How do ecologists select and use indicator species
... and contamination, disease outbreaks, and the spread of invasive species. Among many suggested strategies, one of the most popular has been to adopt monitoring techniques that can detect ecological changes both at an early stage and over the long term. Such biological monitoring allows for better-in ...
... and contamination, disease outbreaks, and the spread of invasive species. Among many suggested strategies, one of the most popular has been to adopt monitoring techniques that can detect ecological changes both at an early stage and over the long term. Such biological monitoring allows for better-in ...
Ecological Succession
... • Eventually, a mature community is formed, this mature community is called a climax community • A climax community is a community that is able to maintain itself for long periods of time with few changes in the species that populate it ...
... • Eventually, a mature community is formed, this mature community is called a climax community • A climax community is a community that is able to maintain itself for long periods of time with few changes in the species that populate it ...
An ecosystem is a system where a lot of living things exist
... things. As well, they must also deal with the abiotic (non-living) factors in their environment. For example a polar bear interacts with seals, fish and humans (biotic factors), as well as ice, water, temperature changes (abiotic factors). Ecologists organize the relationships among organisms and th ...
... things. As well, they must also deal with the abiotic (non-living) factors in their environment. For example a polar bear interacts with seals, fish and humans (biotic factors), as well as ice, water, temperature changes (abiotic factors). Ecologists organize the relationships among organisms and th ...
Prey behaviour freeze or flee
... What to do Introduction 1. Discuss the terms ‘predator’ and ‘prey’. Come up with a class definition and ask the students to give examples. 2. On one side of the board, brainstorm a list of adaptations that help predators to catch their prey. On the other side of the board, brainstorm a list of defen ...
... What to do Introduction 1. Discuss the terms ‘predator’ and ‘prey’. Come up with a class definition and ask the students to give examples. 2. On one side of the board, brainstorm a list of adaptations that help predators to catch their prey. On the other side of the board, brainstorm a list of defen ...
A Simulation of Natural Selection
... Evolution is a process that changes the genetic makeup of a population over time. Presumable, those genetic changes are reflected in changes in the phenotypic makeup (the observable characteristics) of the population. Natural Selection, as formulated by Charles Darwin in Origin of Species (1859) is ...
... Evolution is a process that changes the genetic makeup of a population over time. Presumable, those genetic changes are reflected in changes in the phenotypic makeup (the observable characteristics) of the population. Natural Selection, as formulated by Charles Darwin in Origin of Species (1859) is ...
How life-history traits affect ecosystem properties: effects of dispersal
... whether environmental variability is spatial and/or temporal (Loreau et al. 2003a, Mouquet and Loreau 2003, see the link between ‘local adaptation’/’insurance’ and ‘characteristics of limiting factors’ in Fig. 1). By contrast, any dispersal flux of living organism eventually fuels the detritus pool ...
... whether environmental variability is spatial and/or temporal (Loreau et al. 2003a, Mouquet and Loreau 2003, see the link between ‘local adaptation’/’insurance’ and ‘characteristics of limiting factors’ in Fig. 1). By contrast, any dispersal flux of living organism eventually fuels the detritus pool ...
Life History - practical ecology
... the overall pattern in average timing and nature of life history events. It is shaped by the way the organism divides its time and energy between growth, reproduction, and survival. ...
... the overall pattern in average timing and nature of life history events. It is shaped by the way the organism divides its time and energy between growth, reproduction, and survival. ...
Desertification, Deforestation, Soil pollution, Waste
... • It causes phytoplankton to grow and reproduce more rapidly, resulting in algal blooms. • This bloom of algae disrupts normal ecosystem functioning and causes many problems. • The algae may use up all the oxygen in the water, leaving none for other marine life. This results in the death of many aqu ...
... • It causes phytoplankton to grow and reproduce more rapidly, resulting in algal blooms. • This bloom of algae disrupts normal ecosystem functioning and causes many problems. • The algae may use up all the oxygen in the water, leaving none for other marine life. This results in the death of many aqu ...
3-4 種とは何か 種が生物の基本的な単位であることをほとんどの生物
... Here's an alternate way of looking at divergence and transformation. Speciation generally involves at least one of two processes: either the environment of a particular species changes, or the species itself changes in the way that it lives and survives in its environment. If only one way of surviva ...
... Here's an alternate way of looking at divergence and transformation. Speciation generally involves at least one of two processes: either the environment of a particular species changes, or the species itself changes in the way that it lives and survives in its environment. If only one way of surviva ...
AG-WL-03.453-06.2_Population_NumbersC
... f. Sex and age composition of the population g. Mating habitats related to age and sex compositions of the population 7. What is biological surplus? a. A scientific name for the number of animals in a given population that are above the carrying capacity. b. Example of biological surplus: i. If 25 d ...
... f. Sex and age composition of the population g. Mating habitats related to age and sex compositions of the population 7. What is biological surplus? a. A scientific name for the number of animals in a given population that are above the carrying capacity. b. Example of biological surplus: i. If 25 d ...
Ecosystem
... In the carbon cycle, carbon atoms may return to the pool of carbon dioxide in the air and water in three ways: 1. _______________________: Carbon dioxide is a byproduct of cellular respiration. 2. _______________________: Carbon also returns to the atmosphere through ...
... In the carbon cycle, carbon atoms may return to the pool of carbon dioxide in the air and water in three ways: 1. _______________________: Carbon dioxide is a byproduct of cellular respiration. 2. _______________________: Carbon also returns to the atmosphere through ...
Managing Predator-Prey Systems: Summary Discussion
... well as the particular predator and prey populations (Boyce and Haney 1997). Hollevoet and Dixon (2007) provided a conceptual framework whereby predators are managed in a manner similar to their prey. Management and population goals are determined and a potential suite of management activities are i ...
... well as the particular predator and prey populations (Boyce and Haney 1997). Hollevoet and Dixon (2007) provided a conceptual framework whereby predators are managed in a manner similar to their prey. Management and population goals are determined and a potential suite of management activities are i ...
A mechanistic verification of the competitive exclusion principle
... marked13,17,18. So, a mechanistic mechanism of soliton-like interpenetration of colliding population waves was not directly demonstrated. Modelling by differential equations19 has not helped to realize what really happens because it does not show what happens with population waves on a micro-level ...
... marked13,17,18. So, a mechanistic mechanism of soliton-like interpenetration of colliding population waves was not directly demonstrated. Modelling by differential equations19 has not helped to realize what really happens because it does not show what happens with population waves on a micro-level ...
Interspecific interaction strength influences population density more
... strength would be more important than that of carrying capacity in explaining population densities within a community because species received more effects from other species. Besides direct species interactions, impacts of indirect interaction on community dynamics have also been noticed (Menge, 19 ...
... strength would be more important than that of carrying capacity in explaining population densities within a community because species received more effects from other species. Besides direct species interactions, impacts of indirect interaction on community dynamics have also been noticed (Menge, 19 ...
Ecosystems - physicslocker.com
... Humans often destroy forest habitats to make room for housing or industry. This is called deforestation. ...
... Humans often destroy forest habitats to make room for housing or industry. This is called deforestation. ...
Pairwise interactions between functional groups
... In contrast, studies of predator complementarity often use substitutive designs, where total predator density is held constant as more species are added, which allows for the inclusion of relatively large numbers of species typical of some predator communities (e.g., Bruno and O’Connor, 2005; Northfi ...
... In contrast, studies of predator complementarity often use substitutive designs, where total predator density is held constant as more species are added, which allows for the inclusion of relatively large numbers of species typical of some predator communities (e.g., Bruno and O’Connor, 2005; Northfi ...
Ecologically relevant data are policy-relevant data
... Hundreds of studies have demonstrated global microplastic contamination, but few have investigated its impacts on animal populations, communities, and ecosystems. This pattern is not unique. For many chemical contaminants in the environment, widespread contamination is documented, yet little is know ...
... Hundreds of studies have demonstrated global microplastic contamination, but few have investigated its impacts on animal populations, communities, and ecosystems. This pattern is not unique. For many chemical contaminants in the environment, widespread contamination is documented, yet little is know ...
Human survivorship curves. Most modern curves are
... slowing, and China’s population is predicted to peak in about 10 years; after that it will decline, IF fertility rates remain below replacement level. Replacement level is slightly over 2; why? ...
... slowing, and China’s population is predicted to peak in about 10 years; after that it will decline, IF fertility rates remain below replacement level. Replacement level is slightly over 2; why? ...
Niches and Community Interactions
... In the the experiment shown in the graph, two species of paramecia (P. aurelia and P. caudatum) were first grown in separate cultures (dashed lines) . In separate cultures, but under the same conditions, both populations grew. However, when both species were grown together in the same culture (solid ...
... In the the experiment shown in the graph, two species of paramecia (P. aurelia and P. caudatum) were first grown in separate cultures (dashed lines) . In separate cultures, but under the same conditions, both populations grew. However, when both species were grown together in the same culture (solid ...
animal mutualistic interactions
... Emmerson & Raffaelli 2004). Allometric approaches are based on the assumption that per capita interaction strength scales with body sizes of prey and their predators (large-bodied predators interact more strongly than small-bodied ones), a reasonable assumption, given that numerous biological proces ...
... Emmerson & Raffaelli 2004). Allometric approaches are based on the assumption that per capita interaction strength scales with body sizes of prey and their predators (large-bodied predators interact more strongly than small-bodied ones), a reasonable assumption, given that numerous biological proces ...
Chapter 5
... can survive all but the most violent storms and waves. Kelp forests are one of the most biologically diverse ecosystems found in marine waters, supporting large numbers of marine plants and animals. These forests help reduce shore erosion by blunting the force of incoming waves and helping to trap o ...
... can survive all but the most violent storms and waves. Kelp forests are one of the most biologically diverse ecosystems found in marine waters, supporting large numbers of marine plants and animals. These forests help reduce shore erosion by blunting the force of incoming waves and helping to trap o ...
Grade 7 Science and Health Standards and Expectations
... 3. Cells carry on the many functions needed to sustain life. 4. Specialized cells perform specialized functions in multicellular organisms. 5. All organisms must be able to obtain and use resources, grow, reproduce, and maintain stable internal conditions while living in a constantly changing enviro ...
... 3. Cells carry on the many functions needed to sustain life. 4. Specialized cells perform specialized functions in multicellular organisms. 5. All organisms must be able to obtain and use resources, grow, reproduce, and maintain stable internal conditions while living in a constantly changing enviro ...
Theoretical ecology
Theoretical ecology is the scientific discipline devoted to the study of ecological systems using theoretical methods such as simple conceptual models, mathematical models, computational simulations, and advanced data analysis. Effective models improve understanding of the natural world by revealing how the dynamics of species populations are often based on fundamental biological conditions and processes. Further, the field aims to unify a diverse range of empirical observations by assuming that common, mechanistic processes generate observable phenomena across species and ecological environments. Based on biologically realistic assumptions, theoretical ecologists are able to uncover novel, non-intuitive insights about natural processes. Theoretical results are often verified by empirical and observational studies, revealing the power of theoretical methods in both predicting and understanding the noisy, diverse biological world.The field is broad and includes foundations in applied mathematics, computer science, biology, statistical physics, genetics, chemistry, evolution, and conservation biology. Theoretical ecology aims to explain a diverse range of phenomena in the life sciences, such as population growth and dynamics, fisheries, competition, evolutionary theory, epidemiology, animal behavior and group dynamics, food webs, ecosystems, spatial ecology, and the effects of climate change.Theoretical ecology has further benefited from the advent of fast computing power, allowing the analysis and visualization of large-scale computational simulations of ecological phenomena. Importantly, these modern tools provide quantitative predictions about the effects of human induced environmental change on a diverse variety of ecological phenomena, such as: species invasions, climate change, the effect of fishing and hunting on food network stability, and the global carbon cycle.