Module 18 - World Bank Group
... complex one, a simple explanation will be helpful for understanding. If transport costs were very high and the market demands (people) were dispersed, small industrial nodes should be constructed across territories to avoid shipping costs of final goods. Then if transport costs decreased gradually, ...
... complex one, a simple explanation will be helpful for understanding. If transport costs were very high and the market demands (people) were dispersed, small industrial nodes should be constructed across territories to avoid shipping costs of final goods. Then if transport costs decreased gradually, ...
Chapter-7 FIVE YEAR PLANS Introduction : 7.1 Indian planning is
... 7.1 Indian planning is an open process. Much of the controversy and the debates that accompany the preparation of the plans are public. The initial aggregate calculations and assumptions are either explicitly stated or readily deducible, and the makers of the plans are not only sensitive but respons ...
... 7.1 Indian planning is an open process. Much of the controversy and the debates that accompany the preparation of the plans are public. The initial aggregate calculations and assumptions are either explicitly stated or readily deducible, and the makers of the plans are not only sensitive but respons ...
Get cached
... The higher A, the greater the responsiveness of the average growth rate to the gap between log('*) and log[ y(0)], that is, the more rapid the convergence to the steady state. The model implies conditional convergencein that, for given x and 9*, the growth rate is higher the lower y(0). The converge ...
... The higher A, the greater the responsiveness of the average growth rate to the gap between log('*) and log[ y(0)], that is, the more rapid the convergence to the steady state. The model implies conditional convergencein that, for given x and 9*, the growth rate is higher the lower y(0). The converge ...
TD Economics
... Given that offshore outsourcing of commercial services is not just a passing fad but rather the beginning of a permanent structural shift similar to that seen in the goods sector, an understanding of these trends and what it means for the Canadian economy is crucial. The good news is that so far, ...
... Given that offshore outsourcing of commercial services is not just a passing fad but rather the beginning of a permanent structural shift similar to that seen in the goods sector, an understanding of these trends and what it means for the Canadian economy is crucial. The good news is that so far, ...
Convergence The Harvard community has made this article openly
... The higher A, the greater the responsiveness of the average growth rate to the gap between log('*) and log[ y(0)], that is, the more rapid the convergence to the steady state. The model implies conditional convergencein that, for given x and 9*, the growth rate is higher the lower y(0). The converge ...
... The higher A, the greater the responsiveness of the average growth rate to the gap between log('*) and log[ y(0)], that is, the more rapid the convergence to the steady state. The model implies conditional convergencein that, for given x and 9*, the growth rate is higher the lower y(0). The converge ...
Medium Term Strategies for Achieving the Millennium Development
... labor supply especially the newly entrants lack the appropriate skills associated with quality jobs created by the private sector especially in manufacturing, construction, and finance. This challenge has been corroborated by the 2006 labor survey which indicated that more than 80 per cent of the un ...
... labor supply especially the newly entrants lack the appropriate skills associated with quality jobs created by the private sector especially in manufacturing, construction, and finance. This challenge has been corroborated by the 2006 labor survey which indicated that more than 80 per cent of the un ...
Five Year Plan
... 7.1 Introduction : Indian planning is an open process. Much of the controversy and the debates that accompany the preparation of the plans are public. The initial aggregate calculations and assumptions are either explicitly stated or readily deducible, and the makers of the plans are not only sensit ...
... 7.1 Introduction : Indian planning is an open process. Much of the controversy and the debates that accompany the preparation of the plans are public. The initial aggregate calculations and assumptions are either explicitly stated or readily deducible, and the makers of the plans are not only sensit ...
What Is the Output Gap?
... Governments can also use fiscal policy to close the output gap (see “Back to Basics: What Is Fiscal Policy?” F&D, June 2009). For example, fiscal policy that is expansionary—that raises aggregate demand by increasing government spending or lowering taxes—can be used to close a negative output gap. B ...
... Governments can also use fiscal policy to close the output gap (see “Back to Basics: What Is Fiscal Policy?” F&D, June 2009). For example, fiscal policy that is expansionary—that raises aggregate demand by increasing government spending or lowering taxes—can be used to close a negative output gap. B ...
GDP +3% in 2012 World growth firmer AUD peaking? Australian Industry Group
... Important Disclosures and Disclaimer All Investors: Unless otherwise noted, all data is sourced from Australian Bureau of Statistics material. (www.abs.gov.au) The Commonwealth Bank of Australia ABN 48 123 123 124 AFSL 234945 (the “Bank”, is incorporated in Australia with limited liability. Commonw ...
... Important Disclosures and Disclaimer All Investors: Unless otherwise noted, all data is sourced from Australian Bureau of Statistics material. (www.abs.gov.au) The Commonwealth Bank of Australia ABN 48 123 123 124 AFSL 234945 (the “Bank”, is incorporated in Australia with limited liability. Commonw ...
The Case of Greece (1960-1989), by E. Ioakimoglou and
... proportion to the working population that neither the absolute labortime that this working population supplies nor its relative surplus laborvalue can be extended ...; where, therefore, the expanded capital produces only the same mass of surplus-value as before, there will be an absolute over-produc ...
... proportion to the working population that neither the absolute labortime that this working population supplies nor its relative surplus laborvalue can be extended ...; where, therefore, the expanded capital produces only the same mass of surplus-value as before, there will be an absolute over-produc ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES Timothy J. Kehoe Kim J. Ruhl
... financial institutions, and insufficient rule of law, and rigidities in the labor market, do not yet do so in China because China has not yet reached a sufficient level of economic development. We hypothesize that, as China grows, these factors will become more important and, absent significant refo ...
... financial institutions, and insufficient rule of law, and rigidities in the labor market, do not yet do so in China because China has not yet reached a sufficient level of economic development. We hypothesize that, as China grows, these factors will become more important and, absent significant refo ...
File
... The interest rate effect: In response to a rise in the price level, banks will raise the interest rates on loans to households and firms who wish to consume or invest. At higher interest rates the quantity demanded of products and capital for which households and firms must borrow decreases, as borr ...
... The interest rate effect: In response to a rise in the price level, banks will raise the interest rates on loans to households and firms who wish to consume or invest. At higher interest rates the quantity demanded of products and capital for which households and firms must borrow decreases, as borr ...
Chapter 5: Inequality in Zimbabwe
... focused on the need to address the inherited inequalities, especially through land redistribution. To sustain this position, the Government was to embark on a land resettlement programme. The policy also emphasised fiscal discipline, as a prerequisite for mobilising resources from the international ...
... focused on the need to address the inherited inequalities, especially through land redistribution. To sustain this position, the Government was to embark on a land resettlement programme. The policy also emphasised fiscal discipline, as a prerequisite for mobilising resources from the international ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES LOCAL DEFICITS AND LOCAL JOBS:
... urban CPI for those years for which state specific indices are not available. ...
... urban CPI for those years for which state specific indices are not available. ...
6 Street Bridge, Los Angeles th
... The Unemployment Rate The U.S. unemployment rate averaged 6.0 percent in 2003, slightly higher than the 5.8 percent rate of 2002. The rate peaked at 6.3 percent in June 2003, then declined steadily. The average unemployment rate for the first six months of 2004 was 5.6 percent, lower than the 1990s ...
... The Unemployment Rate The U.S. unemployment rate averaged 6.0 percent in 2003, slightly higher than the 5.8 percent rate of 2002. The rate peaked at 6.3 percent in June 2003, then declined steadily. The average unemployment rate for the first six months of 2004 was 5.6 percent, lower than the 1990s ...
Why Have Economic Reforms in Mexico Not Generated Growth?*
... causal relation between the trade share and growth is problematical. Howard L. M. Nye, Sanjay Reddy, and Kevin Watkins (2002), for example, argue that Dollar and Kraay’s attempt to relate their results involving changes in trade shares to changes in tariffs is highly sensitive to the years chosen fo ...
... causal relation between the trade share and growth is problematical. Howard L. M. Nye, Sanjay Reddy, and Kevin Watkins (2002), for example, argue that Dollar and Kraay’s attempt to relate their results involving changes in trade shares to changes in tariffs is highly sensitive to the years chosen fo ...
![3. terms, definitions and explanations[1]](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/009861377_1-7f9dd587af700c75642cf13f2f9b82d7-300x300.png)
3. terms, definitions and explanations[1]
... (possibly goods) for individual or collective consumption and redistribute income and wealth. The general government sector in Israel includes the following units: government ministries, the National Insurance Institute, local authorities, national institutions, and non-profit institutions which are ...
... (possibly goods) for individual or collective consumption and redistribute income and wealth. The general government sector in Israel includes the following units: government ministries, the National Insurance Institute, local authorities, national institutions, and non-profit institutions which are ...
Knowledge Based Economy Assessment
... to this definition, knowledge based economy it is not based only on few high technologies industries for the economic growth and wealth creation. They consider that all economic sectors can be knowledge intensive. So, the executive committee of APEC considers that “all the knowledges required by the ...
... to this definition, knowledge based economy it is not based only on few high technologies industries for the economic growth and wealth creation. They consider that all economic sectors can be knowledge intensive. So, the executive committee of APEC considers that “all the knowledges required by the ...
Transformation in economics
Transformation in economics refers to a long-term change in dominant economic activity in terms of prevailing relative engagement or employment of able individuals.Human economic systems undergo a number of deviations and departures from the ""normal"" state, trend or development. Among them are Disturbance (short-term disruption, temporary disorder), Perturbation (persistent or repeated divergence, predicament, decline or crisis), Deformation (damage, regime change, loss of self-sustainability, distortion), Transformation (long-term change, restructuring, conversion, new “normal”) and Renewal (rebirth, transmutation, corso-ricorso, renaissance, new beginning).Transformation is a unidirectional and irreversible change in dominant human economic activity (economic sector). Such change is driven by slower or faster continuous improvement in sector productivity growth rate. Productivity growth itself is fueled by advances in technology, inflow of useful innovations, accumulated practical knowledge and experience, levels of education, viability of institutions, quality of decision making and organized human effort. Individual sector transformations are the outcomes of human socio-economic evolution.Human economic activity has so far undergone at least four fundamental transformations:From nomadic hunting and gathering (H/G) to localized agricultureFrom localized agriculture (A) to internationalized industryFrom international industry (I) to global servicesFrom global services (S) to public sector (including government, welfare and unemployment, GWU)This evolution naturally proceeds from securing necessary food, through producing useful things, to providing helpful services, both private and public (See H/G→A→I→S→GWU sequence in Fig. 1). Accelerating productivity growth rates speed up the transformations, from millennia, through centuries, to decades of the recent era. It is this acceleration which makes transformation relevant economic category of today, more fundamental in its impact than any recession, crisis or depression. The evolution of four forms of capital (Indicated in Fig. 1) accompanies all economic transformations.Transformation is quite different from accompanying cyclical recessions and crises, despite the similarity of manifested phenomena (unemployment, technology shifts, socio-political discontent, bankruptcies, etc.). However, the tools and interventions used to combat crisis are clearly ineffective for coping with non-cyclical transformations. The problem is whether we face a mere crisis or a fundamental transformation (globalization→relocalization).