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2.2bEarthquakes
2.2bEarthquakes

Wood-Frame Construction in Past Earthquakes
Wood-Frame Construction in Past Earthquakes

Earthquake - Ready Northeast
Earthquake - Ready Northeast

... about 130 years), it is not possible to accurately estimate the timing or location of future dangerous earthquakes in Colorado. However, geologic studies indicate there are about 100 potentially active faults Colorado and more than 400 earthquake tremors of magnitude 2.5 or higher have occurred in C ...
Seismology
Seismology

... vessel, with eight dragons, holding bronze balls. An arriving seismic wave triggered an internal mechanism that released on of those bronze balls, which then fell into the mouth of a frog underneath – indicating the direction to the epicenter. ...
Attachment 10 R301.2.2
Attachment 10 R301.2.2

... of the remaining structural system. Where the forces associated with the irregularity are resisted by a structural system designed in accordance with accepted engineering practice, design of the remainder of the building shall be permitted using the provisions of this code. A building or portion of ...
THE INTENSITY OF EARTHQUAKE IN INDIA ABSTRACT An
THE INTENSITY OF EARTHQUAKE IN INDIA ABSTRACT An

... Though the plains of west Bengal comes under the zone of last damage risk but the devastating sever earthquake of Kolkata of 11 October, 1737 killing 300,000 people put a question mark against this concept. The zone of very high damage risk of Kutch region of Gujarat registered most devastating kill ...
Earthquake Hazard Risk Mitigation in Government Leasing
Earthquake Hazard Risk Mitigation in Government Leasing

... prohibitive cost associated with uprading existing buildings for earthquake or relocating agencies and their fitouts, this guide note factors in less than full compliance with the current standard. This is consistent with Australian Standard AS 3826-1998 Strengthening existing buildings for earthqua ...
Earthquake Terms
Earthquake Terms

L - American Journal of Engineering Research
L - American Journal of Engineering Research

... Research on progressive collapse has intensified since the collapse of the World Trade Center in September 11, 2001. With an increasing trend towards more terrorist action and catastrophic event of progressive collapse of the world trade center, it is clear that structural design must include the pr ...
3. Earthquakes 3.1. Elastic rebound theory
3. Earthquakes 3.1. Elastic rebound theory

Influence of fault heterogeneity on the frequency
Influence of fault heterogeneity on the frequency

... Science Center, United States Geological Survey, Menlo Park, California, USA ...
State failing to enforce seismic rules for schools
State failing to enforce seismic rules for schools

... But seismic experts say the law provides an important system of accountability and is one reason no child has died in an earthquake-damaged school in California since the law was passed. "The Field Act ... guaranteed they would have that information and make good use of it," said Peter Yanev, a Worl ...
Introduction to Iraqi Seismological Network
Introduction to Iraqi Seismological Network

... • Microzonation, microtremor observations. • Prediction and earthquake prone area. • Crustal studies. • Iraqi seismic design code for building. • Estimate the seismic velocity and attenuation structures of the study area using the dispersion and receiver functions of observed surface and body waves, ...
Earthquakes
Earthquakes

Rapid visual screening of masonry buildings
Rapid visual screening of masonry buildings

... The basic vulnerability class of a building type is based on the average expected seismic performance for that building type. All buildings have been divided into type A to type F based on the European Macroseismic Scale (EMS-98) recommendations. The buildings in type A have the highest seismic vuln ...
Measuring the Size of an Earthquake
Measuring the Size of an Earthquake

the number of earthquakes, GPS and gas
the number of earthquakes, GPS and gas

... 100 days of continuous eruptive activity in Holuhraun Earthquakes The earthquake sequence associated with the magma movements and volcanic activity at Bárðarbunga differs greatly from all volcanic earthquake swarms that have been observed in Iceland since the beginning of seismic measurements. Summi ...
bogazici university - Kandilli Rasathanesi ve Deprem Araştırma
bogazici university - Kandilli Rasathanesi ve Deprem Araştırma

Document
Document

... mix of vulnerable and earthquake resistant construction. Recent earthquakes in this area have caused secondary hazards such as landslides that might have contributed to losses. Green alert level for shaking-related fatalities. Yellow alert level for economic losses. Some damage is possible and the i ...
7. probabilistic seismic hazard assessement
7. probabilistic seismic hazard assessement

Mantle`s Core Quiz
Mantle`s Core Quiz

... 1) The Earth’s core is thought to be composed mainly of a) nickel. b) lead. c) iron. d) gold. 2) Seismic waves suggest the inner core is ____________. 3) Seismic waves suggest the outer core is… a) solid. b) liquid. c) gaseous. d) all of the above 4) The Earth’s magnetic field is generated by the co ...
GLOBAL HAZARD revision sheet 2 – how PLATE
GLOBAL HAZARD revision sheet 2 – how PLATE

... What type of plate margin was it? Consequences of the quake (primary/secondary) ...
Earthquakes, Existing Buildings and Seismic Design Codes in
Earthquakes, Existing Buildings and Seismic Design Codes in

... Among other common reasons of damage are inadequate consideration of ground conditions in the lay out and design of the structural system, addition of illegal stories to the existing structural systems without taking necessary measures, and unconsciously removing or damaging certain structural membe ...
Earthquakes-1
Earthquakes-1

... - The movement of the ground, caused by waves of energy released as rocks move along faults Fault – a large fracture in rocks, from several meters to many kilometers long, where rocks not only crack but also move along either side of the break ...
2 July 2014 Doug Tate Horowhenua District Council 126
2 July 2014 Doug Tate Horowhenua District Council 126

... As requested we have completed the Detailed Seismic Assessment (DSA) of the new Council Building and attach the full DSA report for your review. We have in accordance with your request reviewed the seismic assessment and performance of the building for the Ultimate limit state (ULS) in accordance wi ...
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Seismic retrofit



Seismic retrofitting is the modification of existing structures to make them more resistant to seismic activity, ground motion, or soil failure due to earthquakes. With better understanding of seismic demand on structures and with our recent experiences with large earthquakes near urban centers, the need of seismic retrofitting is well acknowledged. Prior to the introduction of modern seismic codes in the late 1960s for developed countries (US, Japan etc.) and late 1970s for many other parts of the world (Turkey, China etc.), many structures were designed without adequate detailing and reinforcement for seismic protection. In view of the imminent problem, various research work has been carried out. State-of-the-art technical guidelines for seismic assessment, retrofit and rehabilitation have been published around the world - such as the ASCE-SEI 41 and the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering (NZSEE)'s guidelines. These codes must be regularly updated; the 1994 Northridge earthquake brought to light the brittleness of welded steel frames, for example.The retrofit techniques outlined here are also applicable for other natural hazards such as tropical cyclones, tornadoes, and severe winds from thunderstorms. Whilst current practice of seismic retrofitting is predominantly concerned with structural improvements to reduce the seismic hazard of using the structures, it is similarly essential to reduce the hazards and losses from non-structural elements. It is also important to keep in mind that there is no such thing as an earthquake-proof structure, although seismic performance can be greatly enhanced through proper initial design or subsequent modifications.
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