to a LOWER concentration
... In a way a cell is like a miniature version of you. It requires nutrients and, in the process of breaking down the nutrients, the cell produces wastes. So there has to be a way to get nutrients in and wastes out. ...
... In a way a cell is like a miniature version of you. It requires nutrients and, in the process of breaking down the nutrients, the cell produces wastes. So there has to be a way to get nutrients in and wastes out. ...
Assignment 5 (Perl Project 2)
... A DNA string, which we will also call a DNA strand, is a nite sequence of the lowercase letters a, c, g, and t in any order. For example, acgtacccggttt is a small DNA strand. The four letters stand for the four nucleotides : adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine. Nucleotides, which are the molecu ...
... A DNA string, which we will also call a DNA strand, is a nite sequence of the lowercase letters a, c, g, and t in any order. For example, acgtacccggttt is a small DNA strand. The four letters stand for the four nucleotides : adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine. Nucleotides, which are the molecu ...
INTRODUCTORY QUESTIONS
... When do organisms grow? Organisms grow when they eat more food than their body needs for energy. Their body then may change its form by increasing in size, weight or shape. Give an example of an organism. ...
... When do organisms grow? Organisms grow when they eat more food than their body needs for energy. Their body then may change its form by increasing in size, weight or shape. Give an example of an organism. ...
Cellular Respiration and Fermentation
... therefore believed to be ancient in origin. What can be said about the origin of the citric acid cycle, the electron transport chain, and the F1 ATPase? ...
... therefore believed to be ancient in origin. What can be said about the origin of the citric acid cycle, the electron transport chain, and the F1 ATPase? ...
2–4 Chemical Reactions and Enzymes
... absorbed whenever chemical bonds form or are broken. Chemical reactions that release energy often occur spontaneously. Energy may be released as light, heat, and/or sound. ...
... absorbed whenever chemical bonds form or are broken. Chemical reactions that release energy often occur spontaneously. Energy may be released as light, heat, and/or sound. ...
translation
... DNA is in extremely long, bunched up strands that are too big to pass through the pores in the nucleus. The DNA is the cell’s master plan, and if it’s getting roughed up and zooming around through the cytoplasm, it’s accumulating damage. This will result in cell dysfunction and death, and the de ...
... DNA is in extremely long, bunched up strands that are too big to pass through the pores in the nucleus. The DNA is the cell’s master plan, and if it’s getting roughed up and zooming around through the cytoplasm, it’s accumulating damage. This will result in cell dysfunction and death, and the de ...
Part 1
... thereof. For example, an organism with G + C content of 50% will not be closely related to an organism whose G + C content is 25% The order of bases along a strand of DNA or RNA is known as the base sequence, and the extent to which sequences are similar (homologous) between two microorganisms can b ...
... thereof. For example, an organism with G + C content of 50% will not be closely related to an organism whose G + C content is 25% The order of bases along a strand of DNA or RNA is known as the base sequence, and the extent to which sequences are similar (homologous) between two microorganisms can b ...
Movement through cell membranes
... • Tissue fluid forms when water and small dissolved substances are forced out through thin porous walls of blood capillaries, but larger particles are left • Force of this movement comes from blood pressure, generated by a higher pressure inside the heart, less pressure outside the heart. ...
... • Tissue fluid forms when water and small dissolved substances are forced out through thin porous walls of blood capillaries, but larger particles are left • Force of this movement comes from blood pressure, generated by a higher pressure inside the heart, less pressure outside the heart. ...
Biochemical Thermodynamics - Illinois Institute of Technology
... Nineteen of the twenty ribosomally encoded amino acids fit this form The only variation is in the identity of the R group (the side chain extending off the alpha carbon) Complexity ranging from glycine (R=H) to tryptophan (R=-CH2-indole) Note that we sometimes care about -amino acids that aren’t ri ...
... Nineteen of the twenty ribosomally encoded amino acids fit this form The only variation is in the identity of the R group (the side chain extending off the alpha carbon) Complexity ranging from glycine (R=H) to tryptophan (R=-CH2-indole) Note that we sometimes care about -amino acids that aren’t ri ...
... Choice B: PFK-1 in glycolysis and fructose-bis-phosphatase-1 in gluconeogenesis are regulated both by energy sensing as well as by hormones. Briefly explain how these two pathways are regulated by one of these regulatory methods. You need not discuss how the levels of F2,6P are regulated, by you sho ...
Digital Coding of Amino Acids Based on Hydrophobic Index
... strings. It would act like a snail’s pace for human beings to read these sequences with the naked eyes. Also, it is very hard to extract any key features by directly reading these long character strings. However, if they can be converted to some signal process, many important features can be automat ...
... strings. It would act like a snail’s pace for human beings to read these sequences with the naked eyes. Also, it is very hard to extract any key features by directly reading these long character strings. However, if they can be converted to some signal process, many important features can be automat ...
Lesson 4.Protein
... The nonpolar amino acids include all those with alkyl chain R groups (alanine, valine, leucine, and isoleucine), as well as proline (with its unusual cyclic structure), methionine (one of the two sulfur-containing amino acids), and two aromatic amino acids, phenylalanine and tryptophan. Tryptophan i ...
... The nonpolar amino acids include all those with alkyl chain R groups (alanine, valine, leucine, and isoleucine), as well as proline (with its unusual cyclic structure), methionine (one of the two sulfur-containing amino acids), and two aromatic amino acids, phenylalanine and tryptophan. Tryptophan i ...
Chapter 19
... Oxidative decarboxylation of isocitrate to a-ketoglutarate (a metabolically irreversible reaction) One of four oxidation-reduction reactions of the cycle Hydride ion from the C-2 of isocitrate is transferred to NAD+ to ...
... Oxidative decarboxylation of isocitrate to a-ketoglutarate (a metabolically irreversible reaction) One of four oxidation-reduction reactions of the cycle Hydride ion from the C-2 of isocitrate is transferred to NAD+ to ...
Macromolecule Virtual Lab
... 2. How do you know? Analysis Questions (use information from this website, or search other websites for the answers) 1. What is the purpose of this lab? 2. How are the reagents (chemical indicators) useful in determining which macromolecules are present? 3. List one major thing you learned by perfor ...
... 2. How do you know? Analysis Questions (use information from this website, or search other websites for the answers) 1. What is the purpose of this lab? 2. How are the reagents (chemical indicators) useful in determining which macromolecules are present? 3. List one major thing you learned by perfor ...
Harvesting Electrons from the Citric Acid Cycle
... Oxidative decarboxylation of isocitrate to a-ketoglutarate (a metabolically irreversible reaction) One of four oxidation-reduction reactions of the cycle Hydride ion from the C-2 of isocitrate is transferred to NAD+ to ...
... Oxidative decarboxylation of isocitrate to a-ketoglutarate (a metabolically irreversible reaction) One of four oxidation-reduction reactions of the cycle Hydride ion from the C-2 of isocitrate is transferred to NAD+ to ...
The Process Whereby Your Genes Make Your Proteins
... carboxyl group (COOH or COO-), which is what makes a compound an acid (therefore the name “amino acid”). Note also that they all also have a side chain (also called an organic group, an R group, or a functional group), and that each amino acid’s side chain is different from the other amino acids’ si ...
... carboxyl group (COOH or COO-), which is what makes a compound an acid (therefore the name “amino acid”). Note also that they all also have a side chain (also called an organic group, an R group, or a functional group), and that each amino acid’s side chain is different from the other amino acids’ si ...
Gene expression: Translation
... 2:00 PM, Cox 126 Next topics to be covered DNA mutation & repair – read on your own (no lecture 20th or 22nd) Transposable Elements – to resume 27 Sept ...
... 2:00 PM, Cox 126 Next topics to be covered DNA mutation & repair – read on your own (no lecture 20th or 22nd) Transposable Elements – to resume 27 Sept ...
PROTEINS Dr Mervat Salah Dept of Nutrition
... is to determine what per cent of their energy value is supplied by their protein content. This is known as Protein – Energy Ratio (PE ratio or percentage). PE per cent = Energy from protein x 100 Total energy in diet ...
... is to determine what per cent of their energy value is supplied by their protein content. This is known as Protein – Energy Ratio (PE ratio or percentage). PE per cent = Energy from protein x 100 Total energy in diet ...
Chapter 8
... • NADH passes the electrons to the electron transport chain • Unlike an uncontrolled reaction, the electron transport chain passes electrons in a series of steps instead of one explosive reaction • Oxygen pulls electrons down the chain in an energy-yielding tumble • The energy yielded is used to re ...
... • NADH passes the electrons to the electron transport chain • Unlike an uncontrolled reaction, the electron transport chain passes electrons in a series of steps instead of one explosive reaction • Oxygen pulls electrons down the chain in an energy-yielding tumble • The energy yielded is used to re ...
BMB 401 Summer, 2017 Comprehensive Biochemistry
... • All bags, backpacks and other personal items will be placed at the front of the room for exams. • Students must arrive on time for exams. Anyone late by more than 15 minutes may be refused to take the exam. • No headphones will be allowed. All cell phones, (besides mine) and other electronic equip ...
... • All bags, backpacks and other personal items will be placed at the front of the room for exams. • Students must arrive on time for exams. Anyone late by more than 15 minutes may be refused to take the exam. • No headphones will be allowed. All cell phones, (besides mine) and other electronic equip ...
Glycolysis
... 1) Inherited enzyme deficiencies of glycolysis - Pyruvate kinase deficiency; it genetic deficiency of this enzyme in the erythrocytes lead to hemolytic anemia (excess destruction of RBC) - The normal RBC lacks the mitochondria and it is completely depend on the glycolysis as source of energy. - The ...
... 1) Inherited enzyme deficiencies of glycolysis - Pyruvate kinase deficiency; it genetic deficiency of this enzyme in the erythrocytes lead to hemolytic anemia (excess destruction of RBC) - The normal RBC lacks the mitochondria and it is completely depend on the glycolysis as source of energy. - The ...
Biochemistry
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Biochemistry, sometimes called biological chemistry, is the study of chemical processes within and relating to living organisms. By controlling information flow through biochemical signaling and the flow of chemical energy through metabolism, biochemical processes give rise to the complexity of life. Over the last decades of the 20th century, biochemistry has become so successful at explaining living processes that now almost all areas of the life sciences from botany to medicine to genetics are engaged in biochemical research. Today, the main focus of pure biochemistry is in understanding how biological molecules give rise to the processes that occur within living cells, which in turn relates greatly to the study and understanding of whole organisms.Biochemistry is closely related to molecular biology, the study of the molecular mechanisms by which genetic information encoded in DNA is able to result in the processes of life. Depending on the exact definition of the terms used, molecular biology can be thought of as a branch of biochemistry, or biochemistry as a tool with which to investigate and study molecular biology.Much of biochemistry deals with the structures, functions and interactions of biological macromolecules, such as proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates and lipids, which provide the structure of cells and perform many of the functions associated with life. The chemistry of the cell also depends on the reactions of smaller molecules and ions. These can be inorganic, for example water and metal ions, or organic, for example the amino acids which are used to synthesize proteins. The mechanisms by which cells harness energy from their environment via chemical reactions are known as metabolism. The findings of biochemistry are applied primarily in medicine, nutrition, and agriculture. In medicine, biochemists investigate the causes and cures of disease. In nutrition, they study how to maintain health and study the effects of nutritional deficiencies. In agriculture, biochemists investigate soil and fertilizers, and try to discover ways to improve crop cultivation, crop storage and pest control.