How energy
... The first step of glucose degradation (glycolysis) Complete oxidation of one mole of glucose will generate 686 kcal of heat or energy. In the absence of oxygen, glucose can only be degraded into pyruvate (glycolysis). One mole of glucose only produce two mole of ATP ...
... The first step of glucose degradation (glycolysis) Complete oxidation of one mole of glucose will generate 686 kcal of heat or energy. In the absence of oxygen, glucose can only be degraded into pyruvate (glycolysis). One mole of glucose only produce two mole of ATP ...
Hydrophobic signal molecules
... Cells do not work in isolation but continually ‘talk’ to each other by sending and receiving chemical signals to each other. This process is known as cell signaling Cell signaling has a number of important steps A signaling cell produces a signal molecule The signal molecule is recognised by a tar ...
... Cells do not work in isolation but continually ‘talk’ to each other by sending and receiving chemical signals to each other. This process is known as cell signaling Cell signaling has a number of important steps A signaling cell produces a signal molecule The signal molecule is recognised by a tar ...
2. Genetic code is degenerate（简并性）
... amino acid utilizing ATP to create an aminoacyl adenylate intermediate. Then, the appropriate tRNA displaces the AMP. ...
... amino acid utilizing ATP to create an aminoacyl adenylate intermediate. Then, the appropriate tRNA displaces the AMP. ...
T T PowerPoint
... How an Organism’s Genotype Produces Its Phenotype – An organism’s genotype, its genetic makeup, is the sequence of nucleotide bases in DNA. • The phenotype is the organism’s specific traits (or what it looks like and how it functions), which arise from the actions of a wide variety of proteins. ...
... How an Organism’s Genotype Produces Its Phenotype – An organism’s genotype, its genetic makeup, is the sequence of nucleotide bases in DNA. • The phenotype is the organism’s specific traits (or what it looks like and how it functions), which arise from the actions of a wide variety of proteins. ...
Protein Synthesis Worksheet
... 13. tRNA uses (anticodons/codons) to match to the mRNA. 14. Proteins are made at the (nucleus/ribosome). 15. (tRNA/mRNA) attaches the amino acids into a chain. 16. tRNA is found in the (nucleus/cytoplasm). 17. (Translation/Transcription) converts mRNA into a protein. 18. Translation takes place in t ...
... 13. tRNA uses (anticodons/codons) to match to the mRNA. 14. Proteins are made at the (nucleus/ribosome). 15. (tRNA/mRNA) attaches the amino acids into a chain. 16. tRNA is found in the (nucleus/cytoplasm). 17. (Translation/Transcription) converts mRNA into a protein. 18. Translation takes place in t ...
Chapter 9 Lecture Notes
... • Polysaccharides, like starch or glycogen, can be hydrolyzed to glucose monomers that enter glycolysis. ...
... • Polysaccharides, like starch or glycogen, can be hydrolyzed to glucose monomers that enter glycolysis. ...
How do organisms maintain homeostasis?
... Students will evidence knowledge of the basic concepts & interrelationships between the life & physical sciences, & be able to apply scientific skills, processes, & methods of inquiry to real world settings. Enduring Understandings: * Science is a process. It is a way of knowing, based on curiosity, ...
... Students will evidence knowledge of the basic concepts & interrelationships between the life & physical sciences, & be able to apply scientific skills, processes, & methods of inquiry to real world settings. Enduring Understandings: * Science is a process. It is a way of knowing, based on curiosity, ...
Title: Author - Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
... which were produced by the pyruvate dehydrogenase or by reactions of citric acid cycle could be oxidized within mitochondria. The NADH released in a glycolytic reaction (catalyzed by glyceraldehide-3-phosphate-dehidrogenase) requires a transport mechanism, because the inner mitochondrial membrane is ...
... which were produced by the pyruvate dehydrogenase or by reactions of citric acid cycle could be oxidized within mitochondria. The NADH released in a glycolytic reaction (catalyzed by glyceraldehide-3-phosphate-dehidrogenase) requires a transport mechanism, because the inner mitochondrial membrane is ...
Cell Energy
... ATP: Adenosine Triphosphate • Molecule that delivers immediately available energy to run cellular processes (active transport, movement, mitosis, production of proteins etc.) • All other food/energy molecules (various lipids, carbs, proteins) are converted into ATP through enzyme machinery in cells/ ...
... ATP: Adenosine Triphosphate • Molecule that delivers immediately available energy to run cellular processes (active transport, movement, mitosis, production of proteins etc.) • All other food/energy molecules (various lipids, carbs, proteins) are converted into ATP through enzyme machinery in cells/ ...
Cellular Respiration
... yields two ATP • Aerobic respiration yields 36 ATP • Bacteria do not need much ATP • You depend on the aerobic pathway ...
... yields two ATP • Aerobic respiration yields 36 ATP • Bacteria do not need much ATP • You depend on the aerobic pathway ...
Keystone Countdown
... 11. contains enzymes that detoxify cells? 12. The three parts of the cell theory are? 13. What are some differences between plant and animal cells? ...
... 11. contains enzymes that detoxify cells? 12. The three parts of the cell theory are? 13. What are some differences between plant and animal cells? ...
Regulation of fatty acid synthesis and degradation by the AMP
... Delta-6 desaturase (D6D) and delta-5 desaturase (D5D) are the key enzymes for this endogenous synthesis of both n-6 and n-3 HUFA. The mRNA of D 6 D and D 5 D were expressed in many extrahepatic tissues, suggesting an active synthesis of HUFA in multiple organs. In liver, activities of both D6D and D ...
... Delta-6 desaturase (D6D) and delta-5 desaturase (D5D) are the key enzymes for this endogenous synthesis of both n-6 and n-3 HUFA. The mRNA of D 6 D and D 5 D were expressed in many extrahepatic tissues, suggesting an active synthesis of HUFA in multiple organs. In liver, activities of both D6D and D ...
F.Y. B.Sc. - Vocational Biotechnology
... of fusion, melting point, and boiling point. Carbohydrates: Definition, classification, monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharide and their functions. Amino acids and proteins: Definition, properties and classification of amino acids. Definition, physical and chemical properties of proteins ...
... of fusion, melting point, and boiling point. Carbohydrates: Definition, classification, monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharide and their functions. Amino acids and proteins: Definition, properties and classification of amino acids. Definition, physical and chemical properties of proteins ...
Chapter 3
... What do mitochondria do and what do they look like? • A highly folded organelle in eukaryotic cells • Produces energy in the form of ATP • They are thought to be derived from an engulfed prokaryotic cell ...
... What do mitochondria do and what do they look like? • A highly folded organelle in eukaryotic cells • Produces energy in the form of ATP • They are thought to be derived from an engulfed prokaryotic cell ...
handout extensive notes
... linkages, the polymer is 2D resembling Amylopectin - principal difference is that the branches are 2x as numerous. Each chain length is 18 -D-glucose residues long. representation of glycogen ...
... linkages, the polymer is 2D resembling Amylopectin - principal difference is that the branches are 2x as numerous. Each chain length is 18 -D-glucose residues long. representation of glycogen ...
Lecture3
... The major difference between ruminant and non-ruminant is the fermentation on microbial digestion in the recticulo-rumen where feed or food stays for a longer time in the alimentary tract (Digestive tract i.e GIT). The rumen micro-organism produce proteolitic enzymes which hydrolyse, the dietary pro ...
... The major difference between ruminant and non-ruminant is the fermentation on microbial digestion in the recticulo-rumen where feed or food stays for a longer time in the alimentary tract (Digestive tract i.e GIT). The rumen micro-organism produce proteolitic enzymes which hydrolyse, the dietary pro ...
Enzymes: Biological Catalysts
... Complex molecules broken down to simpler ones & release energy. b. Anabolic: Building larger molecules fr. Smaller ones (energy input) ...
... Complex molecules broken down to simpler ones & release energy. b. Anabolic: Building larger molecules fr. Smaller ones (energy input) ...
Kinetic proofreading - Weizmann Institute of Science
... Fluorescently labeled tRNA molecules. Antibiotic inhibitors of tRNA selection. Nonhydrolizable GTP analogues. Enzymatically and chemically altered ribosome complexes GTPase activity stimulation Codon recognition (different rates, k3, for cognate state and non-cognate) GTP hydrolysis Phosphate releas ...
... Fluorescently labeled tRNA molecules. Antibiotic inhibitors of tRNA selection. Nonhydrolizable GTP analogues. Enzymatically and chemically altered ribosome complexes GTPase activity stimulation Codon recognition (different rates, k3, for cognate state and non-cognate) GTP hydrolysis Phosphate releas ...
DNA Biology
... The 5' end of each strand has a free phosphate group attached to the 5' carbon of the pentose sugar. The 3' end has a free hydroxyl group attached to the 3' carbon of the pentose sugar. ...
... The 5' end of each strand has a free phosphate group attached to the 5' carbon of the pentose sugar. The 3' end has a free hydroxyl group attached to the 3' carbon of the pentose sugar. ...
Cells - Life Learning Cloud
... − a nucleus which controls the activities of the cell − cytoplasm in which most of the chemical reactions take place − a cell membrane which controls the passage of substances in and out of the cell − mitochondria, which is where most energy is released inrespiration − ribosomes, which is where prot ...
... − a nucleus which controls the activities of the cell − cytoplasm in which most of the chemical reactions take place − a cell membrane which controls the passage of substances in and out of the cell − mitochondria, which is where most energy is released inrespiration − ribosomes, which is where prot ...
Comments on metabolic needs for glucose and the role of
... 1976) and such a store must re¯ect unique metabolic properties of carbohydrates. It is often stated that carbohydrate provides a rapidly mobilizable energy source. This is certainly true: the branching of glycogen together with the fact that multiple glycogen phosphorylase molecules can be simultane ...
... 1976) and such a store must re¯ect unique metabolic properties of carbohydrates. It is often stated that carbohydrate provides a rapidly mobilizable energy source. This is certainly true: the branching of glycogen together with the fact that multiple glycogen phosphorylase molecules can be simultane ...
Nutrient Utilization in Swine
... Ten of the 20 amino acids can be synthesized within the pig’s body in sufficient quantities and are referred to as non-essential amino acids. The other ten amino acids that cannot be synthesized or cannot be synthesized at a sufficient rate to enable optimal growth or reproduction must be provided i ...
... Ten of the 20 amino acids can be synthesized within the pig’s body in sufficient quantities and are referred to as non-essential amino acids. The other ten amino acids that cannot be synthesized or cannot be synthesized at a sufficient rate to enable optimal growth or reproduction must be provided i ...
Biochemistry
_and_Carl_Ferdinand_Cori.jpg?width=300)
Biochemistry, sometimes called biological chemistry, is the study of chemical processes within and relating to living organisms. By controlling information flow through biochemical signaling and the flow of chemical energy through metabolism, biochemical processes give rise to the complexity of life. Over the last decades of the 20th century, biochemistry has become so successful at explaining living processes that now almost all areas of the life sciences from botany to medicine to genetics are engaged in biochemical research. Today, the main focus of pure biochemistry is in understanding how biological molecules give rise to the processes that occur within living cells, which in turn relates greatly to the study and understanding of whole organisms.Biochemistry is closely related to molecular biology, the study of the molecular mechanisms by which genetic information encoded in DNA is able to result in the processes of life. Depending on the exact definition of the terms used, molecular biology can be thought of as a branch of biochemistry, or biochemistry as a tool with which to investigate and study molecular biology.Much of biochemistry deals with the structures, functions and interactions of biological macromolecules, such as proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates and lipids, which provide the structure of cells and perform many of the functions associated with life. The chemistry of the cell also depends on the reactions of smaller molecules and ions. These can be inorganic, for example water and metal ions, or organic, for example the amino acids which are used to synthesize proteins. The mechanisms by which cells harness energy from their environment via chemical reactions are known as metabolism. The findings of biochemistry are applied primarily in medicine, nutrition, and agriculture. In medicine, biochemists investigate the causes and cures of disease. In nutrition, they study how to maintain health and study the effects of nutritional deficiencies. In agriculture, biochemists investigate soil and fertilizers, and try to discover ways to improve crop cultivation, crop storage and pest control.