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Chapter C1 Natural Hazards
... Mass deposition of sediment takes place at this point leading to rapid silting onto the river bed. As the river cannot flow smoothly, floods often occur. ...
... Mass deposition of sediment takes place at this point leading to rapid silting onto the river bed. As the river cannot flow smoothly, floods often occur. ...
Nepal Earthquake
... Plenary- Your report on the earthquake Both you and your partner will be given 30 seconds each to explain all the new things you have learned about the earthquake in Nepal. Remember not to interrupt your partner and that when you are speaking, the aim is to talk for the ...
... Plenary- Your report on the earthquake Both you and your partner will be given 30 seconds each to explain all the new things you have learned about the earthquake in Nepal. Remember not to interrupt your partner and that when you are speaking, the aim is to talk for the ...
AICE Env Day 3 Locating the Epicenter
... 2. Start with the first tracing, labeled Balboa Heights. Locate the P, which indicates the arrival time of the P wave at the seismic station, and the S, which indicates the arrival time of the S wave. Draw a line straight down from the peak of the P wave to the time scale and another line from the ...
... 2. Start with the first tracing, labeled Balboa Heights. Locate the P, which indicates the arrival time of the P wave at the seismic station, and the S, which indicates the arrival time of the S wave. Draw a line straight down from the peak of the P wave to the time scale and another line from the ...
How do we measure Earthquakes?
... So far we have seen how and where earthquakes happen. In this lesson we will be finding out how they are measured. Read the following extract from the Nottingham Evening Post. “The earthquake, measuring 4.2 on the Richter scale, struck mid-afternoon yesterday and was felt most strongly by some resid ...
... So far we have seen how and where earthquakes happen. In this lesson we will be finding out how they are measured. Read the following extract from the Nottingham Evening Post. “The earthquake, measuring 4.2 on the Richter scale, struck mid-afternoon yesterday and was felt most strongly by some resid ...
Periodic Slow Earthquakes from the Cascadia Subduction Zone
... amounts of strain energy without detectable seismic shaking, and they are thus known as slow or silent earthquakes. Because subduction zones generate the largest earthquakes, seismic hazard assessment relies on understanding the degree to which slow earthquakes reduce the energy released by infreque ...
... amounts of strain energy without detectable seismic shaking, and they are thus known as slow or silent earthquakes. Because subduction zones generate the largest earthquakes, seismic hazard assessment relies on understanding the degree to which slow earthquakes reduce the energy released by infreque ...
the el salvador earthquakes of 2001: implication for seismic risk from
... the subduction zone offshore from western El Salvador on 19 June 1983, triggering many landslides in the southwest of the country and causing damage to weak houses built from adobe (clay brick) and bahareque (wattle-and-daub); estimates of the death toll due to this earthquake range from 8 to 40 [15 ...
... the subduction zone offshore from western El Salvador on 19 June 1983, triggering many landslides in the southwest of the country and causing damage to weak houses built from adobe (clay brick) and bahareque (wattle-and-daub); estimates of the death toll due to this earthquake range from 8 to 40 [15 ...
Seismic vulnerability of the Himalayan half-dressed rubble
... model, develop damage scale towards deformation-based assessment and retrieve the lateral force-deformation response of the model besides its elastic dynamic properties, i.e. fundamental vibration period and elastic damping. The analytical study included fragility analysis of building prototypes usi ...
... model, develop damage scale towards deformation-based assessment and retrieve the lateral force-deformation response of the model besides its elastic dynamic properties, i.e. fundamental vibration period and elastic damping. The analytical study included fragility analysis of building prototypes usi ...
Introduction to Environmental Geology
... Earthquakes induced by human activities: – Much smaller magnitude – Reservoir-induced earthquakes – Deep waste disposal and earthquake – Nuclear explosions (underground testing) ...
... Earthquakes induced by human activities: – Much smaller magnitude – Reservoir-induced earthquakes – Deep waste disposal and earthquake – Nuclear explosions (underground testing) ...
Earthquakes - Cloudfront.net
... Active Tendon System Active tendon system works like the mass damper. A computer senses the movement and shifts the weight under the building to compensate. ...
... Active Tendon System Active tendon system works like the mass damper. A computer senses the movement and shifts the weight under the building to compensate. ...
Earthquake Notes
... 4. In earthquake prone areas, city planners try to reduce hazards. iii. Earthquake Safe Structures: 1. Skyscrapers and other large structures built on soft ground must be ____________________ to bedrock, even if it lies hundreds of meters below the ground surface. 2. The correct building material mu ...
... 4. In earthquake prone areas, city planners try to reduce hazards. iii. Earthquake Safe Structures: 1. Skyscrapers and other large structures built on soft ground must be ____________________ to bedrock, even if it lies hundreds of meters below the ground surface. 2. The correct building material mu ...
Seismic retrofit
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/ExteiorShearTruss.jpg?width=300)
Seismic retrofitting is the modification of existing structures to make them more resistant to seismic activity, ground motion, or soil failure due to earthquakes. With better understanding of seismic demand on structures and with our recent experiences with large earthquakes near urban centers, the need of seismic retrofitting is well acknowledged. Prior to the introduction of modern seismic codes in the late 1960s for developed countries (US, Japan etc.) and late 1970s for many other parts of the world (Turkey, China etc.), many structures were designed without adequate detailing and reinforcement for seismic protection. In view of the imminent problem, various research work has been carried out. State-of-the-art technical guidelines for seismic assessment, retrofit and rehabilitation have been published around the world - such as the ASCE-SEI 41 and the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering (NZSEE)'s guidelines. These codes must be regularly updated; the 1994 Northridge earthquake brought to light the brittleness of welded steel frames, for example.The retrofit techniques outlined here are also applicable for other natural hazards such as tropical cyclones, tornadoes, and severe winds from thunderstorms. Whilst current practice of seismic retrofitting is predominantly concerned with structural improvements to reduce the seismic hazard of using the structures, it is similarly essential to reduce the hazards and losses from non-structural elements. It is also important to keep in mind that there is no such thing as an earthquake-proof structure, although seismic performance can be greatly enhanced through proper initial design or subsequent modifications.