1 Speed of light is the maximal possible speed 2 Adding velocities
... Now let us examine this measurement from the point of view of the observer on the Earth. From her point of view, the length of spaceship A is smaller than L0 . And the moving stopwatches slow down compared to watches left on the Earth, so the time measured by the watches on the Earth is longer than ...
... Now let us examine this measurement from the point of view of the observer on the Earth. From her point of view, the length of spaceship A is smaller than L0 . And the moving stopwatches slow down compared to watches left on the Earth, so the time measured by the watches on the Earth is longer than ...
Physics 11 with elaborations - BC Curriculum
... • evidence: — black body radiation — Max Plank’s quantum hypothesis — photon theory — double-slit experiment • Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle: Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle as it applies to position, velocity, momentum, and energy • de Broglie: Consider why the wavelike nature of matter can ...
... • evidence: — black body radiation — Max Plank’s quantum hypothesis — photon theory — double-slit experiment • Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle: Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle as it applies to position, velocity, momentum, and energy • de Broglie: Consider why the wavelike nature of matter can ...
Exam 2013 with Answers File - QMplus
... Identify a frame S’ in which events O and A occur at the same place. What is the time between events O and A in this frame? Give the value of for the relative speed between S and S’ and state how the time interval of 13 in S is related to the time interval in S’. [On a Minkowski diagram, if they d ...
... Identify a frame S’ in which events O and A occur at the same place. What is the time between events O and A in this frame? Give the value of for the relative speed between S and S’ and state how the time interval of 13 in S is related to the time interval in S’. [On a Minkowski diagram, if they d ...
Physics 2170
... More and more of your physics assignments will be like that. Most of the Physics 1110 and 1120 problems could be done with plugging numbers into a formula or perhaps 2 lines of algebra before plugging numbers in. The new physics problems will often have multiple line derivations with messy algebra i ...
... More and more of your physics assignments will be like that. Most of the Physics 1110 and 1120 problems could be done with plugging numbers into a formula or perhaps 2 lines of algebra before plugging numbers in. The new physics problems will often have multiple line derivations with messy algebra i ...
Space #2
... identify data sources, gather, analyse and present information on the contribution of one of the following to the development of space exploration: Tsiolkovsky, Oberth, Goddard, Esnault-Pelterie, O‘Neill or von Braun. Considered the theoretical father of rocketry, he theorised many aspects of space ...
... identify data sources, gather, analyse and present information on the contribution of one of the following to the development of space exploration: Tsiolkovsky, Oberth, Goddard, Esnault-Pelterie, O‘Neill or von Braun. Considered the theoretical father of rocketry, he theorised many aspects of space ...
Modern Physics
... • The laws of physics must be the same for all inertial reference frames: these laws have the same mathematical form for all observers moving at constant velocity with respect to one another • The speed of light is always constant: The measured value (3x108 m/s) is independent of the motion of the o ...
... • The laws of physics must be the same for all inertial reference frames: these laws have the same mathematical form for all observers moving at constant velocity with respect to one another • The speed of light is always constant: The measured value (3x108 m/s) is independent of the motion of the o ...
m 0
... Example, 10 kg of mass, if converted into pure energy, it will be equivalent to E = mc2 = 10 x (3 x108) 2 J = 9 x1017J – equivalent to a few tons of TNT explosive ...
... Example, 10 kg of mass, if converted into pure energy, it will be equivalent to E = mc2 = 10 x (3 x108) 2 J = 9 x1017J – equivalent to a few tons of TNT explosive ...
Electric Fields II
... 8. Copy the figure below to your paper. This figure shows electric field lines. The electric field is constant and is equal to 1,000 N/C in the +Y direction. Draw four or five equipotential lines and label them with locations and values. (Hint: The V = 0 line is your choice, as are the scale and dis ...
... 8. Copy the figure below to your paper. This figure shows electric field lines. The electric field is constant and is equal to 1,000 N/C in the +Y direction. Draw four or five equipotential lines and label them with locations and values. (Hint: The V = 0 line is your choice, as are the scale and dis ...
Electric Fields II
... 8. Copy the figure below to your paper. This figure shows electric field lines. The electric field is constant and is equal to 1,000 N/C in the +Y direction. Draw four or five equipotential lines and label them with locations and values. (Hint: The V = 0 line is your choice, as are the scale and dis ...
... 8. Copy the figure below to your paper. This figure shows electric field lines. The electric field is constant and is equal to 1,000 N/C in the +Y direction. Draw four or five equipotential lines and label them with locations and values. (Hint: The V = 0 line is your choice, as are the scale and dis ...
BlackBubbles2011
... spinning mass as an example of algebraically special metrics” Phys. Rev. Lett. 11 237--238 • Brandon Carter (1968) “Global structure of the Kerr family of gravitational fields” Phys. Rev. 174 ...
... spinning mass as an example of algebraically special metrics” Phys. Rev. Lett. 11 237--238 • Brandon Carter (1968) “Global structure of the Kerr family of gravitational fields” Phys. Rev. 174 ...
gravitation and cogravitation
... component of Lorentz’s force law, namely, F = qE + q(v × B). As it happens with most textbooks on electromagnetism, Jefimenko did not specify the meaning of the velocity v which appears in his force law. Is it the velocity of the test particle relative to what? It is essential to clarify this questi ...
... component of Lorentz’s force law, namely, F = qE + q(v × B). As it happens with most textbooks on electromagnetism, Jefimenko did not specify the meaning of the velocity v which appears in his force law. Is it the velocity of the test particle relative to what? It is essential to clarify this questi ...
Euler Force
... Relating rotating frames to stationary frames The following is a derivation of the formulas for accelerations as well as fictitious forces in a rotating frame. It begins with the rel relation ation between a particle's coordinates in a rotating frame and its coordinates in an inertial (stationary) f ...
... Relating rotating frames to stationary frames The following is a derivation of the formulas for accelerations as well as fictitious forces in a rotating frame. It begins with the rel relation ation between a particle's coordinates in a rotating frame and its coordinates in an inertial (stationary) f ...
The Maxwell Equations, the Lorentz Field and the Electromagnetic
... 4. Equations of the electromagnetic nanofield Maxwell’ s equations describe electromagnetic phenomena which are characterized by a propagation of continuous electromagnetic waves. Generally it is supposed that also light propagates by electromagnetic waves but we proved[5] light and the other radia ...
... 4. Equations of the electromagnetic nanofield Maxwell’ s equations describe electromagnetic phenomena which are characterized by a propagation of continuous electromagnetic waves. Generally it is supposed that also light propagates by electromagnetic waves but we proved[5] light and the other radia ...
Course: Physics 11 Big Ideas Elaborations: CORE MODULES: 1
... double –slit experiment Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle: Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle as it applies to position, velocity, momentum and energy de Broglie: consider why the wavelike nature of matter can only be observed at a subatomic level applications of quantum theory: e.g., quantum com ...
... double –slit experiment Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle: Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle as it applies to position, velocity, momentum and energy de Broglie: consider why the wavelike nature of matter can only be observed at a subatomic level applications of quantum theory: e.g., quantum com ...
BlackBubbles2011
... spinning mass as an example of algebraically special metrics” Phys. Rev. Lett. 11 237--238 • Brandon Carter (1968) “Global structure of the Kerr family of gravitational fields” Phys. Rev. 174 ...
... spinning mass as an example of algebraically special metrics” Phys. Rev. Lett. 11 237--238 • Brandon Carter (1968) “Global structure of the Kerr family of gravitational fields” Phys. Rev. 174 ...
The more momentum an object has, the more difficult it is to stop
... When stopping an object, the impulse will be the change in momentum and therefore will be the same number regardless of the time involved. However, the force can change drastically depending upon the amount of time in which the object is brought to a halt. As the length of time is increased, the for ...
... When stopping an object, the impulse will be the change in momentum and therefore will be the same number regardless of the time involved. However, the force can change drastically depending upon the amount of time in which the object is brought to a halt. As the length of time is increased, the for ...
Chapter 3: Relativistic dynamics
... So a four-velocity vector always squares to −c2 , regardless of the value of the 3-velocity. Let’s summarize what we’ve learned a bit more geometrically. The worldline x(τ ) describes some trajectory through spacetime. At every event along this worldline, the four-velocity u = dx/dτ is a 4-vector wh ...
... So a four-velocity vector always squares to −c2 , regardless of the value of the 3-velocity. Let’s summarize what we’ve learned a bit more geometrically. The worldline x(τ ) describes some trajectory through spacetime. At every event along this worldline, the four-velocity u = dx/dτ is a 4-vector wh ...
Speed of Light
... Michelson & Morley determined that their apparatus was sensitive to about 0.01 shifts, and they expected NO LESS than 0.20 shifts. RESULT: Michelson & Morley detected about 0.01 shifts - a null result! Either the earth is stationary in the universe, (which we know it isn’t), or there is something wr ...
... Michelson & Morley determined that their apparatus was sensitive to about 0.01 shifts, and they expected NO LESS than 0.20 shifts. RESULT: Michelson & Morley detected about 0.01 shifts - a null result! Either the earth is stationary in the universe, (which we know it isn’t), or there is something wr ...
Physics 2170
... Conservation of momentum So the relativistic momentum is: p u mu Note the addition of a subscript on . Our previous use of was to relate between two different frames with a relative velocity of v. In contrast, u is associated with a particle. If we measure p=umu in one inertial frame we ca ...
... Conservation of momentum So the relativistic momentum is: p u mu Note the addition of a subscript on . Our previous use of was to relate between two different frames with a relative velocity of v. In contrast, u is associated with a particle. If we measure p=umu in one inertial frame we ca ...
March 3 - Astronomy
... General Theory of Relativity Gravity is the same as the effects of acceleration, caused by a warping of spacetime Slows the passage of time Bends the path of light Causes light to be redshifted ...
... General Theory of Relativity Gravity is the same as the effects of acceleration, caused by a warping of spacetime Slows the passage of time Bends the path of light Causes light to be redshifted ...
Special relativity
In physics, special relativity (SR, also known as the special theory of relativity or STR) is the generally accepted physical theory regarding the relationship between space and time. It is based on two postulates: (1) that the laws of physics are invariant (i.e. identical) in all inertial systems (non-accelerating frames of reference); and (2) that the speed of light in a vacuum is the same for all observers, regardless of the motion of the light source. It was originally proposed in 1905 by Albert Einstein in the paper ""On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies"". The inconsistency of Newtonian mechanics with Maxwell’s equations of electromagnetism and the inability to discover Earth's motion through a luminiferous aether led to the development of special relativity, which corrects mechanics to handle situations involving motions nearing the speed of light. As of today, special relativity is the most accurate model of motion at any speed. Even so, Newtonian mechanics is still useful (due to its simplicity and high accuracy) as an approximation at small velocities relative to the speed of light.Special relativity implies a wide range of consequences, which have been experimentally verified, including length contraction, time dilation, relativistic mass, mass–energy equivalence, a universal speed limit, and relativity of simultaneity. It has replaced the conventional notion of an absolute universal time with the notion of a time that is dependent on reference frame and spatial position. Rather than an invariant time interval between two events, there is an invariant spacetime interval. Combined with other laws of physics, the two postulates of special relativity predict the equivalence of mass and energy, as expressed in the mass–energy equivalence formula E = mc2, where c is the speed of light in vacuum.A defining feature of special relativity is the replacement of the Galilean transformations of Newtonian mechanics with the Lorentz transformations. Time and space cannot be defined separately from each other. Rather space and time are interwoven into a single continuum known as spacetime. Events that occur at the same time for one observer could occur at different times for another.The theory is ""special"" in that it only applies in the special case where the curvature of spacetime due to gravity is negligible. In order to include gravity, Einstein formulated general relativity in 1915. (Special relativity, contrary to some outdated descriptions, is capable of handling accelerated frames of reference.)As Galilean relativity is now considered an approximation of special relativity that is valid for low speeds, special relativity is considered an approximation of general relativity that is valid for weak gravitational fields, i.e. at a sufficiently small scale and in conditions of free fall. Whereas general relativity incorporates noneuclidean geometry in order to represent gravitational effects as the geometric curvature of spacetime, special relativity is restricted to the flat spacetime known as Minkowski space. A locally Lorentz-invariant frame that abides by special relativity can be defined at sufficiently small scales, even in curved spacetime.Galileo Galilei had already postulated that there is no absolute and well-defined state of rest (no privileged reference frames), a principle now called Galileo's principle of relativity. Einstein extended this principle so that it accounted for the constant speed of light, a phenomenon that had been recently observed in the Michelson–Morley experiment. He also postulated that it holds for all the laws of physics, including both the laws of mechanics and of electrodynamics.