ADP: adenine diphosphate. The low-energy form of ATP. Contains
... the high-energy form, ATP. Occurs on the cristae of the mitochondrion. Phagocytosis: the process whereby a substance is engulphed by the cell membrane and thus taken into the cell. It differs from endocytosis only in the size of particles engulphed. Phospholipids: compounds derived from the three-ca ...
... the high-energy form, ATP. Occurs on the cristae of the mitochondrion. Phagocytosis: the process whereby a substance is engulphed by the cell membrane and thus taken into the cell. It differs from endocytosis only in the size of particles engulphed. Phospholipids: compounds derived from the three-ca ...
Cellular Respiration - Cathkin High School
... The electron transport chain is a collection of proteins attached to the folded inner membranes of the mitochondria. NADH and FADH2 release the high-energy electrons to the electron transport chain where they pass along the chain, releasing energy. The energy is used to pump H ions across the ...
... The electron transport chain is a collection of proteins attached to the folded inner membranes of the mitochondria. NADH and FADH2 release the high-energy electrons to the electron transport chain where they pass along the chain, releasing energy. The energy is used to pump H ions across the ...
Excretory System: Practice Questions #1
... The diagram represents a microscopic view of a functional unit of a kidney. In a kidney, which blood component would not usually pass through the membranes from region A to region B? A. B. C. D. ...
... The diagram represents a microscopic view of a functional unit of a kidney. In a kidney, which blood component would not usually pass through the membranes from region A to region B? A. B. C. D. ...
Test 1
... 2. (10 points) Some proteins contain added chemical groups or cofactors that give them added chemical reactivity. One such cofactor is NAD+ or nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. Our body cannot synthesize this cofactor so it must be obtained in our diet as the vitamin riboflavin. Below is the struct ...
... 2. (10 points) Some proteins contain added chemical groups or cofactors that give them added chemical reactivity. One such cofactor is NAD+ or nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. Our body cannot synthesize this cofactor so it must be obtained in our diet as the vitamin riboflavin. Below is the struct ...
chapt 3 The Molecules of Cells
... – carbonyl group—a carbon linked by a double bond to an oxygen atom, – carboxyl group—consists of a carbon double-bonded to both an oxygen and a hydroxyl group, – amino group—composed of a nitrogen bonded to two hydrogen atoms and the carbon skeleton, and – phosphate group—consists of a phosphorus a ...
... – carbonyl group—a carbon linked by a double bond to an oxygen atom, – carboxyl group—consists of a carbon double-bonded to both an oxygen and a hydroxyl group, – amino group—composed of a nitrogen bonded to two hydrogen atoms and the carbon skeleton, and – phosphate group—consists of a phosphorus a ...
3 Physio Enzymes and Glycolysis
... can be used by the body as an energy source, glycolysis operates only on carbohydrates • Glycolysis is an anaerobic process • During glycolysis: – Glucose is broken down to two molecules of pyruvic acid (pyruvate) – Energy carrier molecules are reduced, producing ATP and NADH + H+ ...
... can be used by the body as an energy source, glycolysis operates only on carbohydrates • Glycolysis is an anaerobic process • During glycolysis: – Glucose is broken down to two molecules of pyruvic acid (pyruvate) – Energy carrier molecules are reduced, producing ATP and NADH + H+ ...
462a Reading and Homework Assignment 3
... (through orbital alignment). Why are cis peptide bonds rarely seen in proteins? Why are cis peptide bonds more common for prolines than for other amino acids? Steric clash limits cis peptide bonds in most amino acids. In prolines, there is less difference in terms of cis and trans conformations, s ...
... (through orbital alignment). Why are cis peptide bonds rarely seen in proteins? Why are cis peptide bonds more common for prolines than for other amino acids? Steric clash limits cis peptide bonds in most amino acids. In prolines, there is less difference in terms of cis and trans conformations, s ...
CHEM 527 Final exam, Fall 2006 NAME
... Please give concise answers - if there isn’t much space allotted - a short answer is appropriate. ...
... Please give concise answers - if there isn’t much space allotted - a short answer is appropriate. ...
Worksheet: Lewis Structure, Resonance, VSEPR, Molecular Polarity
... 5) For a molecule AX3 with four VSEPR electron groups on the central atom A, the bond angle ∠X-A-X is closest to A) 90° B) 180° C) 120° D) 109.5° ...
... 5) For a molecule AX3 with four VSEPR electron groups on the central atom A, the bond angle ∠X-A-X is closest to A) 90° B) 180° C) 120° D) 109.5° ...
METABOLISM CATABOLISM AND ANABOLISM ATP MOLECULE
... what remains is keto acid and may be converted to pyruvic acid, acetyl-CoA, or one of the acids of the citric acid cycle during shortage of amino acids, citric acid cycle intermediates can be aminated and converted to amino acids in gluconeogenesis, keto acids are used to synthesis glucose ...
... what remains is keto acid and may be converted to pyruvic acid, acetyl-CoA, or one of the acids of the citric acid cycle during shortage of amino acids, citric acid cycle intermediates can be aminated and converted to amino acids in gluconeogenesis, keto acids are used to synthesis glucose ...
Cells - SchoolRack
... – takes fluid from the spaces between cells and returns it to the circulatory system. It also filters bacteria and other microorganisms from this fluid. Reproductive – produces gamete cells (males = sperm, females = eggs) Respiratory – moves oxygen into the body and carbon dioxide out of the ...
... – takes fluid from the spaces between cells and returns it to the circulatory system. It also filters bacteria and other microorganisms from this fluid. Reproductive – produces gamete cells (males = sperm, females = eggs) Respiratory – moves oxygen into the body and carbon dioxide out of the ...
1. The term peptidyltransferase relates to A. base additions during
... 6. Please describe the Base excision repair in E. coli. (5%) 7. Please describe the role played by RecABCD proteins in E. coli. (5%) 8. How does a retrovirus complete its life cycle? (5%) 9. Explain why E. coli lacZ is often used as a reporter gene in yeast cells but not in E. coli cells. (5 %) 10. ...
... 6. Please describe the Base excision repair in E. coli. (5%) 7. Please describe the role played by RecABCD proteins in E. coli. (5%) 8. How does a retrovirus complete its life cycle? (5%) 9. Explain why E. coli lacZ is often used as a reporter gene in yeast cells but not in E. coli cells. (5 %) 10. ...
MPB IPG - E
... D) scanning electron microscope (SEM) 9. An amino sugar called N-acetylmuramic acid is an important building block of the cell wall of some bacteria. Penicillin prevents this amino sugar from being incorporated into the bacterial cell wall. Therefore, A) penicillin affects bacteria but not eukaryot ...
... D) scanning electron microscope (SEM) 9. An amino sugar called N-acetylmuramic acid is an important building block of the cell wall of some bacteria. Penicillin prevents this amino sugar from being incorporated into the bacterial cell wall. Therefore, A) penicillin affects bacteria but not eukaryot ...
Microbial Metabolism - ASAB-NUST
... • In procaryotes, they are located in the cytoplasmic matrix. • In eucaryotes they are found in the mitochondrial matrix. • The complete cycle appears to be functional in many aerobic bacteria, free-living protists, and fungi. ...
... • In procaryotes, they are located in the cytoplasmic matrix. • In eucaryotes they are found in the mitochondrial matrix. • The complete cycle appears to be functional in many aerobic bacteria, free-living protists, and fungi. ...
Scheme of work for Chapter 7, Nucleic acids and proteins
... polysomes and start and stop codons; draw a peptide bond between two amino acids and state that free ribosomes synthesize protein for use in the cell ...
... polysomes and start and stop codons; draw a peptide bond between two amino acids and state that free ribosomes synthesize protein for use in the cell ...
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)
... 2. In photosynthesis, light energy is converted into ___________ energy. This is called ___________________. 3. In what organelle does photosynthesis occur? 4. On what part of the chloroplast does the light dependant reaction take place? What are the four products of the reaction? 5. What is another ...
... 2. In photosynthesis, light energy is converted into ___________ energy. This is called ___________________. 3. In what organelle does photosynthesis occur? 4. On what part of the chloroplast does the light dependant reaction take place? What are the four products of the reaction? 5. What is another ...
Metabolism part 2
... to CO2. In other words, all 4 Cs and the O from the acetyl CoA are lost as CO2 by the time it is finished with the TCA cycle. • 1 ATP is made per Acetyl CoA molecule that enters the TCA Cycle. So a total of 2 ATP are made during the TCA Cycle per molecule of glucose. • Once the C and O are gone, the ...
... to CO2. In other words, all 4 Cs and the O from the acetyl CoA are lost as CO2 by the time it is finished with the TCA cycle. • 1 ATP is made per Acetyl CoA molecule that enters the TCA Cycle. So a total of 2 ATP are made during the TCA Cycle per molecule of glucose. • Once the C and O are gone, the ...
Cellular Respiration
... The Krebs cycle completes the breakdown of sugar It occurs inside the mitochondria In the Krebs cycle, pyruvic acid from glycolysis is first “prepped” into a usable form by combining it with enzyme Co-A to make ...
... The Krebs cycle completes the breakdown of sugar It occurs inside the mitochondria In the Krebs cycle, pyruvic acid from glycolysis is first “prepped” into a usable form by combining it with enzyme Co-A to make ...
Chemistry 221 - Oregon State chemistry
... with water molecules, so making it highly soluble in water. This allows the glucose fuel to be transported easily within biological systems, for example in the bloodstream of animals or the sap of plants. An adult has 5-6 grams of glucose in the blood (about 1 teaspoon), which will supply the body' ...
... with water molecules, so making it highly soluble in water. This allows the glucose fuel to be transported easily within biological systems, for example in the bloodstream of animals or the sap of plants. An adult has 5-6 grams of glucose in the blood (about 1 teaspoon), which will supply the body' ...
Name: Honors Biology Midterm Review Packet Mrs. Sands Chapter
... B. Completion: Complete the paragraph below by filling in the missing blanks from the word bank below. Chemical reactions are essential in the conversion of energy from one form to another. Plants convert energy from light during the process of ________________ to make glucose. This demonstrates the ...
... B. Completion: Complete the paragraph below by filling in the missing blanks from the word bank below. Chemical reactions are essential in the conversion of energy from one form to another. Plants convert energy from light during the process of ________________ to make glucose. This demonstrates the ...
Fatty Acid Degradation Catabolism Overview TAG and FA
... • Odd chain fatty acids – Rare, but do occur in diet – One of 2 requirements for Vitamin B12 (cobalamine) in human diet ...
... • Odd chain fatty acids – Rare, but do occur in diet – One of 2 requirements for Vitamin B12 (cobalamine) in human diet ...
Amino Acid Analysis
... correct for losses that may occur during sample transfers, drying etc. After hydrolysis, the HCl is dried in a Speedvac and the resulting amino acids dissolved in 100 µl Beckman sample buffer that contains 2 nmol homoserine with the latter acting as a second internal standard to independently monito ...
... correct for losses that may occur during sample transfers, drying etc. After hydrolysis, the HCl is dried in a Speedvac and the resulting amino acids dissolved in 100 µl Beckman sample buffer that contains 2 nmol homoserine with the latter acting as a second internal standard to independently monito ...
Biochemistry
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Biochemistry, sometimes called biological chemistry, is the study of chemical processes within and relating to living organisms. By controlling information flow through biochemical signaling and the flow of chemical energy through metabolism, biochemical processes give rise to the complexity of life. Over the last decades of the 20th century, biochemistry has become so successful at explaining living processes that now almost all areas of the life sciences from botany to medicine to genetics are engaged in biochemical research. Today, the main focus of pure biochemistry is in understanding how biological molecules give rise to the processes that occur within living cells, which in turn relates greatly to the study and understanding of whole organisms.Biochemistry is closely related to molecular biology, the study of the molecular mechanisms by which genetic information encoded in DNA is able to result in the processes of life. Depending on the exact definition of the terms used, molecular biology can be thought of as a branch of biochemistry, or biochemistry as a tool with which to investigate and study molecular biology.Much of biochemistry deals with the structures, functions and interactions of biological macromolecules, such as proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates and lipids, which provide the structure of cells and perform many of the functions associated with life. The chemistry of the cell also depends on the reactions of smaller molecules and ions. These can be inorganic, for example water and metal ions, or organic, for example the amino acids which are used to synthesize proteins. The mechanisms by which cells harness energy from their environment via chemical reactions are known as metabolism. The findings of biochemistry are applied primarily in medicine, nutrition, and agriculture. In medicine, biochemists investigate the causes and cures of disease. In nutrition, they study how to maintain health and study the effects of nutritional deficiencies. In agriculture, biochemists investigate soil and fertilizers, and try to discover ways to improve crop cultivation, crop storage and pest control.