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Chapter 5 Notes
Chapter 5 Notes

... In local populations, such as the population of the United States, the number of births, deaths, immigrants, and emigrants affects population size. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. ...
Ecosystems and Living Organisms
Ecosystems and Living Organisms

... In local populations, such as the population of the United States, the number of births, deaths, immigrants, and emigrants affects population size. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. ...
Chapter 5 - Napa Valley College
Chapter 5 - Napa Valley College

... In local populations, such as the population of the United States, the number of births, deaths, immigrants, and emigrants affects population size. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. ...
INVASION DYNAMICS OF CYTISUS SCOPARIUS: A MATRIX
INVASION DYNAMICS OF CYTISUS SCOPARIUS: A MATRIX

... biologists have identified stages and biological processes critical to the viability of threatened or endangered species (Crouse et al. 1987, Menges 1990, Aplet et al. 1994). The same analysis can be done for exotic pest species, with the intention of identifying stages and processes most promising ...
Waterfowl and Wetland Birds Rapid increase in the lower Great
Waterfowl and Wetland Birds Rapid increase in the lower Great

... Data from Long Point do not provide evidence for a long-term change in growth rate, but those estimates were strongly affected by sharp drops in counts in the mid-1990s. These drops were most likely related to decreased winter temperatures (Figure 5) and an unsanctioned localized human control effor ...
Ragnar Arnason*
Ragnar Arnason*

... divided into two main sections. In the first section, a general aggregative ecosystem fishery model is developed and its properties analysed. A major result of this part of the paper is that ecosystem fisheries are very complicated and optimal utilization rules even more so. Nevertheless, a number o ...
PDF
PDF

... Predator-Prey Systems in Pest Management ...
Summary
Summary

... growth of adult individuals. However, the VBGC give poor adjustment in the case of this species by underestimating the value of growth slope during whole investigation period. The VBGC has the disadvantage of not being accurate for describing first growth years with exception for species, which est ...
AP BIOLOGY SUMMER ASSIGNMENT 2013
AP BIOLOGY SUMMER ASSIGNMENT 2013

... 3. Using density independent growth do the following: start with an initial population (N0) = 5, K of 500 and r = 0.5, approximately how long does it take to reach K? What if you change r to r = 0.05? show your work. 4. Using continuous logistic growth, A population of deer with the following criter ...
UNIVERSITAT DE BARCELONA FACULTAT DE BIOLOGIA
UNIVERSITAT DE BARCELONA FACULTAT DE BIOLOGIA

... LIZ 600 size standard (Applied Biosystems) was loaded and run on an ABI 3730xl DNA Analyzer (Applied Biosystems) at the Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research (ICBR) facility at the University of Florida. Four loci were monomorphic and 12 loci required further optimization; therefore, w ...
Adaptive Speciation: Theory and Evolutionary Experiments
Adaptive Speciation: Theory and Evolutionary Experiments

... On the ecology of speciation: Evolutionary branching (evolutionary convergence to fitness minima) is a generic outcome of frequency-dependent interactions due to competition, predation, and mutualism. (First models of evolutionary branching in the late 90’s; to date over 40 publications reporting e ...
Population Structure and Reproduction of the Elongated Tortoise
Population Structure and Reproduction of the Elongated Tortoise

... Shorea obtusa and S. siamensis. Tortoises at Ban Kok village have been protected from exploitation by local people because of their spiritual beliefs, their way of life and the absence of any natural predators capable of killing the adults. Thus, the population size and density of tortoises here is ...
Unit 5 test Answer Section
Unit 5 test Answer Section

... plants at earlier stages of succession, a factor called A) facilitation B) imperturbability C) inhibition D) tolerance E) intolerance On a field trip for a university class you observe an area filled with herbs, grasses, and low shrubs. These are examples of which of the following? A) pioneer specie ...
Estimating the Major Contributors to Environmental
Estimating the Major Contributors to Environmental

... explains the magnitude of the human-imposed impacts on the environment. However, the IPAT formula itself has been criticised due to there being no linear relationship among the variables (de Sherbinin et al., 2007). Thus, York et al., (2003) reshuffled the IPAT identity into the Stochastic Impacts b ...
Balanced harvesting in fisheries: a preliminary analysis of
Balanced harvesting in fisheries: a preliminary analysis of

... recruits) would be expressed, with such models being continually improved as their shortcomings were understood and the models augmented (Godbold et al., 2011; Wilen and Wilen, 2012; Planque et al., 2014). This increasing reliance on models in assessments of ecosystem functions and services is true ...
Evolution in Population Parameters: Density
Evolution in Population Parameters: Density

... merely theoretical curiosities. Yoshida et al. (2003) demonstrated that when experimental populations of a green alga were allowed to evolve in response to grazing by a rotifer, all of the parameters that specified the population dynamics of the rotifer and the alga (damping of oscillations, amplitu ...
Population and Evolutionary Dynamics based on Predator
Population and Evolutionary Dynamics based on Predator

... low. At some point near the 250th generation, both populations increased suddenly and then started to fluctuate significantly. The change in the prey population was larger than that in the predator population in this period. After that, around the 600th generation, the both populations became very l ...
Canada Of lemmings and snowshoe hares: the
Canada Of lemmings and snowshoe hares: the

... Two population oscillations dominate terrestrial community dynamics in northern Canada. In the boreal forest, the snowshoe hare (Lepus americanus) fluctuates in cycles with an 8–10 year periodicity and in tundra regions lemmings typically fluctuate in cycles with a 3–4 year periodicity. I review 60 ...
Predation
Predation

... All these models make a series of simplifying assumptions • A homogenous world in which there are no refuges for the prey or different habitats. • There is one predator species eating one prey species and there are no other species involved in the dynamics of these two populations • Relaxing these ...
View PDF - OMICS International
View PDF - OMICS International

... Multi-Agent systems approach to strategic decision support Considering the above scenario, the combination of decision support and multi-agent systems offers great promise in modelling strategic management applications. MAS models were derived from work in a sub-area of artificial intelligence calle ...
ppt
ppt

... Predation & Parasitism Why study predation & parasitism? A basic-science answer: All organisms are subject to various sources of mortality, including starvation, disease & predation; to ...
(Galaxias fuscus) for conservation purposes
(Galaxias fuscus) for conservation purposes

... Translocating Barred Galaxias to establish viable populations within its natural range (in-situ management) is preferable to captive maintenance (ex-situ management), decreases the extinction risk of Barred Galaxias and enhances the natural recovery rate of existing managed populations. Additionally ...
Wolves–coyotes–foxes: a cascade among carnivores
Wolves–coyotes–foxes: a cascade among carnivores

... consider three possible mechanisms: (1) a simple bottom-up model whereby populations of all three species in each zone increase when conditions are good and decrease when conditions are poor, (2) a habitat specific bottom-up model whereby bottom-up processes have primacy, but these vary according to ...
Why intraspecific trait variation matters in community ecology
Why intraspecific trait variation matters in community ecology

... time. If predators vary in attack or handling rates, then the population’s functional response is not simply f ðR; ā; h̄Þ, as is typically assumed in ecology [48], but instead is the average of individuals’ functional responses f ðR; a; hÞ. Because Equation 1 is concave with respect to a, variation ...
Density Dependence, Evolutionary Optimization, and
Density Dependence, Evolutionary Optimization, and

... the latitudinal gradient in clutch size that provided the initial motivation for life-history studies. That evolutionary responsesand density-dependent responsesare both important features of populations should no longer be an issue. However, the extent to which each of these is responsible for vari ...
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Maximum sustainable yield

In population ecology and economics, maximum sustainable yield or MSY is theoretically, the largest yield (or catch) that can be taken from a species' stock over an indefinite period. Fundamental to the notion of sustainable harvest, the concept of MSY aims to maintain the population size at the point of maximum growth rate by harvesting the individuals that would normally be added to the population, allowing the population to continue to be productive indefinitely. Under the assumption of logistic growth, resource limitation does not constrain individuals’ reproductive rates when populations are small, but because there are few individuals, the overall yield is small. At intermediate population densities, also represented by half the carrying capacity, individuals are able to breed to their maximum rate. At this point, called the maximum sustainable yield, there is a surplus of individuals that can be harvested because growth of the population is at its maximum point due to the large number of reproducing individuals. Above this point, density dependent factors increasingly limit breeding until the population reaches carrying capacity. At this point, there are no surplus individuals to be harvested and yield drops to zero. The maximum sustainable yield is usually higher than the optimum sustainable yield and maximum economic yield.MSY is extensively used for fisheries management. Unlike the logistic (Schaefer) model, MSY has been refined in most modern fisheries models and occurs at around 30% of the unexploited population size. This fraction differs among populations depending on the life history of the species and the age-specific selectivity of the fishing method.However, the approach has been widely criticized as ignoring several key factors involved in fisheries management and has led to the devastating collapse of many fisheries. As a simple calculation, it ignores the size and age of the animal being taken, its reproductive status, and it focuses solely on the species in question, ignoring the damage to the ecosystem caused by the designated level of exploitation and the issue of bycatch. Among conservation biologists it is widely regarded as dangerous and misused.
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