientific discipline devoted to the study of ecological systems using theoretical methods such as simple conceptual models, mathematical models, computational simulations, and advanced data analysis. Effective models improve understanding of the natural world by revealing how the dynamics of species populations are often based on fundamental biological conditions and processes. Further, the field aims to unify a diverse range of empirical observations by assuming that common, mechanistic processes generate observable phenomena across species and ecological environments. Based on biologically realistic assumptions, theoretical ecologists are able to uncover novel, non-intuitive insights about natural processes. Theoretical results are often verified by empirical and observational studies, revealing the power of theoretical methods in both predicting and understanding the noisy, diverse biological world.The field is broad and includes foundations in applied mathematics, computer science, biology, statistical physics, genetics, chemistry, evolution, and conservation biology. Theoretical ecology aims to explain a diverse range of phenomena in the life sciences, such as population growth and dynamics, fisheries, competition, evolutionary theory, epidemiology, animal behavior and group dynamics, food webs, ecosystems, spatial ecology, and the effects of climate change.Theoretical ecology has further benefited from the advent of fast computing power, allowing the analysis and visualization of large-scale computational simulations of ecological phenomena. Importantly, these modern tools provide quantitative predictions about the effects of human induced environmental change on a diverse variety of ecological phenomena, such as: species invasions, climate change, the effect of fishing and hunting on food network stability, and the global carbon cycle.