Anaerobic Respiration
... electron acceptor is reduced and used as the source of nutrient for cell growth. Dissimilative metabolism: A large amount of the electron acceptor is reduced for energy and the reduced product is excreted into the environment. ...
... electron acceptor is reduced and used as the source of nutrient for cell growth. Dissimilative metabolism: A large amount of the electron acceptor is reduced for energy and the reduced product is excreted into the environment. ...
Brief overview of Bio backgound
... Are much more evolved (have hardly any junk) Viruses have overlapping genes (zipped/compressed) ...
... Are much more evolved (have hardly any junk) Viruses have overlapping genes (zipped/compressed) ...
Lecture Presentation to accompany Principles of Life
... are NOT directly coupled, and therefore we cannot give an exact number of ATP produced • ~ 3ATP per NADH, ~2 ATP per FADH2 ...
... are NOT directly coupled, and therefore we cannot give an exact number of ATP produced • ~ 3ATP per NADH, ~2 ATP per FADH2 ...
Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration PPT
... Need energy to: •move •change shape •repair structure •make new cell parts •transport food ...
... Need energy to: •move •change shape •repair structure •make new cell parts •transport food ...
respiration 4 - Home - KSU Faculty Member websites
... • Without oxygen, citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation cannot work • “Fermentation” metabolizes pyruvate to give some ATP, CO2 and ethanol or lactic acid • Only 4% as efficient as the oxidative phosphorylation, and ethanol and lactic acid ...
... • Without oxygen, citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation cannot work • “Fermentation” metabolizes pyruvate to give some ATP, CO2 and ethanol or lactic acid • Only 4% as efficient as the oxidative phosphorylation, and ethanol and lactic acid ...
Document
... - the heart has low levels of glycogen and little phosphocreatine so it must always have adequate oxygen - in addition to fatty acids the heart also utilizes glucose and ketone bodies as fuel. ...
... - the heart has low levels of glycogen and little phosphocreatine so it must always have adequate oxygen - in addition to fatty acids the heart also utilizes glucose and ketone bodies as fuel. ...
History of Fermentation Processes and Their Fundamental
... Glycolytic degradation of glucose to two lactate (DG = -47.0 kcal/mole) (47/686) X 100 = 6.9 percent of the total energy that can be set free from glucose This does NOT mean anaerobic glycolysis is wasteful, but only incomplete to this point of metabolism! ...
... Glycolytic degradation of glucose to two lactate (DG = -47.0 kcal/mole) (47/686) X 100 = 6.9 percent of the total energy that can be set free from glucose This does NOT mean anaerobic glycolysis is wasteful, but only incomplete to this point of metabolism! ...
From Genes to Proteins - Yale Center for Teaching and Learning
... transcription/translation & miss larger concept about how genotype determines phenotype. – see molecular processes of gene expression as separate from classical genetics/inheritance. ...
... transcription/translation & miss larger concept about how genotype determines phenotype. – see molecular processes of gene expression as separate from classical genetics/inheritance. ...
chapter 6 - Fullfrontalanatomy.com
... Additional Critical Thinking Questions The Process of Science 1. For pyruvic acid to enter the citric acid cycle, it must first be oxidized to acetyl CoA. The acetyl CoA then joins with a molecule of oxaloacetic acid to form citric acid in the citric acid cycle. After one turn of the citric acid cyc ...
... Additional Critical Thinking Questions The Process of Science 1. For pyruvic acid to enter the citric acid cycle, it must first be oxidized to acetyl CoA. The acetyl CoA then joins with a molecule of oxaloacetic acid to form citric acid in the citric acid cycle. After one turn of the citric acid cyc ...
Respiration
... cycle, and electron transport • Respiration occurs in three metabolic stages: glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain & oxidative phosphorylation. • Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm. – It begins catabolism by breaking glucose into two molecules of pyruvate. ...
... cycle, and electron transport • Respiration occurs in three metabolic stages: glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain & oxidative phosphorylation. • Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm. – It begins catabolism by breaking glucose into two molecules of pyruvate. ...
ppt
... Animal cells: glucose synthesis (gluconeogenesis) usually starts with lactate (from anaerobic glycolysis), amino acids (breakdown of proteins), or glycerol (breakdown of lipids): • pyruvate is converted to glucose: • not just reversal of glycolysis; requires more energy for biosynthesis of glucose t ...
... Animal cells: glucose synthesis (gluconeogenesis) usually starts with lactate (from anaerobic glycolysis), amino acids (breakdown of proteins), or glycerol (breakdown of lipids): • pyruvate is converted to glucose: • not just reversal of glycolysis; requires more energy for biosynthesis of glucose t ...
A.) There are three different categories of cellular poisons that affect
... – NADH is oxidized to NAD+ when pyruvate is reduced to lactate – In a sense, pyruvate is serving as an “electron sink,” a place to dispose of the electrons generated by oxidation reactions in glycolysis ...
... – NADH is oxidized to NAD+ when pyruvate is reduced to lactate – In a sense, pyruvate is serving as an “electron sink,” a place to dispose of the electrons generated by oxidation reactions in glycolysis ...
Substrate Level Phosphorylation Substrate level phosphorylation
... •Glycolysis is performed by almost all living things •Glycolysis does not require organelles •Probably evolved in ancient prokaryotes before there was oxygen in the atmosphere •Oldest bacterial fossils date to 3.5 bya, while scientists believe oxygen was not present until 2.7 bya •Heterotroph Hypoth ...
... •Glycolysis is performed by almost all living things •Glycolysis does not require organelles •Probably evolved in ancient prokaryotes before there was oxygen in the atmosphere •Oldest bacterial fossils date to 3.5 bya, while scientists believe oxygen was not present until 2.7 bya •Heterotroph Hypoth ...
Summary of Metabolic Pathways
... • Breakdown of complex molecules to simpler molecules with release of energy is termed catabolism. -Breakdown of carbohydrates yields glucose and other sugars that can be oxidized to acetyl groups, which may be converted to carbon dioxide and water. -Breakdown of proteins yields amino acids, which m ...
... • Breakdown of complex molecules to simpler molecules with release of energy is termed catabolism. -Breakdown of carbohydrates yields glucose and other sugars that can be oxidized to acetyl groups, which may be converted to carbon dioxide and water. -Breakdown of proteins yields amino acids, which m ...
RNA and Protein Synthesis - Port Washington School District
... – How does the message coded in the base sequence of DNA eventually create a protein? – How does the code get out of the nucleus? – What happens at the ribosome that causes amino acids to eventually join to form a protein? ...
... – How does the message coded in the base sequence of DNA eventually create a protein? – How does the code get out of the nucleus? – What happens at the ribosome that causes amino acids to eventually join to form a protein? ...
2-3 DNA to Proteins - Lighthouse Christian Academy
... chromosome so that a copy of the needed gene can be made. This is copy is called RNA (ribonucleic acid). RNA is similar to DNA except it is only one strand. o RNA to Ribosome – The RNA then leaves the nucleus and attaches to a ribosome which “reads” the code on the ...
... chromosome so that a copy of the needed gene can be made. This is copy is called RNA (ribonucleic acid). RNA is similar to DNA except it is only one strand. o RNA to Ribosome – The RNA then leaves the nucleus and attaches to a ribosome which “reads” the code on the ...
ATP-PCr System
... atoms to produce ATP and water. One molecule of glycogen can generate up to 39 molecules of ATP. ...
... atoms to produce ATP and water. One molecule of glycogen can generate up to 39 molecules of ATP. ...
JMT Coffee
... leads to osteoporosis. It also prevents the occurrence of herpes simplex infections, or cold sores. They are called essential amino acids not because they are more important than other amino acids but because it is essential that they are included in the daily diet since they are not produced natu ...
... leads to osteoporosis. It also prevents the occurrence of herpes simplex infections, or cold sores. They are called essential amino acids not because they are more important than other amino acids but because it is essential that they are included in the daily diet since they are not produced natu ...
Krebs and ETC
... Proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates are catabolized to ‘acetyl-CoA’ It can be used to make fat or ATP [ATP] determines what pathway this molecule takes If O2 is present, ‘acetyl CoA’ moves to the Kreb’s Cycle (aerobic respiration) If O2 is NOT present, ‘acetyl CoA’ becomes ‘lactate’ (anaerobic respi ...
... Proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates are catabolized to ‘acetyl-CoA’ It can be used to make fat or ATP [ATP] determines what pathway this molecule takes If O2 is present, ‘acetyl CoA’ moves to the Kreb’s Cycle (aerobic respiration) If O2 is NOT present, ‘acetyl CoA’ becomes ‘lactate’ (anaerobic respi ...
Foundations in Microbiology
... • Organic chemicals – compounds containing both carbon and hydrogen atoms ...
... • Organic chemicals – compounds containing both carbon and hydrogen atoms ...
Evidence for Evolution Review
... 10. Which scientist first proved that lipid membranes could form around proteins and nucleic acids under the conditions of early earth? 11. What is a fossil? Explain one way a fossil might form. 12. Generally, the deeper layers of rock contain younger or older fossils 13. The length of time required ...
... 10. Which scientist first proved that lipid membranes could form around proteins and nucleic acids under the conditions of early earth? 11. What is a fossil? Explain one way a fossil might form. 12. Generally, the deeper layers of rock contain younger or older fossils 13. The length of time required ...
1_Introduction and Importance
... relate to agricultural and biological sciences. Biochemists study plant, animal, and microbial metabolism as well as the structure and biological function of nucleic acids, proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids by using modern techniques such as x-ray crystallography and NMR spectroscopy. Biochemistry ...
... relate to agricultural and biological sciences. Biochemists study plant, animal, and microbial metabolism as well as the structure and biological function of nucleic acids, proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids by using modern techniques such as x-ray crystallography and NMR spectroscopy. Biochemistry ...
Biochemistry
Biochemistry, sometimes called biological chemistry, is the study of chemical processes within and relating to living organisms. By controlling information flow through biochemical signaling and the flow of chemical energy through metabolism, biochemical processes give rise to the complexity of life. Over the last decades of the 20th century, biochemistry has become so successful at explaining living processes that now almost all areas of the life sciences from botany to medicine to genetics are engaged in biochemical research. Today, the main focus of pure biochemistry is in understanding how biological molecules give rise to the processes that occur within living cells, which in turn relates greatly to the study and understanding of whole organisms.Biochemistry is closely related to molecular biology, the study of the molecular mechanisms by which genetic information encoded in DNA is able to result in the processes of life. Depending on the exact definition of the terms used, molecular biology can be thought of as a branch of biochemistry, or biochemistry as a tool with which to investigate and study molecular biology.Much of biochemistry deals with the structures, functions and interactions of biological macromolecules, such as proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates and lipids, which provide the structure of cells and perform many of the functions associated with life. The chemistry of the cell also depends on the reactions of smaller molecules and ions. These can be inorganic, for example water and metal ions, or organic, for example the amino acids which are used to synthesize proteins. The mechanisms by which cells harness energy from their environment via chemical reactions are known as metabolism. The findings of biochemistry are applied primarily in medicine, nutrition, and agriculture. In medicine, biochemists investigate the causes and cures of disease. In nutrition, they study how to maintain health and study the effects of nutritional deficiencies. In agriculture, biochemists investigate soil and fertilizers, and try to discover ways to improve crop cultivation, crop storage and pest control.