ch02
... around the World • The U.S. has not been the fastestgrowing economy in the world – a number of other countries at different levels of industrialization, development, and material productivity a century ago have now converged – their current levels of productivity, economic structures, and standards ...
... around the World • The U.S. has not been the fastestgrowing economy in the world – a number of other countries at different levels of industrialization, development, and material productivity a century ago have now converged – their current levels of productivity, economic structures, and standards ...
PERPETUATING THE GLOBAL DIVISION OF LABOUR: DEFENSIVE FREE TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT
... a specialization in high value added goods. Yet, this process is less relevant in sectors of low value added goods. Further, the presence of increasing returns to scale in high value added sectors may set in motion a process of sustained endogenous growth, where a high rate of productivity leads to ...
... a specialization in high value added goods. Yet, this process is less relevant in sectors of low value added goods. Further, the presence of increasing returns to scale in high value added sectors may set in motion a process of sustained endogenous growth, where a high rate of productivity leads to ...
Financial liberalization, growth, productivity and capital
... financial activity in the area. Considering both kinds of effects, internal to the area and those going beyond it, although the bulk of evidence speaks in favor of bilateral financial transactions between the members of the Eurozone, the expectation is that the effects would spread outside of the eu ...
... financial activity in the area. Considering both kinds of effects, internal to the area and those going beyond it, although the bulk of evidence speaks in favor of bilateral financial transactions between the members of the Eurozone, the expectation is that the effects would spread outside of the eu ...
A Question with Implications for Sustainable Economic Growth
... labor from inland and rural regions continues, China will continue to enjoy a demographic dividend for longer than has been estimated on the basis of population dynamics. 5. However, China’s surplus labor resources are not infinite. Nor will it be possible to utilize all surplus labor. Of particula ...
... labor from inland and rural regions continues, China will continue to enjoy a demographic dividend for longer than has been estimated on the basis of population dynamics. 5. However, China’s surplus labor resources are not infinite. Nor will it be possible to utilize all surplus labor. Of particula ...
Empirical Analysis on the Relationship Between Logistics Industry
... Logistics,called ‘the source of third profit’[1], is considered the artery and elementary industry of national economic development and has been growing rapidly, which has presented new challenges on the development of China’s urban logistics and at the same time makes it an important part of the re ...
... Logistics,called ‘the source of third profit’[1], is considered the artery and elementary industry of national economic development and has been growing rapidly, which has presented new challenges on the development of China’s urban logistics and at the same time makes it an important part of the re ...
INFLUENCE OF ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL FACTORS ON THE
... governments were trying to find the sources for military production financing, many of them chose to do so by running into budget deficits. Increased budget expenditures gave additional job places for people and incentives to work more. During the depression national income falls and tax receipts ha ...
... governments were trying to find the sources for military production financing, many of them chose to do so by running into budget deficits. Increased budget expenditures gave additional job places for people and incentives to work more. During the depression national income falls and tax receipts ha ...
Economic Growth and Energy
... have placed a very heavy emphasis on the role of energy and its availability in the economic production and growth processes. The first law of thermodynamics (the conservation law) implies the mass-balance principle. In order to obtain a given material output, greater or equal quantities of matter m ...
... have placed a very heavy emphasis on the role of energy and its availability in the economic production and growth processes. The first law of thermodynamics (the conservation law) implies the mass-balance principle. In order to obtain a given material output, greater or equal quantities of matter m ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES REBALANCING GROWTH IN ASIA Eswar S. Prasad
... employment growth, which in turn could have distributional consequences. This analysis shows some striking patterns in Chinese growth during this decade, with investment accounting for half of GDP growth, the share of private consumption in overall GDP dropping to about one-third (the lowest in the ...
... employment growth, which in turn could have distributional consequences. This analysis shows some striking patterns in Chinese growth during this decade, with investment accounting for half of GDP growth, the share of private consumption in overall GDP dropping to about one-third (the lowest in the ...
Russia: RenCap-NES Macro Monitor
... of cutting rates; and choose not to delve into the details here, as they are well-known and have been discussed ad nauseam over the past half-year or so. Suffice it to say that the key debate here has evolved around the differing monetary policy implications of the fact that the Russian economy has ...
... of cutting rates; and choose not to delve into the details here, as they are well-known and have been discussed ad nauseam over the past half-year or so. Suffice it to say that the key debate here has evolved around the differing monetary policy implications of the fact that the Russian economy has ...
research paper series Research Paper 2006/36
... indicators measuring the level of state interventionism in finance (credit provided by the four main stateowned banks over total credit or GDP; ratio of loans to deposits of the state-owned banks); and indicators measuring the degree of market driven financing in the economy (share of fixed assets i ...
... indicators measuring the level of state interventionism in finance (credit provided by the four main stateowned banks over total credit or GDP; ratio of loans to deposits of the state-owned banks); and indicators measuring the degree of market driven financing in the economy (share of fixed assets i ...
First draft
... poor and rich regions across Mexico. Today, regional disparities among Mexican regions are one of the main problems of the country. There is extensive literature about Mexico and its economic disparities. Esquivel (1999), using a regression model, analyzed the divergence between Mexican regions duri ...
... poor and rich regions across Mexico. Today, regional disparities among Mexican regions are one of the main problems of the country. There is extensive literature about Mexico and its economic disparities. Esquivel (1999), using a regression model, analyzed the divergence between Mexican regions duri ...
real wage rate
... The amount of job search unemployment changes over time and the main sources of these changes are Demographic change Unemployment compensation Structural change ...
... The amount of job search unemployment changes over time and the main sources of these changes are Demographic change Unemployment compensation Structural change ...
WORLD ECONOMIC OUTLOOK, September 2003--Chapter 1
... commodity prices are projected to rise moderately, aided by rising global activity and the fading of earlier supply shocks (see Appendix 1.2 “Nonenergy Commodity Prices and Semiconductor Markets”). At the current conjuncture, several issues remain important in assessing the speed and nature of the r ...
... commodity prices are projected to rise moderately, aided by rising global activity and the fading of earlier supply shocks (see Appendix 1.2 “Nonenergy Commodity Prices and Semiconductor Markets”). At the current conjuncture, several issues remain important in assessing the speed and nature of the r ...
Stable growth with a more balanced demand structure
... Fiscal policy is likely to remain a key dr iver of growth support in 2017, but the policy mix may tilt towar ds promoting consumer demand vs. invest ment spending. We will likely see more efforts towards tax cuts and subsidies to promote personal income & consumption growth, as well as increased pub ...
... Fiscal policy is likely to remain a key dr iver of growth support in 2017, but the policy mix may tilt towar ds promoting consumer demand vs. invest ment spending. We will likely see more efforts towards tax cuts and subsidies to promote personal income & consumption growth, as well as increased pub ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES DOLLARIZATION, INFLATION AND GROWTH Sebastian Edwards I. Igal Magendzo
... Dollarization Experiences During 1970-1998 ...
... Dollarization Experiences During 1970-1998 ...
EU Economy Review 2006 – Adjustment Dynamics in the Euro Area
... The economic model is designed to explore interactions between each national economy and the remainder of the euro area. In particular, it analyses how the traded and non-traded goods sectors behave, and it identifies separately developments in residential investment. A brief description of the mode ...
... The economic model is designed to explore interactions between each national economy and the remainder of the euro area. In particular, it analyses how the traded and non-traded goods sectors behave, and it identifies separately developments in residential investment. A brief description of the mode ...
Economic growth
Economic growth is the increase in the inflation-adjusted market value of the goods and services produced by an economy over time. It is conventionally measured as the percent rate of increase in real gross domestic product, or real GDP. Of more importance is the growth of the ratio of GDP to population (GDP per capita, which is also called per capita income). An increase in growth caused by more efficient use of inputs (such as physical capital, population, or territory) is referred to as intensive growth. GDP growth caused only by increases in the amount of inputs available for use is called extensive growth.In economics, ""economic growth"" or ""economic growth theory"" typically refers to growth of potential output, i.e., production at ""full employment"". As an area of study, economic growth is generally distinguished from development economics. The former is primarily the study of how countries can advance their economies. The latter is the study of the economic development process particularly in low-income countries.Growth is usually calculated in real terms – i.e., inflation-adjusted terms – to eliminate the distorting effect of inflation on the price of goods produced. Measurement of economic growth uses national income accounting. Since economic growth is measured as the annual percent change of gross domestic product (GDP), it has all the advantages and drawbacks of that measure.