The inner Earth - Student Portal
... Combining lab experiments and seismic data Shock wave experiments (generating P and T), Measuring sound velocity and density Up to 8 % light elements in the core (S, O, Si, C, H) Twice the light element content in outer core, compared to inner core ...
... Combining lab experiments and seismic data Shock wave experiments (generating P and T), Measuring sound velocity and density Up to 8 % light elements in the core (S, O, Si, C, H) Twice the light element content in outer core, compared to inner core ...
Azores seismogenic zones
... proceed with the study of b-value that is given by log10N = a - bM, where N is the number of events with magnitude greater or equal to M, a and b are constants related to the activity and earthquake size distribution (Gutenberg & Richter, 1944). The last 12 years (2000 - mid 2012) of the catalogue i ...
... proceed with the study of b-value that is given by log10N = a - bM, where N is the number of events with magnitude greater or equal to M, a and b are constants related to the activity and earthquake size distribution (Gutenberg & Richter, 1944). The last 12 years (2000 - mid 2012) of the catalogue i ...
Volcanoes and Igneous Activity Earth
... usually associated with large fractures in Earth’s crust called faults • Most of the motion along faults can be explained by the plate tectonics theory ...
... usually associated with large fractures in Earth’s crust called faults • Most of the motion along faults can be explained by the plate tectonics theory ...
STRONG-MOTION SEISMOGRAPH NETWORK OPERATED BY
... that exceeded 900 gals. The dense network showed that the large accelerations were not accidental phenomena and PGA of over 1g (980 gal) is not a very rare occurrence, although they were observed within a spatially limited area. When observations are sparse, it is difficult to judge whether large gr ...
... that exceeded 900 gals. The dense network showed that the large accelerations were not accidental phenomena and PGA of over 1g (980 gal) is not a very rare occurrence, although they were observed within a spatially limited area. When observations are sparse, it is difficult to judge whether large gr ...
Structural safety of buildings and plant
... in the truss had completely corroded through. It was further reported that in 1991 and 1993 structural engineering reports had been commissioned and these reports recommended that repairs be carried out to corroded members on several walkway structures including the structure which collapsed. At the ...
... in the truss had completely corroded through. It was further reported that in 1991 and 1993 structural engineering reports had been commissioned and these reports recommended that repairs be carried out to corroded members on several walkway structures including the structure which collapsed. At the ...
Lec-05 - nptel
... a special vase that had eight sculpted dragons mounted around the vase in eight primary directions. Each dragon held in its mouth a metal ball. When the ground shook, some of the balls would fall from the mouths of the dragons into the waiting mouths of the sculpted frogs to show how the ground had ...
... a special vase that had eight sculpted dragons mounted around the vase in eight primary directions. Each dragon held in its mouth a metal ball. When the ground shook, some of the balls would fall from the mouths of the dragons into the waiting mouths of the sculpted frogs to show how the ground had ...
Interactive comment on “Traces of the crustal units and the upper
... (TT) corrections which still may have an additional component to the final result. a) In the study area beneath W Lithuania we have an increased heat flow (up to 55-100 mW/m2) which is significantly higher than that of the surrounds, thus, the effect due to temperature should be quite significant in ...
... (TT) corrections which still may have an additional component to the final result. a) In the study area beneath W Lithuania we have an increased heat flow (up to 55-100 mW/m2) which is significantly higher than that of the surrounds, thus, the effect due to temperature should be quite significant in ...
Background information for some of the proposed earthquake
... building is pushed through the shear centre along a principal axis, then it deflects only along that direction and not perpendicular to it), but it is an ambiguous concept at best, hard to determine in general, and might be meaningless in a building with setbacks or with frames and walls at arbitrar ...
... building is pushed through the shear centre along a principal axis, then it deflects only along that direction and not perpendicular to it), but it is an ambiguous concept at best, hard to determine in general, and might be meaningless in a building with setbacks or with frames and walls at arbitrar ...
Reading and Interpreting Seismographs
... liquid. Scientists have created both P and S waves in the laboratory and have seen that S-waves do not travel through liquids, therefore they assume the outer core must be liquid. Longitudinal Waves or L-Waves are very slow waves which move in many directions. They are responsible for the destructio ...
... liquid. Scientists have created both P and S waves in the laboratory and have seen that S-waves do not travel through liquids, therefore they assume the outer core must be liquid. Longitudinal Waves or L-Waves are very slow waves which move in many directions. They are responsible for the destructio ...
Structural Steel in Housing
... Structural steel is playing an increasingly important role in traditional and medium density housing with its versatility, strength and competitive price. OneSteel produces a unique range ...
... Structural steel is playing an increasingly important role in traditional and medium density housing with its versatility, strength and competitive price. OneSteel produces a unique range ...
Geology 111 - A13 - Earthquakes
... damages in the area around the epicentre, and for tens to hundreds of kilometres away. Intensities close to the epicentre will be different from those farther away. Where the intensity is around VI there will be minor damage to buildings. If the intensity is X or more many buildings will be destroye ...
... damages in the area around the epicentre, and for tens to hundreds of kilometres away. Intensities close to the epicentre will be different from those farther away. Where the intensity is around VI there will be minor damage to buildings. If the intensity is X or more many buildings will be destroye ...
![Earthquake Engineering: Housner Spectrum []](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/000121902_1-729dacefc501b75e73721c6300e942ee-300x300.png)
Earthquake Engineering: Housner Spectrum []
... has previously been measured to have a natural period of 2 s. Damping is assumed to be 2%. During an earthquake, is the trolley likely to derail? Use the Housner spectrum to find out! ...
... has previously been measured to have a natural period of 2 s. Damping is assumed to be 2%. During an earthquake, is the trolley likely to derail? Use the Housner spectrum to find out! ...
Complete Report - American Samoa Renewable Energy
... The equipment used at the stations are 2 Hz, 4.5 Hz and 15 Hz borehole and surface seismometers manufactured by International Earth Sciences (IESE) Ltd., combined with low-noise Reftek 130/130S data loggers, GPS and power supply. Station location details are listed in Table 1 and station setup is sh ...
... The equipment used at the stations are 2 Hz, 4.5 Hz and 15 Hz borehole and surface seismometers manufactured by International Earth Sciences (IESE) Ltd., combined with low-noise Reftek 130/130S data loggers, GPS and power supply. Station location details are listed in Table 1 and station setup is sh ...
PDF
... buildings subjecting them to monotonically increasing lateral forces with an invariant height wise distribution until the preset performance level (target displacement) is reached. Te promise of performance-based seismic engineering (PBSE) is to produce structures with predictable seismic performanc ...
... buildings subjecting them to monotonically increasing lateral forces with an invariant height wise distribution until the preset performance level (target displacement) is reached. Te promise of performance-based seismic engineering (PBSE) is to produce structures with predictable seismic performanc ...
Locating the Epicenter of an Earthquake WS
... EARTHQUAKE. THIS TECHNIQUE IS CALLED 'TRIANGULATION ...
... EARTHQUAKE. THIS TECHNIQUE IS CALLED 'TRIANGULATION ...
Seismic retrofit
Seismic retrofitting is the modification of existing structures to make them more resistant to seismic activity, ground motion, or soil failure due to earthquakes. With better understanding of seismic demand on structures and with our recent experiences with large earthquakes near urban centers, the need of seismic retrofitting is well acknowledged. Prior to the introduction of modern seismic codes in the late 1960s for developed countries (US, Japan etc.) and late 1970s for many other parts of the world (Turkey, China etc.), many structures were designed without adequate detailing and reinforcement for seismic protection. In view of the imminent problem, various research work has been carried out. State-of-the-art technical guidelines for seismic assessment, retrofit and rehabilitation have been published around the world - such as the ASCE-SEI 41 and the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering (NZSEE)'s guidelines. These codes must be regularly updated; the 1994 Northridge earthquake brought to light the brittleness of welded steel frames, for example.The retrofit techniques outlined here are also applicable for other natural hazards such as tropical cyclones, tornadoes, and severe winds from thunderstorms. Whilst current practice of seismic retrofitting is predominantly concerned with structural improvements to reduce the seismic hazard of using the structures, it is similarly essential to reduce the hazards and losses from non-structural elements. It is also important to keep in mind that there is no such thing as an earthquake-proof structure, although seismic performance can be greatly enhanced through proper initial design or subsequent modifications.