- White Rose Research Online
... The 14th November 2016 Kaikōura Earthquake The Mw 7.8 Kaikōura earthquake struck just after midnight on 14th November with an epicenter ~20 km south of the Hope Fault (Figure 1). The earthquake was the most powerful experienced in that area in more than 150 years. Shaking was widely felt throughout ...
... The 14th November 2016 Kaikōura Earthquake The Mw 7.8 Kaikōura earthquake struck just after midnight on 14th November with an epicenter ~20 km south of the Hope Fault (Figure 1). The earthquake was the most powerful experienced in that area in more than 150 years. Shaking was widely felt throughout ...
Faults and Folds
... Folding and Faulting are two features seen in collision mountains. These features occur when stresses are greater than the strength of the rock and the rock deforms. ...
... Folding and Faulting are two features seen in collision mountains. These features occur when stresses are greater than the strength of the rock and the rock deforms. ...
Microseismicity and focal mechanisms at the western termination of
... stresses, than to reactivate faults that strike obliquely to the principal stress axes Key words: continental deformation, faulting, microearthquakes, seismotectonics. ...
... stresses, than to reactivate faults that strike obliquely to the principal stress axes Key words: continental deformation, faulting, microearthquakes, seismotectonics. ...
River history and tectonics
... to indentation by a flat rigid die [12]. Comparison with imagery of the San Andreas fault in California encouraged the estimate of 500–1000 km of eastward displacement of southeast China on the major faults that originate in central China (figure 2). The work has proved to be inspirational, in the Med ...
... to indentation by a flat rigid die [12]. Comparison with imagery of the San Andreas fault in California encouraged the estimate of 500–1000 km of eastward displacement of southeast China on the major faults that originate in central China (figure 2). The work has proved to be inspirational, in the Med ...
On the Correlation between Seismicity Characteristics and S Wave
... tively small events for our analysis. DATA ANALYSIS The zone of the December 26, 2004 Sumatra earth quake. This event, the greatest in the world since 1964, caused a giant tsunami in the Indian Ocean. The after shock area was about 1400 km long. It was a thrust earth quake, a mechanism typical of ...
... tively small events for our analysis. DATA ANALYSIS The zone of the December 26, 2004 Sumatra earth quake. This event, the greatest in the world since 1964, caused a giant tsunami in the Indian Ocean. The after shock area was about 1400 km long. It was a thrust earth quake, a mechanism typical of ...
Foundation RESTLESS EARTH v2014
... (4 marks – June 2007) 4 (c) Earthquakes are another example of tectonic activity. Describe the primary and secondary effects of an earthquake. (4 marks – June 2008) 1 (d) Describe how the effects of an earthquake in a richer area of the world are different from the effects of an earthquake in a poor ...
... (4 marks – June 2007) 4 (c) Earthquakes are another example of tectonic activity. Describe the primary and secondary effects of an earthquake. (4 marks – June 2008) 1 (d) Describe how the effects of an earthquake in a richer area of the world are different from the effects of an earthquake in a poor ...
Prevalence of viscoelastic relaxation after the 2011 Tohoku
... sites nearest to the peak rupture area immediately reversed their direction from coseismic seaward to postseismic landward (Fig. 1b). These data demonstrate that opposing motion begins immediately after the earthquake, a phenomenon previously unknown because of the lack of seafloor observations. The ...
... sites nearest to the peak rupture area immediately reversed their direction from coseismic seaward to postseismic landward (Fig. 1b). These data demonstrate that opposing motion begins immediately after the earthquake, a phenomenon previously unknown because of the lack of seafloor observations. The ...
ag 2211 applied geology
... Plate has collided with the Eurasian Plate to form the Himalaya Mountains. Transform Boundaries occur where two plates slide past one another horizontally. The San Andreas Fault, in California is a transform fault. Plate tectonics explains why earthquakes occur where they do, why volcanoes occur whe ...
... Plate has collided with the Eurasian Plate to form the Himalaya Mountains. Transform Boundaries occur where two plates slide past one another horizontally. The San Andreas Fault, in California is a transform fault. Plate tectonics explains why earthquakes occur where they do, why volcanoes occur whe ...
Assessing intraplate earthquake hazards from satellite geopotential field observations
... the source’s magnetization-to-density ratio essentially relates its vertical derivative gravity anomaly to its reducedto-pole magnetic anomaly. Hence, by Poisson’s relation, these anomalies are spatially coincident when the magnetization is entirely induced, while the level at which they do not conf ...
... the source’s magnetization-to-density ratio essentially relates its vertical derivative gravity anomaly to its reducedto-pole magnetic anomaly. Hence, by Poisson’s relation, these anomalies are spatially coincident when the magnetization is entirely induced, while the level at which they do not conf ...
Earthquake Mechanisms and Plate Tectonics
... Both the largest earthquakes and the majority of large earthquakes occur at subduction zones. Their focal mechanisms re¯ect various aspects of the subduction process. Figure 6 is a composite cartoon showing some of the features observed in different subduction zones. Most of the large, shallow, subd ...
... Both the largest earthquakes and the majority of large earthquakes occur at subduction zones. Their focal mechanisms re¯ect various aspects of the subduction process. Figure 6 is a composite cartoon showing some of the features observed in different subduction zones. Most of the large, shallow, subd ...
A review of structure and tectonics of Kutch basin, western
... dextral slip. Uplifts themselves are extensively affected by secondary faults of different generations, both normal and strike-slip ones as also a few reverse ones. These faults appear to be cogenetic with the primary faults. There are different generations of faults developed during episodic moveme ...
... dextral slip. Uplifts themselves are extensively affected by secondary faults of different generations, both normal and strike-slip ones as also a few reverse ones. These faults appear to be cogenetic with the primary faults. There are different generations of faults developed during episodic moveme ...
Seismic Monitoring
... NIEP operates the national seismic network, consisting of 21 stations connected in real time and 46 free-field strong ground motion K2 seismic stations (Figure 1). Continuous digital acquisition of the seismological data has been carried out since 1991. The real-time seismic network has 9 stations e ...
... NIEP operates the national seismic network, consisting of 21 stations connected in real time and 46 free-field strong ground motion K2 seismic stations (Figure 1). Continuous digital acquisition of the seismological data has been carried out since 1991. The real-time seismic network has 9 stations e ...
Unit 1 Searching for Evidence
... their elevations, however, are not rock but another material. (Remember, the brown color in the shaded relief image represents high elevation, not the surface material.) To compare Greenland and Antarctica with other high regions and find out what this other material is, you will examine block diagr ...
... their elevations, however, are not rock but another material. (Remember, the brown color in the shaded relief image represents high elevation, not the surface material.) To compare Greenland and Antarctica with other high regions and find out what this other material is, you will examine block diagr ...
here
... The pressure of the directly overlying water and the possible influence of water in the cracks explain why in this location earthquakes correlate with ocean tides rather than Earth tides. Although Earth tides in the area appear to be amplified, the effects of variations in ocean pressure from direct ...
... The pressure of the directly overlying water and the possible influence of water in the cracks explain why in this location earthquakes correlate with ocean tides rather than Earth tides. Although Earth tides in the area appear to be amplified, the effects of variations in ocean pressure from direct ...
Click here to check your answer
... Seismic Waves for $500 A major earthquake is more likely to occur along the part of an active fault where no ...
... Seismic Waves for $500 A major earthquake is more likely to occur along the part of an active fault where no ...
Unit 1 - Delmar
... the brown color in the shaded relief image represents high elevation, not the surface material.) To compare Greenland and Antarctica with other high regions and find out what this “other material” is, you will examine block diagrams of the areas. Turn off the Topographic Profiles layer. Turn on the ...
... the brown color in the shaded relief image represents high elevation, not the surface material.) To compare Greenland and Antarctica with other high regions and find out what this “other material” is, you will examine block diagrams of the areas. Turn off the Topographic Profiles layer. Turn on the ...
Walla Walla County Hazard Identification and Vulnerability Analysis
... suddenly, releasing energy in waves that travel through the earth's crust and cause the shaking that we feel during an earthquake. A fault is a fracture or zone of fractures between two blocks of rock. Faults allow the blocks to move relative to each other. This movement may occur rapidly, in the fo ...
... suddenly, releasing energy in waves that travel through the earth's crust and cause the shaking that we feel during an earthquake. A fault is a fracture or zone of fractures between two blocks of rock. Faults allow the blocks to move relative to each other. This movement may occur rapidly, in the fo ...
Inside the Earth
... By 1929, Alfred Wegener’s ideas were all but dismissed. But, Arthur Holmes elaborated on one of Wegener’s hypotheses: thermal convection and the earth’s mantle. Thermal convection states that, as a substance is heated, its density decreases and it rises. Once it cools, its density increases and it f ...
... By 1929, Alfred Wegener’s ideas were all but dismissed. But, Arthur Holmes elaborated on one of Wegener’s hypotheses: thermal convection and the earth’s mantle. Thermal convection states that, as a substance is heated, its density decreases and it rises. Once it cools, its density increases and it f ...
Contemporary stress field in the area of the 2016 Amatrice seismic
... sequence (central Italy) taking into account a large number of earthquakes occurred from August 24 th to October 3rd, 2016. In particular in this paper, we discuss the new stress data from crustal earthquake focal mechanisms selecting those with Magnitude ≥ 4.0; at the same time, we revise the boreh ...
... sequence (central Italy) taking into account a large number of earthquakes occurred from August 24 th to October 3rd, 2016. In particular in this paper, we discuss the new stress data from crustal earthquake focal mechanisms selecting those with Magnitude ≥ 4.0; at the same time, we revise the boreh ...
Moreno, MS
... plate may contribute in releasing the elastic strain accumulated by plate convergence, either during an earthquake as documented in Alaska [Plafker, 1972] and postulated in Japan [Park et al., 2002], New Zealand [Barnes et al., 2002] and Chile [Melnick et al., 2006a] or presumably during the interse ...
... plate may contribute in releasing the elastic strain accumulated by plate convergence, either during an earthquake as documented in Alaska [Plafker, 1972] and postulated in Japan [Park et al., 2002], New Zealand [Barnes et al., 2002] and Chile [Melnick et al., 2006a] or presumably during the interse ...
Geology_Lesson1_Tectonics_stones
... their skeletal structure don’t appear to have been swimmers, and therefore couldn’t have swum from Africa to South America. 3. Identical TREE fossils are found in many now far-flung places. Ttrees are even worse swimmers than big animals, so it is hard to explain their distribution without the conti ...
... their skeletal structure don’t appear to have been swimmers, and therefore couldn’t have swum from Africa to South America. 3. Identical TREE fossils are found in many now far-flung places. Ttrees are even worse swimmers than big animals, so it is hard to explain their distribution without the conti ...
Topic: Rivers
... I know that volcanic eruptions can vary in intensity and type I know details about specific volcanoes in LEDCs & MEDCs I know that LEDCs are less well prepared for eruptions. They often rely on aid when they occur. I know that MEDCs are better prepared for eruptions but that damage can still be seve ...
... I know that volcanic eruptions can vary in intensity and type I know details about specific volcanoes in LEDCs & MEDCs I know that LEDCs are less well prepared for eruptions. They often rely on aid when they occur. I know that MEDCs are better prepared for eruptions but that damage can still be seve ...
Static strain and stress changes in eastern Japan due to... coast of Tohoku Earthquake, as derived from GPS data
... and northern Miyagi regions, but these values did not extend to the south. This might indicate a significant release of concentrated strain in these regions. A strain accumulation period of 225 to 450 years was estimated from the interseismic strain rate and the co-seismic strain magnitude. A small ...
... and northern Miyagi regions, but these values did not extend to the south. This might indicate a significant release of concentrated strain in these regions. A strain accumulation period of 225 to 450 years was estimated from the interseismic strain rate and the co-seismic strain magnitude. A small ...
a printable DOC file version of this HTML document
... Chapter 12 examines the interior structure and composition of earth, which is primarily gleaned from how seismic waves travel through the earth. The various boundaries and layers inside earth are listed and described, including the crust, mantle and core. Chapters 13 and 14 are more in-depth studies ...
... Chapter 12 examines the interior structure and composition of earth, which is primarily gleaned from how seismic waves travel through the earth. The various boundaries and layers inside earth are listed and described, including the crust, mantle and core. Chapters 13 and 14 are more in-depth studies ...
Earthquake
An earthquake (also known as a quake, tremor or temblor) is the perceptible shaking of the surface of the Earth, which can be violent enough to destroy major buildings and kill thousands of people. The severity of the shaking can range from barely felt to violent enough to toss people around. Earthquakes have destroyed whole cities. They result from the sudden release of energy in the Earth's crust that creates seismic waves. The seismicity, seismism or seismic activity of an area refers to the frequency, type and size of earthquakes experienced over a period of time.Earthquakes are measured using observations from seismometers. The moment magnitude is the most common scale on which earthquakes larger than approximately 5 are reported for the entire globe. The more numerous earthquakes smaller than magnitude 5 reported by national seismological observatories are measured mostly on the local magnitude scale, also referred to as the Richter magnitude scale. These two scales are numerically similar over their range of validity. Magnitude 3 or lower earthquakes are mostly almost imperceptible or weak and magnitude 7 and over potentially cause serious damage over larger areas, depending on their depth. The largest earthquakes in historic times have been of magnitude slightly over 9, although there is no limit to the possible magnitude. The most recent large earthquake of magnitude 9.0 or larger was a 9.0 magnitude earthquake in Japan in 2011 (as of March 2014), and it was the largest Japanese earthquake since records began. Intensity of shaking is measured on the modified Mercalli scale. The shallower an earthquake, the more damage to structures it causes, all else being equal.At the Earth's surface, earthquakes manifest themselves by shaking and sometimes displacement of the ground. When the epicenter of a large earthquake is located offshore, the seabed may be displaced sufficiently to cause a tsunami. Earthquakes can also trigger landslides, and occasionally volcanic activity.In its most general sense, the word earthquake is used to describe any seismic event — whether natural or caused by humans — that generates seismic waves. Earthquakes are caused mostly by rupture of geological faults, but also by other events such as volcanic activity, landslides, mine blasts, and nuclear tests. An earthquake's point of initial rupture is called its focus or hypocenter. The epicenter is the point at ground level directly above the hypocenter.