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Constructed Worlds, Contested Truths Maria BaghraMian
Constructed Worlds, Contested Truths Maria BaghraMian

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... preparing for winter? In fact, similar criticism to that of Nietzsche’s can be made of mechanical explanations. ‘Why are there sex differences?’, one might ask. ‘Because of hormones’, a mechanist would reply. Although true, it cannot be said that the answer has addressed the question. When one asks ...
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Ideology, Scientific Theory, and Social Work
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... with different political positions and are often used to support or oppose specific interventions and policies that affect our clients. In addition, it is important to recognize that theories can become self-fulfilling or self-refuting based on our own attitudes and beliefs. For example, the beliefs ...
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... from extra-economic restrictions. The use of predictions about the future as a means of generating wealth through the borrowing of capital fed the increasing autonomy of the economy within industrialising societies. Within the emerging discipline of economics, these practices of prediction were give ...
towards objective international social inquiry: social science as
towards objective international social inquiry: social science as

< 1 ... 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 ... 105 >

History of the social sciences

The history of the social sciences has origin in the common stock of Western philosophy and shares various precursors, but began most intentionally in the early 19th century with the positivist philosophy of science. Since the mid-20th century, the term ""social science"" has come to refer more generally, not just to sociology, but to all those disciplines which analyse society and culture; from anthropology to linguistics to media studies.The idea that society may be studied in a standardized and objective manner, with scholarly rules and methodology, is comparatively recent. While there is evidence of early sociology in medieval Islam, and while philosophers such as Confucius had long since theorised on topics such as social roles, the scientific analysis of ""Man"" is peculiar to the intellectual break away from the Age of Enlightenment and toward the discourses of Modernity. Social sciences came forth from the moral philosophy of the time and was influenced by the Age of Revolutions, such as the Industrial revolution and the French revolution. The beginnings of the social sciences in the 18th century are reflected in the grand encyclopedia of Diderot, with articles from Rousseau and other pioneers. Around the start of the 20th century, Enlightenment philosophy was challenged in various quarters. After the use of classical theories since the end of the scientific revolution, various fields substituted mathematics studies for experimental studies and examining equations to build a theoretical structure. The development of social science subfields became very quantitative in methodology. Conversely, the interdisciplinary and cross-disciplinary nature of scientific inquiry into human behavior and social and environmental factors affecting it made many of the natural sciences interested in some aspects of social science methodology. Examples of boundary blurring include emerging disciplines like social studies of medicine, sociobiology, neuropsychology, bioeconomics and the history and sociology of science. Increasingly, quantitative and qualitative methods are being integrated in the study of human action and its implications and consequences. In the first half of the 20th century, statistics became a free-standing discipline of applied mathematics. Statistical methods were used confidently.In the contemporary period, there continues to be little movement toward consensus on what methodology might have the power and refinement to connect a proposed ""grand theory"" with the various midrange theories that, with considerable success, continue to provide usable frameworks for massive, growing data banks. See consilience.
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