Design and Fabrication of a Superprism
... The work presented here, though written by me, is the compilation of the efforts of many people who guided and supported me along the way. Thank-you Alexei Erchak for really getting me started in the lab. Thank-you for being patient with me and always being there to listen when I need an "older" stu ...
... The work presented here, though written by me, is the compilation of the efforts of many people who guided and supported me along the way. Thank-you Alexei Erchak for really getting me started in the lab. Thank-you for being patient with me and always being there to listen when I need an "older" stu ...
Combo 4.14.2 Inside Earth
... • As hot magma cools inside the Earth’s crust the molten materials harden into minerals. –When magma cools quickly the crystals are tiny –When magma cools slowly the crystals ...
... • As hot magma cools inside the Earth’s crust the molten materials harden into minerals. –When magma cools quickly the crystals are tiny –When magma cools slowly the crystals ...
Unusually Dense Crystal Packings of Ellipsoids
... constraints between ellipsoids. In particular, the case of slightly aspherical ellipsoids is very interesting, as the best packing will be a perturbation of the FCC lattice with a broken symmetry, and should thus be easier to identify. In Fig. 3 we see that the density of our crystal packing increas ...
... constraints between ellipsoids. In particular, the case of slightly aspherical ellipsoids is very interesting, as the best packing will be a perturbation of the FCC lattice with a broken symmetry, and should thus be easier to identify. In Fig. 3 we see that the density of our crystal packing increas ...
Monitoring lidocaine singlecrystal dissolution by
... aqueous–solid interface of a crystal may provide information on the rate-limiting steps of the dissolution process.17 It has been shown that detailed insights into the dissolution processes, for example, face-specific/dependent dissolution,18–21 may be attained from dissolution studies performed on ...
... aqueous–solid interface of a crystal may provide information on the rate-limiting steps of the dissolution process.17 It has been shown that detailed insights into the dissolution processes, for example, face-specific/dependent dissolution,18–21 may be attained from dissolution studies performed on ...
F: Chapter 1: Minerals - Jenkins Independent Schools
... crust. Using these eight elements, about what percentage of the crust is made up of iron and aluminum? Use the spreadsheet to perform this calculation. For more help, refer to the ...
... crust. Using these eight elements, about what percentage of the crust is made up of iron and aluminum? Use the spreadsheet to perform this calculation. For more help, refer to the ...
LIGHT GENERATION AND MANIPULATION FROM NONLINEAR RANDOMLY DISTRIBUTED DOMAINS IN SBN
... the total volume. In this case, the light intensity received by each scatterer from the rest of the scatterers may be larger than the light intensity received from the incident field itself. The description of scattering effects from such media may become complicated but, many interesting optical ph ...
... the total volume. In this case, the light intensity received by each scatterer from the rest of the scatterers may be larger than the light intensity received from the incident field itself. The description of scattering effects from such media may become complicated but, many interesting optical ph ...
Roles of Conformational and Positional Adaptability in
... Selective screening of the compound library in cell culture at Janssen Pharmaceutica in 1987, followed by a directed lead optimization program, led to the discovery of the first NNRTIs, the TIBO compounds.2 The first-generation NNRTIs tivirapine, a TIBO derivative,3 and loviride, an R-APA derivative ...
... Selective screening of the compound library in cell culture at Janssen Pharmaceutica in 1987, followed by a directed lead optimization program, led to the discovery of the first NNRTIs, the TIBO compounds.2 The first-generation NNRTIs tivirapine, a TIBO derivative,3 and loviride, an R-APA derivative ...
Calcium Ion Exchange in Crystalline Gelsolin
... of G2 followed by a sequence of contacts with actin that pry open the G1-G3 latch.5 In spite of the absence of strict regulation of the actin filament-severing ability of G1-G3, calcium ion binding to this fragment does influence its structure and activity, as demonstrated by a reduced hydrodynamic ...
... of G2 followed by a sequence of contacts with actin that pry open the G1-G3 latch.5 In spite of the absence of strict regulation of the actin filament-severing ability of G1-G3, calcium ion binding to this fragment does influence its structure and activity, as demonstrated by a reduced hydrodynamic ...
Herbivory and Calcium Concentrations Affect
... taken up by the plant will be similar to that absorbed at a `normal' level of calcium. Therefore, it is possible that fewer crystals were formed in seedlings grown in normal and high calcium levels compared to low calcium levels because these seedlings absorbed less calcium. Unlike many studies of C ...
... taken up by the plant will be similar to that absorbed at a `normal' level of calcium. Therefore, it is possible that fewer crystals were formed in seedlings grown in normal and high calcium levels compared to low calcium levels because these seedlings absorbed less calcium. Unlike many studies of C ...
Chiral liquid crystals
... Liquid crystalline materials are fascinating fluids that are widely recognised for their use in devices. Chiral liquid crystalline materials are even more fascinating and have an array of special properties enabling them to be used in new technological application (thermochromics and ferroelectric d ...
... Liquid crystalline materials are fascinating fluids that are widely recognised for their use in devices. Chiral liquid crystalline materials are even more fascinating and have an array of special properties enabling them to be used in new technological application (thermochromics and ferroelectric d ...
Chem Comm H stor Schroder
... Metal–organic co-ordination framework materials have attracted much attention in recent years due to their inherent design flexibility,1 and their potential to form stable, highly-porous scaffolds,2,3 which can be used for gas storage4 and for the adsorption of volatile organic compounds.5 In partic ...
... Metal–organic co-ordination framework materials have attracted much attention in recent years due to their inherent design flexibility,1 and their potential to form stable, highly-porous scaffolds,2,3 which can be used for gas storage4 and for the adsorption of volatile organic compounds.5 In partic ...
Structural changes of injection molded starch during heat treatment
... trates the crystal size derived from the integral width of the peak at 16.9° (2), corresponding to the crystallographic distance of 0.534 nm between the (300) planes,6 as a function of heating temperature. A dotted line is drawn to guide the view of scattered data. According to these results, the fi ...
... trates the crystal size derived from the integral width of the peak at 16.9° (2), corresponding to the crystallographic distance of 0.534 nm between the (300) planes,6 as a function of heating temperature. A dotted line is drawn to guide the view of scattered data. According to these results, the fi ...
CadmiumFurandicarboxylate Coordination Polymers Prepared with
... that MOFs with large pores are of particular interest due to their many applications from catalysis to gas adsorption. It is well reported that bifunctional dicarboxylates served to bridge various metal ions producing many highly porous and catalytically active frameworks.10 Yaghi’s group has develo ...
... that MOFs with large pores are of particular interest due to their many applications from catalysis to gas adsorption. It is well reported that bifunctional dicarboxylates served to bridge various metal ions producing many highly porous and catalytically active frameworks.10 Yaghi’s group has develo ...
Andrea Marino - Université de Rennes 1
... crystals. Many thanks also to Laurent Guerin for its strong moral and ethic support, nevertheless mate of many adventures. A special "grazie" to Sergio Di Matteo for having mostly always answered me to the many bizarre questions on science and for being to me a fantastic therapist and counselor for ...
... crystals. Many thanks also to Laurent Guerin for its strong moral and ethic support, nevertheless mate of many adventures. A special "grazie" to Sergio Di Matteo for having mostly always answered me to the many bizarre questions on science and for being to me a fantastic therapist and counselor for ...
Raman spectroscopy
... - technique for probing vibrational properties of materials (solids, fluids, gases) - vibrational properties depend on the nature (e.g. ionic, covalent), strength and symmetries of chemical bonds in studied materials; hence Raman spectroscopy can reveal these bonding properties ...
... - technique for probing vibrational properties of materials (solids, fluids, gases) - vibrational properties depend on the nature (e.g. ionic, covalent), strength and symmetries of chemical bonds in studied materials; hence Raman spectroscopy can reveal these bonding properties ...
New polyanion-based cathode materials for alkali
... Li3 Fe2(HPO3)3Cl, LiFe(HPO3)2, Li0.8 Fe(H2O)2B[P2O8]•H2O and AFePO4NO3 (A = NH4/Li, K). Furthermore, for each material the electrochemical performance for insertion of Li+ ion has been studied by means of various electrochemical techniques to reveal the nature of alkali ion insertion. In addition Na ...
... Li3 Fe2(HPO3)3Cl, LiFe(HPO3)2, Li0.8 Fe(H2O)2B[P2O8]•H2O and AFePO4NO3 (A = NH4/Li, K). Furthermore, for each material the electrochemical performance for insertion of Li+ ion has been studied by means of various electrochemical techniques to reveal the nature of alkali ion insertion. In addition Na ...
Efficient Ultrafast Frequency Conversion Sources for the
... In this paper, we describe the recent developments in a new class of ultrafast frequency conversion sources, offering unprecedented wavelength coverage in the visible and UV at exceptional average powers and efficiencies. The described systems range from low-pulse-energy, high-repetition-rate femtos ...
... In this paper, we describe the recent developments in a new class of ultrafast frequency conversion sources, offering unprecedented wavelength coverage in the visible and UV at exceptional average powers and efficiencies. The described systems range from low-pulse-energy, high-repetition-rate femtos ...
A Study of Nail-Head Spicule Inclusion in Natural Gemstones
... Figure 1. At left is a classic nail-head spicule in a hydrothermally grown synthetic emerald. On the right is a spicule breaking the surface of a flux-grown synthetic emerald. Note the black material at the surface break. Photomicrographs by John I. Koivula (left, magnified 80×) and G. Choudhary (r ...
... Figure 1. At left is a classic nail-head spicule in a hydrothermally grown synthetic emerald. On the right is a spicule breaking the surface of a flux-grown synthetic emerald. Note the black material at the surface break. Photomicrographs by John I. Koivula (left, magnified 80×) and G. Choudhary (r ...
The effect of boron on the amount and type of carbides in
... Additional carbide type identification was performed by selective etching of the samples of the examined alloys in Murakami reagent (Fig. 4). Using the same alloys, the volume fraction of each eutectic carbide types was detected (Table II), by measuring the segments produced by the test lines on the ...
... Additional carbide type identification was performed by selective etching of the samples of the examined alloys in Murakami reagent (Fig. 4). Using the same alloys, the volume fraction of each eutectic carbide types was detected (Table II), by measuring the segments produced by the test lines on the ...
TextMineralProperties
... paving and building materials. Now that we have considered briefly what makes a mineral valuable, let us discuss what makes a mineral a mineral. Earth scientists consider a mineral to be a naturally occurring solid that is characterized by a definite chemical composition and an atomic pattern regula ...
... paving and building materials. Now that we have considered briefly what makes a mineral valuable, let us discuss what makes a mineral a mineral. Earth scientists consider a mineral to be a naturally occurring solid that is characterized by a definite chemical composition and an atomic pattern regula ...
FELDSPARS, EXSOLUTION, ZONING, and TWINNING
... Albite: Seen only in triclinic feldspars. Albite twins may be growth, deformation, or transformation (formed when the crystal is transformed from mono- to triclinic) twins. Albite twinning is polysynthetic contact twinning. It is seen as numerous individual twins, parallel to each other, in thin sec ...
... Albite: Seen only in triclinic feldspars. Albite twins may be growth, deformation, or transformation (formed when the crystal is transformed from mono- to triclinic) twins. Albite twinning is polysynthetic contact twinning. It is seen as numerous individual twins, parallel to each other, in thin sec ...
Complex defects
... catalysts, etc). Computer modelling now enables detailed analysis of defect chemistry and transport processes, and helps us interpret experimental, see systematic correlations, and predict new and improved materials. Although the increasing accuracy and complexity is welcome and necessary, the simpl ...
... catalysts, etc). Computer modelling now enables detailed analysis of defect chemistry and transport processes, and helps us interpret experimental, see systematic correlations, and predict new and improved materials. Although the increasing accuracy and complexity is welcome and necessary, the simpl ...
Tunneling Transistors Based on Graphene and 2
... Two-dimensional crystals exploded into the limelight in 2004 with the remarkable reports of the isolation of atomically thin graphene [19]–[21]. What is often overlooked is that the early reports [22] also presented evidence of the isolation of single-layers of BNVan insulator or a widebandgap semic ...
... Two-dimensional crystals exploded into the limelight in 2004 with the remarkable reports of the isolation of atomically thin graphene [19]–[21]. What is often overlooked is that the early reports [22] also presented evidence of the isolation of single-layers of BNVan insulator or a widebandgap semic ...
Viscosity changes during crystallization of a shoshonitic magma
... around the rods, and we prepared both normal cross sections and sections tangential to the elongated rods. Subsequently, temperatures were lowered and the sampling procedures were repeated. For each experimental temperature, a new alumina rod was used to avoid any possible contamination from previou ...
... around the rods, and we prepared both normal cross sections and sections tangential to the elongated rods. Subsequently, temperatures were lowered and the sampling procedures were repeated. For each experimental temperature, a new alumina rod was used to avoid any possible contamination from previou ...
Study Of The Electrical Properties For Cr+4:YAG Crystal In A
... and compared with a single passively Q-switched laser (L.Min, et al.,2008). The recovery time of the absorber is affected by the Q-switched laser pulse length and repetition rate , which results in changes of the output power , peak power and pulse duration of a cw-pumped Cr:YAG passively Q-switched ...
... and compared with a single passively Q-switched laser (L.Min, et al.,2008). The recovery time of the absorber is affected by the Q-switched laser pulse length and repetition rate , which results in changes of the output power , peak power and pulse duration of a cw-pumped Cr:YAG passively Q-switched ...
X-ray crystallography
X-ray crystallography is a tool used for identifying the atomic and molecular structure of a crystal, in which the crystalline atoms cause a beam of incident X-rays to diffract into many specific directions. By measuring the angles and intensities of these diffracted beams, a crystallographer can produce a three-dimensional picture of the density of electrons within the crystal. From this electron density, the mean positions of the atoms in the crystal can be determined, as well as their chemical bonds, their disorder and various other information.Since many materials can form crystals—such as salts, metals, minerals, semiconductors, as well as various inorganic, organic and biological molecules—X-ray crystallography has been fundamental in the development of many scientific fields. In its first decades of use, this method determined the size of atoms, the lengths and types of chemical bonds, and the atomic-scale differences among various materials, especially minerals and alloys. The method also revealed the structure and function of many biological molecules, including vitamins, drugs, proteins and nucleic acids such as DNA. X-ray crystallography is still the chief method for characterizing the atomic structure of new materials and in discerning materials that appear similar by other experiments. X-ray crystal structures can also account for unusual electronic or elastic properties of a material, shed light on chemical interactions and processes, or serve as the basis for designing pharmaceuticals against diseases.In a single-crystal X-ray diffraction measurement, a crystal is mounted on a goniometer. The goniometer is used to position the crystal at selected orientations. The crystal is bombarded with a finely focused monochromatic beam of X-rays, producing a diffraction pattern of regularly spaced spots known as reflections. The two-dimensional images taken at different rotations are converted into a three-dimensional model of the density of electrons within the crystal using the mathematical method of Fourier transforms, combined with chemical data known for the sample. Poor resolution (fuzziness) or even errors may result if the crystals are too small, or not uniform enough in their internal makeup.X-ray crystallography is related to several other methods for determining atomic structures. Similar diffraction patterns can be produced by scattering electrons or neutrons, which are likewise interpreted by Fourier transformation. If single crystals of sufficient size cannot be obtained, various other X-ray methods can be applied to obtain less detailed information; such methods include fiber diffraction, powder diffraction and (if the sample is not crystallized) small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS).If the material under investigation is only available in the form of nanocrystalline powders or suffers from poor crystallinity, the methods of electron crystallography can be applied for determining the atomic structure.For all above mentioned X-ray diffraction methods, the scattering is elastic; the scattered X-rays have the same wavelength as the incoming X-ray. By contrast, inelastic X-ray scattering methods are useful in studying excitations of the sample, rather than the distribution of its atoms.