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supplemental materials
... these regions contain fragmented density (not shown) indicating local conformational heterogeneity. Some regions of poor correlation are due to the incompleteness of the atomic model. For example, density is present in the cryo-EM map that probably corresponds to the Shine-Dalgarno sequence at the 5 ...
... these regions contain fragmented density (not shown) indicating local conformational heterogeneity. Some regions of poor correlation are due to the incompleteness of the atomic model. For example, density is present in the cryo-EM map that probably corresponds to the Shine-Dalgarno sequence at the 5 ...
Negative refraction without negative index in metallic photonic crystals
... analysis suffices for all 2D effects, and a 3D crystal can realize truly 3D phenomena. Compared to its all-dielectric counterpart, a metallic photonic crystal also possesses some differences and even advantages in achieving negative refraction. The most significant advantage is that the required refract ...
... analysis suffices for all 2D effects, and a 3D crystal can realize truly 3D phenomena. Compared to its all-dielectric counterpart, a metallic photonic crystal also possesses some differences and even advantages in achieving negative refraction. The most significant advantage is that the required refract ...
On the small-angle X-ray scattering of rigid-rod
... between regions of different orders is an extension of the two-phase crystalline and non-crystalline model and is not unique to rigid-rod polymers. The structure of acrylic fibres is best envisioned as consisting of two-dimensionally ordered and oriented amorphous regions 4°. As already mentioned, t ...
... between regions of different orders is an extension of the two-phase crystalline and non-crystalline model and is not unique to rigid-rod polymers. The structure of acrylic fibres is best envisioned as consisting of two-dimensionally ordered and oriented amorphous regions 4°. As already mentioned, t ...
Schramm and P. Scott Hefty L. Yuan, Scott Lovell, Kevin P. Battaile
... denitrificans (4JWT). Representations of all structures were generated using PyMol (27). Calculations of electrostatic potentials at the molecular surface were carried out using DELPHI (28). The program CONSURF was used to plot levels of amino acid sequence conservation on the molecular surface (29) ...
... denitrificans (4JWT). Representations of all structures were generated using PyMol (27). Calculations of electrostatic potentials at the molecular surface were carried out using DELPHI (28). The program CONSURF was used to plot levels of amino acid sequence conservation on the molecular surface (29) ...
Crystal Form
... When two or more minerals contain the same elements in the same amounts but they are arranged different it is a POLYMORPH ...
... When two or more minerals contain the same elements in the same amounts but they are arranged different it is a POLYMORPH ...
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... the manner in which a mineral breaks other than along planes of cleavage. The hardness of a mineral is determined by its resistance to scratching, which is controlled by the bond strength between the atoms in the mineral. Mineral hardness is measured by geologists, using the Mohs hardness scale and ...
... the manner in which a mineral breaks other than along planes of cleavage. The hardness of a mineral is determined by its resistance to scratching, which is controlled by the bond strength between the atoms in the mineral. Mineral hardness is measured by geologists, using the Mohs hardness scale and ...
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... the manner in which a mineral breaks other than along planes of cleavage. The hardness of a mineral is determined by its resistance to scratching, which is controlled by the bond strength between the atoms in the mineral. Mineral hardness is measured by geologists, using the Mohs hardness scale and ...
... the manner in which a mineral breaks other than along planes of cleavage. The hardness of a mineral is determined by its resistance to scratching, which is controlled by the bond strength between the atoms in the mineral. Mineral hardness is measured by geologists, using the Mohs hardness scale and ...
Crystallization of charge holes in the spin ladder of Sr14Cu24O41
... (H,K,L L) ¼ (0,0,0.2) at T ¼ 28 K, for X-ray energies both off and on the MCP of the ladder. Off resonance, only a specular ‘rod’ is visible, due to reflectance from the sample surface. If tuned to the ladder MCP, however, a pronounced superlattice reflection appears, centred at (H,K,L L) ¼ (0,0,0.2 ...
... (H,K,L L) ¼ (0,0,0.2) at T ¼ 28 K, for X-ray energies both off and on the MCP of the ladder. Off resonance, only a specular ‘rod’ is visible, due to reflectance from the sample surface. If tuned to the ladder MCP, however, a pronounced superlattice reflection appears, centred at (H,K,L L) ¼ (0,0,0.2 ...
Crystal Properties and Growth of Semiconductors
... The three integers h, k, and l are called the Miller indices; these three numbers define a set of parallel planes in the lattice. One advantage of taking the reciprocals of the intercepts is avoidance of infinities in the notation. One intercept is infinity for a plane parallel to an axis; however, ...
... The three integers h, k, and l are called the Miller indices; these three numbers define a set of parallel planes in the lattice. One advantage of taking the reciprocals of the intercepts is avoidance of infinities in the notation. One intercept is infinity for a plane parallel to an axis; however, ...
An Enzyme–Substrate Complex Defines the Cata
... other hand, the molecular details of the enzymatic mechanism of GAG lyases are still poorly understood. A chemically plausible mechanism for the b elimination reaction has been proposed;7 however, the constitution of the active site and the roles of individual amino acids are not clear. A number of ...
... other hand, the molecular details of the enzymatic mechanism of GAG lyases are still poorly understood. A chemically plausible mechanism for the b elimination reaction has been proposed;7 however, the constitution of the active site and the roles of individual amino acids are not clear. A number of ...
Supplementary material
... a 20% final concentration, and then flash frozen in liquid nitrogen. Crystal form B was much more fragile than form A and could only be stabilized in the mother liquor with increasing concentrations of magnesium acetate to 1.36 M as cryoprotectant. Before cocrystals of the 10E5/IIb3 complex with d ...
... a 20% final concentration, and then flash frozen in liquid nitrogen. Crystal form B was much more fragile than form A and could only be stabilized in the mother liquor with increasing concentrations of magnesium acetate to 1.36 M as cryoprotectant. Before cocrystals of the 10E5/IIb3 complex with d ...
The Photographic Latent Image From an old Kodak web page As
... Many materials discolor on exposure to light--a pine board or the human skin, for example-and thus could conceivably be used to record images. However, most such systems reset to exposure on a "1:1" basis, in that one photon of light results in the production of one altered molecule or atom. The pro ...
... Many materials discolor on exposure to light--a pine board or the human skin, for example-and thus could conceivably be used to record images. However, most such systems reset to exposure on a "1:1" basis, in that one photon of light results in the production of one altered molecule or atom. The pro ...
Atoms
... Atoms – basic building blocks for all earth materials; consist of 3 basic components: protons, neutrons, electrons ...
... Atoms – basic building blocks for all earth materials; consist of 3 basic components: protons, neutrons, electrons ...
manipulating colloidal crystallization for photonic
... Photonic crystals are regular three-dimensional (3D) structures with which the propagation and spontaneous emission of photons can be manipulated in new ways if the feature sizes are roughly half the wavelength and the coupling with the electromagnetic radiation is sufficiently strong. ‘Early’ specu ...
... Photonic crystals are regular three-dimensional (3D) structures with which the propagation and spontaneous emission of photons can be manipulated in new ways if the feature sizes are roughly half the wavelength and the coupling with the electromagnetic radiation is sufficiently strong. ‘Early’ specu ...
Absorption Techniques in X
... transform method to obtain local structural information on condensed systems. Owing to their Fourier analysis, we do not need to solve the Schrödinger equation directly to obtain the local structure of matter. EXAFS had at that time great potential to be developed as a powerful method of analyzing ...
... transform method to obtain local structural information on condensed systems. Owing to their Fourier analysis, we do not need to solve the Schrödinger equation directly to obtain the local structure of matter. EXAFS had at that time great potential to be developed as a powerful method of analyzing ...
M F L OLDING THE
... We can cast Maxwell’s equations for the propagation of light in mixed, loss-less dielectric media in a form reminiscent of Schrödinger’s equation. Consequently, we can use techniques for studying electrons in solids to study photon modes in photonic crystals.4,5 The main differences are that electro ...
... We can cast Maxwell’s equations for the propagation of light in mixed, loss-less dielectric media in a form reminiscent of Schrödinger’s equation. Consequently, we can use techniques for studying electrons in solids to study photon modes in photonic crystals.4,5 The main differences are that electro ...
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... Calculation results and their discussion The superficial phenomena in the water (рН) – multicomponent crystal substance (III-V compounds) system are investigated for a long time, but the formation mechanism and the structure of the interphase boundary in connection with the treatment conditions of m ...
... Calculation results and their discussion The superficial phenomena in the water (рН) – multicomponent crystal substance (III-V compounds) system are investigated for a long time, but the formation mechanism and the structure of the interphase boundary in connection with the treatment conditions of m ...
Double Charge Ordering States and Spin Ordering State Observed
... than 300 K. These two Raman peaks cannot be assigned to higherorder Raman or IR modes since they appear only when T is higher than 300 K. Various diffraction techniques and theoretical analysis have been applied to the LuFe2O4 systems, which suggested a 3D CO to 2D CO transition that occurs at a sim ...
... than 300 K. These two Raman peaks cannot be assigned to higherorder Raman or IR modes since they appear only when T is higher than 300 K. Various diffraction techniques and theoretical analysis have been applied to the LuFe2O4 systems, which suggested a 3D CO to 2D CO transition that occurs at a sim ...
solid state qp
... higher valence replaces more than one cation of lower valence so as to keep the crystal electrically neutral. As a result, some sites become vacant. For example, when Sr2+ is added to NaCl, each Sr2+ ion replaces two Na+ ions. However, one Sr2+ ion occupies the site of one Na+ ion and the other site ...
... higher valence replaces more than one cation of lower valence so as to keep the crystal electrically neutral. As a result, some sites become vacant. For example, when Sr2+ is added to NaCl, each Sr2+ ion replaces two Na+ ions. However, one Sr2+ ion occupies the site of one Na+ ion and the other site ...
Minerals Outline •Definition •Structure •Physical Properties
... •Two or more minerals with same chemical composition but different crystalline structures (shapes) –The transformation of one polymorph to another = phase change Diamond and graphite – polymorphs of carbon Physical properties of minerals ...
... •Two or more minerals with same chemical composition but different crystalline structures (shapes) –The transformation of one polymorph to another = phase change Diamond and graphite – polymorphs of carbon Physical properties of minerals ...
Application of inelastic X-ray scattering to the
... We will describe some recent advances in experimental mineral physics which yield essential information on the elastic properties of pertinent materials of Earth’s mantle and core. In particular, we show that inelastic X-ray scattering (IXS) proves to be a well suited spectroscopic technique for the ...
... We will describe some recent advances in experimental mineral physics which yield essential information on the elastic properties of pertinent materials of Earth’s mantle and core. In particular, we show that inelastic X-ray scattering (IXS) proves to be a well suited spectroscopic technique for the ...
Igneous Rocks
... Be able to explain why igneous rocks are important. Be able to explain how each variety of igneous rock forms. Be able to explain what characteristics are used to identify igneous rocks. Be able to tell one common igneous rock from another. Be able to identify intrusive formations where igneous rock ...
... Be able to explain why igneous rocks are important. Be able to explain how each variety of igneous rock forms. Be able to explain what characteristics are used to identify igneous rocks. Be able to tell one common igneous rock from another. Be able to identify intrusive formations where igneous rock ...
Ribosome engineering to promote new crystal forms
... Crystallographic studies of the ribosome have provided molecular details of protein synthesis. However, the crystallization of functional complexes of ribosomes with GTPase translation factors proved to be elusive for a decade after the first ribosome structures were determined. Analysis of the pack ...
... Crystallographic studies of the ribosome have provided molecular details of protein synthesis. However, the crystallization of functional complexes of ribosomes with GTPase translation factors proved to be elusive for a decade after the first ribosome structures were determined. Analysis of the pack ...
X-ray crystallography
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X-ray crystallography is a tool used for identifying the atomic and molecular structure of a crystal, in which the crystalline atoms cause a beam of incident X-rays to diffract into many specific directions. By measuring the angles and intensities of these diffracted beams, a crystallographer can produce a three-dimensional picture of the density of electrons within the crystal. From this electron density, the mean positions of the atoms in the crystal can be determined, as well as their chemical bonds, their disorder and various other information.Since many materials can form crystals—such as salts, metals, minerals, semiconductors, as well as various inorganic, organic and biological molecules—X-ray crystallography has been fundamental in the development of many scientific fields. In its first decades of use, this method determined the size of atoms, the lengths and types of chemical bonds, and the atomic-scale differences among various materials, especially minerals and alloys. The method also revealed the structure and function of many biological molecules, including vitamins, drugs, proteins and nucleic acids such as DNA. X-ray crystallography is still the chief method for characterizing the atomic structure of new materials and in discerning materials that appear similar by other experiments. X-ray crystal structures can also account for unusual electronic or elastic properties of a material, shed light on chemical interactions and processes, or serve as the basis for designing pharmaceuticals against diseases.In a single-crystal X-ray diffraction measurement, a crystal is mounted on a goniometer. The goniometer is used to position the crystal at selected orientations. The crystal is bombarded with a finely focused monochromatic beam of X-rays, producing a diffraction pattern of regularly spaced spots known as reflections. The two-dimensional images taken at different rotations are converted into a three-dimensional model of the density of electrons within the crystal using the mathematical method of Fourier transforms, combined with chemical data known for the sample. Poor resolution (fuzziness) or even errors may result if the crystals are too small, or not uniform enough in their internal makeup.X-ray crystallography is related to several other methods for determining atomic structures. Similar diffraction patterns can be produced by scattering electrons or neutrons, which are likewise interpreted by Fourier transformation. If single crystals of sufficient size cannot be obtained, various other X-ray methods can be applied to obtain less detailed information; such methods include fiber diffraction, powder diffraction and (if the sample is not crystallized) small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS).If the material under investigation is only available in the form of nanocrystalline powders or suffers from poor crystallinity, the methods of electron crystallography can be applied for determining the atomic structure.For all above mentioned X-ray diffraction methods, the scattering is elastic; the scattered X-rays have the same wavelength as the incoming X-ray. By contrast, inelastic X-ray scattering methods are useful in studying excitations of the sample, rather than the distribution of its atoms.