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Exam 2 Key v3 Bio200 Win16
Exam 2 Key v3 Bio200 Win16

The Role of Genetics in Growth Hormone Deficiency and Combined
The Role of Genetics in Growth Hormone Deficiency and Combined

... was identified in two siblings who had been diagnosed with SOD. These children were born within a highly consanguineous pedigree and presented in the newborn period with hypoglycaemia secondary to cortisol deficiency. Subsequent testing confirmed complete panhypopituitarism. Neuro-radiological imagi ...
Pax6 - MHHE.com
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Regional DNA Hypermethylation at D17S5

... Fig. 2. Methylation status of the D17S5 region in DNA from cultured and fresh renal tumors which have retained both copies of chromosome I7p. Each tumor DNA is heterozygous for one or more polymorphic regions, always including D17S5 (6, 8). A, tumors with hypermethylation of the D17S5 region. DNA sa ...
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...  Haploinsufficiency: usually having half the amount of a given gene product is sufficient, but in some situations this decrease results in disease; relatively unusual mechanism  Increased gene dosage  Promoter effects: a mutation in the promoter region may cause it to be over expressed in the wro ...
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... Mitochondria contain their own DNA (a small amount- 39 genes). Known as mtDNA Code for some of the enzymes and other materials e.g. RNA required for respiration. Mutations in mtDNA may lead to mitochondrial disorders. (mtDNA) is inherited from the female only. This is because during fertilisation on ...
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Oncogenomics



Oncogenomics is a relatively new sub-field of genomics that applies high throughput technologies to characterize genes associated with cancer. Oncogenomics is synonymous with ""cancer genomics"". Cancer is a genetic disease caused by accumulation of mutations to DNA leading to unrestrained cell proliferation and neoplasm formation. The goal of oncogenomics is to identify new oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes that may provide new insights into cancer diagnosis, predicting clinical outcome of cancers, and new targets for cancer therapies. The success of targeted cancer therapies such as Gleevec, Herceptin, and Avastin raised the hope for oncogenomics to elucidate new targets for cancer treatment.Besides understanding the underlying genetic mechanisms that initiates or drives cancer progression, one of the main goals of oncogenomics is to allow for the development of personalized cancer treatment. Cancer develops due to an accumulation of mutations in DNA. These mutations accumulate randomly, and thus, different DNA mutations and mutation combinations exist between different individuals with the same type of cancer. Thus, identifying and targeting specific mutations which have occurred in an individual patient may lead to increased efficacy of cancer therapy.The completion of the Human Genome Project has greatly facilitated the field of oncogenomics and has increased the abilities of researchers to find cancer causing genes. In addition, the sequencing technologies now available for sequence generation and data analysis have been applied to the study of oncogenomics. With the amount of research conducted on cancer genomes and the accumulation of databases documenting the mutational changes, it has been predicted that the most important cancer-causing mutations, rearrangements, and altered expression levels will be cataloged and well characterized within the next decade.Cancer research may look either on the genomic level at DNA mutations, the epigenetic level at methylation or histone modification changes, the transcription level at altered levels of gene expression, or the protein level at altered levels of protein abundance and function in cancer cells. Oncogenomics focuses on the genomic, epigenomic, and transcript level alterations in cancer.
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