Scaling up keystone effects from simple to complex
... and a combination of structural attributes of the community. We used Regression Trees (De’ath & Fabricius 2000) to explore the relative importance of multiple attributes of network structure and resource supply in explaining variation in the keystone effect on each Sn. Regression Trees explain varia ...
... and a combination of structural attributes of the community. We used Regression Trees (De’ath & Fabricius 2000) to explore the relative importance of multiple attributes of network structure and resource supply in explaining variation in the keystone effect on each Sn. Regression Trees explain varia ...
Evolution and Genetics
... If a population is separated into two populations by a physical barrier the Hardy-Weinburg assumption of random mating will be violated If different selective pressures are brought to bare on the separate populations, they will develop different allelic frequencies Evolutionary theory extrapolates f ...
... If a population is separated into two populations by a physical barrier the Hardy-Weinburg assumption of random mating will be violated If different selective pressures are brought to bare on the separate populations, they will develop different allelic frequencies Evolutionary theory extrapolates f ...
In the Wild - The Maryland Zoo in Baltimore
... around them and “shivering” to keep them warm – incubation takes a great deal of energy and can cause females to lose up to half of their body weight The eggs hatch after about 2.5 months and the female leaves the hatchlings to fend for themselves Hatchlings are typically 15-18 in. long and are tan ...
... around them and “shivering” to keep them warm – incubation takes a great deal of energy and can cause females to lose up to half of their body weight The eggs hatch after about 2.5 months and the female leaves the hatchlings to fend for themselves Hatchlings are typically 15-18 in. long and are tan ...
Practice QUiz Labs 6
... Based on the data here, you hypothesize that r-selected species facilitate the coloniza9on of K-selected species. What experimental result would refute this hypothesis? ...
... Based on the data here, you hypothesize that r-selected species facilitate the coloniza9on of K-selected species. What experimental result would refute this hypothesis? ...
MARINE BIOME
... prey, whereas the starfish hunts sessile prey. The starfish's strong arms enable it to pry open shells of oysters and clams (molluscs). Squid and jellyfish are also carnivores but they use different methods of prey capture. Squid hunt their prey and use sucker-like discs on their tentacles for captu ...
... prey, whereas the starfish hunts sessile prey. The starfish's strong arms enable it to pry open shells of oysters and clams (molluscs). Squid and jellyfish are also carnivores but they use different methods of prey capture. Squid hunt their prey and use sucker-like discs on their tentacles for captu ...
sharp-tailed snake contia tenuis
... Sharp-tailed snake difficult to confuse with the only other group of snake species on Vancouver Island – Garter Snake. Northwestern Garter Snake is likely the only species that could be mistaken for Sharp-tailed Snake, especially in densely vegetated conditions. Northwestern Garter Snake can range f ...
... Sharp-tailed snake difficult to confuse with the only other group of snake species on Vancouver Island – Garter Snake. Northwestern Garter Snake is likely the only species that could be mistaken for Sharp-tailed Snake, especially in densely vegetated conditions. Northwestern Garter Snake can range f ...
the Importance of Habitat Characteristics for Farmland Breeding
... people who did not migrate are asked the “Why did you stay?” question very often. Logically, these two questions are equally relevant. Consequently, the current position of any mobile organism always depends on the outcome of “Should I stay or should I go somewhere else?” decisions. These decisions ...
... people who did not migrate are asked the “Why did you stay?” question very often. Logically, these two questions are equally relevant. Consequently, the current position of any mobile organism always depends on the outcome of “Should I stay or should I go somewhere else?” decisions. These decisions ...
Effects of predator richness on prey suppression: a metaanalysis
... trophic levels. At the level of secondary consumers (predators), however, conclusions about the functional role of biodiversity have been mixed. We take advantage of a recent surge of published experiments (totaling 46 since 2005) to both evaluate general effects of predator richness on aggregate pr ...
... trophic levels. At the level of secondary consumers (predators), however, conclusions about the functional role of biodiversity have been mixed. We take advantage of a recent surge of published experiments (totaling 46 since 2005) to both evaluate general effects of predator richness on aggregate pr ...
Report - Planning Portal
... amenity or the appearance of the building being extended. Policy GP 3 seeks to protect amenities of neighbouring residents. In considering development proposals it will be necessary to consider how they might affect the amenities of an area and immediate neighbours. It is important to safeguard the ...
... amenity or the appearance of the building being extended. Policy GP 3 seeks to protect amenities of neighbouring residents. In considering development proposals it will be necessary to consider how they might affect the amenities of an area and immediate neighbours. It is important to safeguard the ...
SOME MORPHOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF THE ADAPTIVE
... to the ways of surviving and successfully reproducing, a product of an adaptive radiation during the evolutionary history of the group. The general acceptance that evolution proceeds by way of adaptive radiation means, as Stebbins (1972) implies when considering the hypothesis of genetic uniformitar ...
... to the ways of surviving and successfully reproducing, a product of an adaptive radiation during the evolutionary history of the group. The general acceptance that evolution proceeds by way of adaptive radiation means, as Stebbins (1972) implies when considering the hypothesis of genetic uniformitar ...
Chapter 53 Practice Multiple Choice
... protective seed coats, and animals that are caring parents produce fewer offspring with lower infant mortality. d. Free-living insects lay thousands of eggs and provide no parental care, while flowers take good care of their seeds until they are ready to germinate. e. Some mammals will not reproduce ...
... protective seed coats, and animals that are caring parents produce fewer offspring with lower infant mortality. d. Free-living insects lay thousands of eggs and provide no parental care, while flowers take good care of their seeds until they are ready to germinate. e. Some mammals will not reproduce ...
Invasive species: A global threat to biodiversity (PDF 1190KB)
... • Alien species (terrestrial & marine) have been found surviving in the Antarctic, even on the continent • Global climate change may heighten the threat • Conservation is not just about avoiding extinction • Wilderness and science values have a lower threshold • Need for an interagency, internationa ...
... • Alien species (terrestrial & marine) have been found surviving in the Antarctic, even on the continent • Global climate change may heighten the threat • Conservation is not just about avoiding extinction • Wilderness and science values have a lower threshold • Need for an interagency, internationa ...
Mutualism, Facilitation, and the Structure of Ecological Communities
... Simply by growing, many species alter the local environment. Trees cast shade on the forest floor, altering light and moisture regimes; corals form reefs, increasing habitat complexity and thereby providing habitat for countless other species. Many of the positive interactions that have emerged as i ...
... Simply by growing, many species alter the local environment. Trees cast shade on the forest floor, altering light and moisture regimes; corals form reefs, increasing habitat complexity and thereby providing habitat for countless other species. Many of the positive interactions that have emerged as i ...
An overview of studies on trophic ecology in the
... if they are not directly consuming the same prey or if they do not share the same predators. This information is useful for measuring the trophic roles of species in food web models, for measuring similarity in trophic relations of two or more species, for comparing food webs over time and across ge ...
... if they are not directly consuming the same prey or if they do not share the same predators. This information is useful for measuring the trophic roles of species in food web models, for measuring similarity in trophic relations of two or more species, for comparing food webs over time and across ge ...
Application of species distribution models to explain and predict the
... seven rocky reef-associated fish species and showed that species’ densities differed in their relationships with environmental variables. The predictive accuracy of the SDMs ranged from 0.26 to 0.60 (Pearson’s r correlation between observed and predicted density values). The SDMs created for the fis ...
... seven rocky reef-associated fish species and showed that species’ densities differed in their relationships with environmental variables. The predictive accuracy of the SDMs ranged from 0.26 to 0.60 (Pearson’s r correlation between observed and predicted density values). The SDMs created for the fis ...
Chapter 10 Biological Productivity in the Ocean
... of the biomass of the remainder of the food web. • Annual primary production (APP) is equal to primary production rate (PPR) times the area for which the rate is applicable. ...
... of the biomass of the remainder of the food web. • Annual primary production (APP) is equal to primary production rate (PPR) times the area for which the rate is applicable. ...
New conservation or surrender to development?
... of species diversity decreased productivity, resilience, nutrient cycling, drought tolerance, options for water management, resistance to pests and efficiency of ecosystems while increasing chances of catastrophic disease (Keesing et al., 2010; Tilman, 2012; Washington, 2013). Yet, the planet’s biod ...
... of species diversity decreased productivity, resilience, nutrient cycling, drought tolerance, options for water management, resistance to pests and efficiency of ecosystems while increasing chances of catastrophic disease (Keesing et al., 2010; Tilman, 2012; Washington, 2013). Yet, the planet’s biod ...
HB Final__Review
... Explain why species in widely separated biomes may have similar features. Describe the types of characteristics used to define terrestrial biomes. Then use these characteristics to define the major terrestrial biomes: tropical forests, savannas, deserts, chaparral, temperate grasslands, temperate fo ...
... Explain why species in widely separated biomes may have similar features. Describe the types of characteristics used to define terrestrial biomes. Then use these characteristics to define the major terrestrial biomes: tropical forests, savannas, deserts, chaparral, temperate grasslands, temperate fo ...
`New conservation` or surrender to development?
... of species diversity decreased productivity, resilience, nutrient cycling, drought tolerance, options for water management, resistance to pests and efficiency of ecosystems while increasing chances of catastrophic disease (Keesing et al., 2010; Tilman, 2012; Washington, 2013). Yet, the planet’s biod ...
... of species diversity decreased productivity, resilience, nutrient cycling, drought tolerance, options for water management, resistance to pests and efficiency of ecosystems while increasing chances of catastrophic disease (Keesing et al., 2010; Tilman, 2012; Washington, 2013). Yet, the planet’s biod ...
Parasitism is ubiquitous and most organisms are host to one or more
... a non-parasite, within a clade with social parasites. Although preliminary, these results, suggest social parasitism has been lost multiple times or evolved more than once within the Megalomyrmex genus. Sequencing additional Megalomyrmex species using COI and a nuclear gene will clarify the relation ...
... a non-parasite, within a clade with social parasites. Although preliminary, these results, suggest social parasitism has been lost multiple times or evolved more than once within the Megalomyrmex genus. Sequencing additional Megalomyrmex species using COI and a nuclear gene will clarify the relation ...
Microbial interactions: from networks to models
... Pairwise relationships: similarity-based network inference. Although there are many subtleties and pitfalls (see below), generally speaking, similarity-based network inference assesses the co-occurrence and/or mutual exclusion pattern of two species over multiple samples using a measure that quantif ...
... Pairwise relationships: similarity-based network inference. Although there are many subtleties and pitfalls (see below), generally speaking, similarity-based network inference assesses the co-occurrence and/or mutual exclusion pattern of two species over multiple samples using a measure that quantif ...
Using Ecological Land Classification
... habitat loss alone and for edge species, decline in population will be less than predicted by habitat loss (Bender et al. 1998). Many articles use more than one source of data so there is a higher certainty in their results because they have both evidence from models and field sampling data. Models ...
... habitat loss alone and for edge species, decline in population will be less than predicted by habitat loss (Bender et al. 1998). Many articles use more than one source of data so there is a higher certainty in their results because they have both evidence from models and field sampling data. Models ...
Trade-offs and Biological Diversity: Integrative Answers to
... Niches define different ecological strategies of organisms, and thus have direct relevance to the framework of trade-offs. For example, a trade-off in competitive ability versus ability to detoxify heavy metals may result in two different ecological strategies or niches for plants – one adapted to he ...
... Niches define different ecological strategies of organisms, and thus have direct relevance to the framework of trade-offs. For example, a trade-off in competitive ability versus ability to detoxify heavy metals may result in two different ecological strategies or niches for plants – one adapted to he ...
Theoretical ecology
Theoretical ecology is the scientific discipline devoted to the study of ecological systems using theoretical methods such as simple conceptual models, mathematical models, computational simulations, and advanced data analysis. Effective models improve understanding of the natural world by revealing how the dynamics of species populations are often based on fundamental biological conditions and processes. Further, the field aims to unify a diverse range of empirical observations by assuming that common, mechanistic processes generate observable phenomena across species and ecological environments. Based on biologically realistic assumptions, theoretical ecologists are able to uncover novel, non-intuitive insights about natural processes. Theoretical results are often verified by empirical and observational studies, revealing the power of theoretical methods in both predicting and understanding the noisy, diverse biological world.The field is broad and includes foundations in applied mathematics, computer science, biology, statistical physics, genetics, chemistry, evolution, and conservation biology. Theoretical ecology aims to explain a diverse range of phenomena in the life sciences, such as population growth and dynamics, fisheries, competition, evolutionary theory, epidemiology, animal behavior and group dynamics, food webs, ecosystems, spatial ecology, and the effects of climate change.Theoretical ecology has further benefited from the advent of fast computing power, allowing the analysis and visualization of large-scale computational simulations of ecological phenomena. Importantly, these modern tools provide quantitative predictions about the effects of human induced environmental change on a diverse variety of ecological phenomena, such as: species invasions, climate change, the effect of fishing and hunting on food network stability, and the global carbon cycle.