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Title - Iowa State University
... ATP ________ is the protein involved in ATP production. The process by which H+ is pumped back across the membrane to create ATP is called _____________. The amount of ATP produced is based on how many molecules of ______ are oxidized. ATP synthase works as a ________ machine, where H+ chang ...
... ATP ________ is the protein involved in ATP production. The process by which H+ is pumped back across the membrane to create ATP is called _____________. The amount of ATP produced is based on how many molecules of ______ are oxidized. ATP synthase works as a ________ machine, where H+ chang ...
Matrix: Citric Acid Cycle and Pyruvate Oxidation Mitochondrion A
... – Electrons pass through a set of membrane-associated carriers by a series of redox reactions – Energy from electron transport powers the active transport of H+ to the intermembrane compartment of the mitochondrion, building a concentration gradient – Chemiosmosis: Diffusion of hydrogen ions (H+) th ...
... – Electrons pass through a set of membrane-associated carriers by a series of redox reactions – Energy from electron transport powers the active transport of H+ to the intermembrane compartment of the mitochondrion, building a concentration gradient – Chemiosmosis: Diffusion of hydrogen ions (H+) th ...
doc 3.5.2 respiration notes Student notes for section 3.5.2
... In more detail – GLYCOLYSIS This occurs in the …………………………………… A molecule of Glucose (...... C) is broken down (oxidised) into two molecules of pyruvate each of which has ……… carbon atoms. Glycolysis uses two molecules of ATP and produces four giving a net gain of ………… molecules of ATP for each gluco ...
... In more detail – GLYCOLYSIS This occurs in the …………………………………… A molecule of Glucose (...... C) is broken down (oxidised) into two molecules of pyruvate each of which has ……… carbon atoms. Glycolysis uses two molecules of ATP and produces four giving a net gain of ………… molecules of ATP for each gluco ...
presentation source
... aerobic respiration or anaerobically using alcohol fermentation. • Under anaerobic conditions, pyruvate is oxidized to acetaldehyde + CO2 • Acetaldehyde + NADH --> ethanol + NAD+ • NAD+ can function in glycolysis again. ...
... aerobic respiration or anaerobically using alcohol fermentation. • Under anaerobic conditions, pyruvate is oxidized to acetaldehyde + CO2 • Acetaldehyde + NADH --> ethanol + NAD+ • NAD+ can function in glycolysis again. ...
Answer Key - Department of Chemistry ::: CALTECH
... was shorter because of the presence of a new enzyme catalyzing the reaction glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate + NAD+ 3-phosphoglycerate + NADH + H+. Would shortening the glycolytic pathway in this way benefit the cell? Explain. No. There would be no anaerobic productions of ATP; aerobic ATP production wo ...
... was shorter because of the presence of a new enzyme catalyzing the reaction glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate + NAD+ 3-phosphoglycerate + NADH + H+. Would shortening the glycolytic pathway in this way benefit the cell? Explain. No. There would be no anaerobic productions of ATP; aerobic ATP production wo ...
The Monocarboxylate Transporter Family—Role and Regulation
... unlikely to be important in this process under normoxic conditions as the pyruvate will be oxidized by the mitochondria rather than be exported as lactic acid. Indeed, as noted below (MCT1 section), hearts are normally net users rather than producers of lactic acid. ...
... unlikely to be important in this process under normoxic conditions as the pyruvate will be oxidized by the mitochondria rather than be exported as lactic acid. Indeed, as noted below (MCT1 section), hearts are normally net users rather than producers of lactic acid. ...
Midterm #2 - UC Davis Plant Sciences
... Explain why -ketoglutarate dehydrogenase is a good target for regulation. (2 pts) The reaction catalyzed by -ketoglutarate dehydrogenase is essentially irreversible (large negative G and loss of CO2). ...
... Explain why -ketoglutarate dehydrogenase is a good target for regulation. (2 pts) The reaction catalyzed by -ketoglutarate dehydrogenase is essentially irreversible (large negative G and loss of CO2). ...
1 Pyruvate and acetate metabolism (The citric acid cycle) I. Pyruvate
... pyrophosphate (TPP), the structure of which is shown in V&V p. 466 Fig. 16-27. The thiazolium ring in the center of the molecule directly interacts with pyruvate through its unusually acidic C (between S and N) which loses its H and becomes a good nucleophile to attack C2 of pyruvate. (For compariso ...
... pyrophosphate (TPP), the structure of which is shown in V&V p. 466 Fig. 16-27. The thiazolium ring in the center of the molecule directly interacts with pyruvate through its unusually acidic C (between S and N) which loses its H and becomes a good nucleophile to attack C2 of pyruvate. (For compariso ...
INTRODUCTORY BIOCHEMISTRY BI 28 Second Midterm
... CH2OPO3H218. [2] Gluconeogenesis shares some, but not all, enzymes with the glycolytic pathway. It would appear to be more efficient if both pathways used all of the same enzymes since the pathways are essentially the reverse of each other. Why don’t both pathways use all of the same enzymes? A) The ...
... CH2OPO3H218. [2] Gluconeogenesis shares some, but not all, enzymes with the glycolytic pathway. It would appear to be more efficient if both pathways used all of the same enzymes since the pathways are essentially the reverse of each other. Why don’t both pathways use all of the same enzymes? A) The ...
Exam#2-`95
... c. muscle soreness during intense exercise is caused by lactic acid accumulation d. systemic acidosis influences CNS function leading to perceptions of fatigue e. there is a rapid recovery from systemic and muscle acidosis 15. For every molecule of acetyl CoA entering and catabolised during one comp ...
... c. muscle soreness during intense exercise is caused by lactic acid accumulation d. systemic acidosis influences CNS function leading to perceptions of fatigue e. there is a rapid recovery from systemic and muscle acidosis 15. For every molecule of acetyl CoA entering and catabolised during one comp ...
S1 Fig.
... Citrate synthase activity was measured by the method of Morgunov and Srere [1]. Briefly, cardiac tissue samples were homogenised in homogenisation buffer (Tris.HCl, 0.1M final concentration; EDTA, 1mM final concentration; 0.25% (v/v) Triton X-100; adjusted to pH=8.0). Samples were centrifuged at 1,0 ...
... Citrate synthase activity was measured by the method of Morgunov and Srere [1]. Briefly, cardiac tissue samples were homogenised in homogenisation buffer (Tris.HCl, 0.1M final concentration; EDTA, 1mM final concentration; 0.25% (v/v) Triton X-100; adjusted to pH=8.0). Samples were centrifuged at 1,0 ...
Carbohydrate Metabolism
... however, it can be used to produce energy (4 or 6 ATP) by respiratory chain phosphorylation in the mitochondria. 2. This can be done by using special carriers for hydrogen of NADH+H+ These carriers are either dihydroxyacetone phosphate (Glycerophosphate shuttle) or oxaloacetate (aspartate malate shu ...
... however, it can be used to produce energy (4 or 6 ATP) by respiratory chain phosphorylation in the mitochondria. 2. This can be done by using special carriers for hydrogen of NADH+H+ These carriers are either dihydroxyacetone phosphate (Glycerophosphate shuttle) or oxaloacetate (aspartate malate shu ...
Anaerobic Fermentation
... Your body doesn't always get enough oxygen during excercise... *Body compensates for the lack of oxygen by a process called Anaerobic fermentation that carries out a series of chemical reactions that produce ATP from glucose in the absence of O 2 *Fermentation allows glycolysis to continue maki ...
... Your body doesn't always get enough oxygen during excercise... *Body compensates for the lack of oxygen by a process called Anaerobic fermentation that carries out a series of chemical reactions that produce ATP from glucose in the absence of O 2 *Fermentation allows glycolysis to continue maki ...
Chapter 20 Notes
... • trans-addition of the elements of water across the double bond • Possible mechanisms are shown in Figure 20.18 • The actual mechanism is not known for certain ...
... • trans-addition of the elements of water across the double bond • Possible mechanisms are shown in Figure 20.18 • The actual mechanism is not known for certain ...
Final published version
... 1-phosphate phosphatase (MTLP) or ␣-acetolactate synthase (ALS) and acetoin reductase (AR), nisin (1 g 䡠 liter⫺1) was added at an OD600 of 0.5. Specific growth rates () were calculated through linear regression of the plots of ln(OD600) versus time during the exponential growth phase. Molecular te ...
... 1-phosphate phosphatase (MTLP) or ␣-acetolactate synthase (ALS) and acetoin reductase (AR), nisin (1 g 䡠 liter⫺1) was added at an OD600 of 0.5. Specific growth rates () were calculated through linear regression of the plots of ln(OD600) versus time during the exponential growth phase. Molecular te ...
2b.-Citric-Acid-Cycle
... • This cycle results in the generation of ATP in one of the steps, the release of carbon 6dioxide in 2 of the steps and the regeneration of oxaloacetate in the ...
... • This cycle results in the generation of ATP in one of the steps, the release of carbon 6dioxide in 2 of the steps and the regeneration of oxaloacetate in the ...
Cellular Respiration
... 2. oxygen to act as a proton donor 3. nitrogen to donate phosphate groups to oxygen 4. oxygen to act as the final acceptor of electrons in the ETC 5. oxygen to donate phosphate groups to ADP, making it ATP ...
... 2. oxygen to act as a proton donor 3. nitrogen to donate phosphate groups to oxygen 4. oxygen to act as the final acceptor of electrons in the ETC 5. oxygen to donate phosphate groups to ADP, making it ATP ...
Keigo Tanaka Chapter 9 – Cellular Respiration: Harvesting
... 4. Another CO2 molecule is lost, and the resulting compound is oxidized, reducing NAD+ to NADH; the remaining molecule is then attached to coenzyme A by an unstable bond forming succinyl CoA 5. CoA is displaced by a phosphate group, which is transferred to GDP, forming GTP, and then to ADP, forming ...
... 4. Another CO2 molecule is lost, and the resulting compound is oxidized, reducing NAD+ to NADH; the remaining molecule is then attached to coenzyme A by an unstable bond forming succinyl CoA 5. CoA is displaced by a phosphate group, which is transferred to GDP, forming GTP, and then to ADP, forming ...
Metabolic enzymatic activities in the intercostal ... serratus muscles and in the ...
... ABSTRACT: The glycolytic and oxidative enzyme activities (lac tate dehydrogenase (LDH), hexokinase (HK), citrate synthase (CS) and 3-hydroxyacyiCoA-dehydrogenase (HAD)) were measured in the fifth internal and external intercostal muscles, in the vertical and horizontal parts of the serratus, an acce ...
... ABSTRACT: The glycolytic and oxidative enzyme activities (lac tate dehydrogenase (LDH), hexokinase (HK), citrate synthase (CS) and 3-hydroxyacyiCoA-dehydrogenase (HAD)) were measured in the fifth internal and external intercostal muscles, in the vertical and horizontal parts of the serratus, an acce ...
Glycolysis PP
... • Many of the functions of a cell are the same, regardless of cell type. For example: – Copying DNA – Building proteins – Getting energy from glucose ...
... • Many of the functions of a cell are the same, regardless of cell type. For example: – Copying DNA – Building proteins – Getting energy from glucose ...
Bozeman Science Video: Cellular Respiration Name: Directions
... Directions: Follow along with Mr. Anderson as he explains the process of cellular respiration. Clip can be found at http://www.bozemanscience.com/cellular-respiration 1. Cellular respiration takes organic compounds and converts them to _________, _____________, and ______________ 2. Do plants do cel ...
... Directions: Follow along with Mr. Anderson as he explains the process of cellular respiration. Clip can be found at http://www.bozemanscience.com/cellular-respiration 1. Cellular respiration takes organic compounds and converts them to _________, _____________, and ______________ 2. Do plants do cel ...
CHAPTER 6
... regenerate NAD+ from NADH so glycolysis can continue. The lactate produced is released into the blood. The muscle LDH isozyme (A4) works best in the NAD+-regenerating direction. Heart tissue is aerobic and uses lactate as a fuel, converting it to pyruvate via LDH and using the pyruvate to fuel the c ...
... regenerate NAD+ from NADH so glycolysis can continue. The lactate produced is released into the blood. The muscle LDH isozyme (A4) works best in the NAD+-regenerating direction. Heart tissue is aerobic and uses lactate as a fuel, converting it to pyruvate via LDH and using the pyruvate to fuel the c ...
Aerobic Metabolism: The Citric Acid Cycle
... reactions of central importance in all living cells that utilize oxygen as part of cellular respiration. ...
... reactions of central importance in all living cells that utilize oxygen as part of cellular respiration. ...
Aerobic Metabolism: The Citric Acid Cycle
... reactions of central importance in all living cells that utilize oxygen as part of cellular respiration. ...
... reactions of central importance in all living cells that utilize oxygen as part of cellular respiration. ...
Chapter 16 Glycolysis Control of glycolytic pathway
... reaction is catalyzed by the enzyme aldolase. GAP can be processed to pyruvate to yield ATP, whereas DHAP cannot. The enzyme triose phosphate isomerase interconverts GAP and DHAP, allowing the DHAP to be further metabolized. Triose phosphate isomerase is the only glycolytic enzyme whose deficiency i ...
... reaction is catalyzed by the enzyme aldolase. GAP can be processed to pyruvate to yield ATP, whereas DHAP cannot. The enzyme triose phosphate isomerase interconverts GAP and DHAP, allowing the DHAP to be further metabolized. Triose phosphate isomerase is the only glycolytic enzyme whose deficiency i ...
Lactate dehydrogenase
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Reaction_catalyzed_by_lactate_dehydrogenase.png?width=300)
A lactate dehydrogenase (LDH or LD) is an enzyme found in nearly all living cells (animals, plants, and prokaryotes). LDH catalyzes the conversion of pyruvate to lactate and back, as it converts NADH to NAD+ and back. A dehydrogenase is an enzyme that transfers a hydride from one molecule to another.LDH exist in four distinct enzyme classes. This article is about the common NAD(P)-dependent L-lactate dehydrogenase. Other LDHs act on D-lactate and/or are dependent on cytochrome c: D-lactate dehydrogenase (cytochrome)) and L-lactate (L-lactate dehydrogenase (cytochrome)). LDH has been of medical significance because it is found extensively in body tissues, such as blood cells and heart muscle. Because it is released during tissue damage, it is a marker of common injuries and disease such as heart failure.