DOC - World bank documents
... countries that successfully integrated into global markets, export-led growth has eventually brought large employment dividends. But evidence on the impact of trade on employment is not clear-cut because usually, in developing countries, trade expansion often relies on trade liberalization that may ...
... countries that successfully integrated into global markets, export-led growth has eventually brought large employment dividends. But evidence on the impact of trade on employment is not clear-cut because usually, in developing countries, trade expansion often relies on trade liberalization that may ...
esp09 Katsimi 9675206 en
... labour cost, defined as the ratio of wages per hour over productivity, is associated with a fall in the profit margin. Their empirical findings attested to a clear negative association between unit labour costs and profit margins. This finding is corroborated by the stylized facts presented in the s ...
... labour cost, defined as the ratio of wages per hour over productivity, is associated with a fall in the profit margin. Their empirical findings attested to a clear negative association between unit labour costs and profit margins. This finding is corroborated by the stylized facts presented in the s ...
Investment Opportunities in Brazil 2012-2017: Country and City Analysis Brochure
... Figure 3.6: Trend of automotive domestic sales and GDP growth rate Figure 3.7: Trend of vehicle production Figure 3.8: Trend of vehicle exports of automobile Figure 3.9: Trend of vehicle sales per thousand people in Brazil Figure 3.10: Trend of vehicle sales per thousand people in the US Figure 3.11 ...
... Figure 3.6: Trend of automotive domestic sales and GDP growth rate Figure 3.7: Trend of vehicle production Figure 3.8: Trend of vehicle exports of automobile Figure 3.9: Trend of vehicle sales per thousand people in Brazil Figure 3.10: Trend of vehicle sales per thousand people in the US Figure 3.11 ...
Euro-indicators Working Group - United Nations Statistics Division
... real exchange rate, Mexican average oil price, Price index of Mexican stock exchange in real terms, worked hours in manufacturing industry, interest rate, production volume of construction industry Methodology based on classical business cycle approach ...
... real exchange rate, Mexican average oil price, Price index of Mexican stock exchange in real terms, worked hours in manufacturing industry, interest rate, production volume of construction industry Methodology based on classical business cycle approach ...
Adapting smart specialisation to a micro
... of products, a limited ability to exploit economies of scale, low levels of domestic competition and inability to achieve any economies of scale in government services. However, Streeten (1993) observes that despite such drawbacks there are many success cases among small countries resulting from fac ...
... of products, a limited ability to exploit economies of scale, low levels of domestic competition and inability to achieve any economies of scale in government services. However, Streeten (1993) observes that despite such drawbacks there are many success cases among small countries resulting from fac ...
macroeconomics
... Classical economists applied microeconomic models, or “market clearing” models, to economy-wide problems. However, simple classical models failed to explain the prolonged existence of high unemployment during the Great Depression. This provided the impetus for the development of macroeconomics. In 1 ...
... Classical economists applied microeconomic models, or “market clearing” models, to economy-wide problems. However, simple classical models failed to explain the prolonged existence of high unemployment during the Great Depression. This provided the impetus for the development of macroeconomics. In 1 ...
Western Union Econ Impact Remittances 012115
... the impact of government taxation of remittances. Because they are a steady source of foreign exchange, foreign remittances are an attractive potential tax revenue source. However, because several alternatives to formal remittance channels exist, even a small tax can potentially lead the remittance ...
... the impact of government taxation of remittances. Because they are a steady source of foreign exchange, foreign remittances are an attractive potential tax revenue source. However, because several alternatives to formal remittance channels exist, even a small tax can potentially lead the remittance ...
Industrias La Constancia: Dynamizing El Salvador`s Economy
... The Input-output Matrix offers an organized record of the transactions made between the productive sectors, meant to satisfy the procurement of goods for final demands, as well as the assorted intermediate goods purchased and sold between them. Hence, it becomes possible to show the correlation betw ...
... The Input-output Matrix offers an organized record of the transactions made between the productive sectors, meant to satisfy the procurement of goods for final demands, as well as the assorted intermediate goods purchased and sold between them. Hence, it becomes possible to show the correlation betw ...
Macroeconomics - IB-Econ
... in one year using the price level from a base year. Ø In the case of the price level increasing (inflation): real GDP will be lower than the nominal GDP Ø In the case of the price level decreasing (deflation): real GDP will be higher than the nominal GDP ...
... in one year using the price level from a base year. Ø In the case of the price level increasing (inflation): real GDP will be lower than the nominal GDP Ø In the case of the price level decreasing (deflation): real GDP will be higher than the nominal GDP ...
INTERNATIONAL TOURISM SPECIALISATION OF SMALL
... suitable to appraise the impact of the considered variables, since it not only resembles simultaneous equation modelling in that it considers several endogenous variables together, but also each endogenous variable is explained by its lagged values and the lagged values of all other endogenous varia ...
... suitable to appraise the impact of the considered variables, since it not only resembles simultaneous equation modelling in that it considers several endogenous variables together, but also each endogenous variable is explained by its lagged values and the lagged values of all other endogenous varia ...
How External Factors Affect Domestic Economy
... We analyze the period after the banking crisis of 2001 in Turkey. The data cover the period 2003Q2 to 2014Q1. The number of explanatory variables in the model is kept to a minimum, so that we can track through the main channels of propagations. The information content of variables in the model signa ...
... We analyze the period after the banking crisis of 2001 in Turkey. The data cover the period 2003Q2 to 2014Q1. The number of explanatory variables in the model is kept to a minimum, so that we can track through the main channels of propagations. The information content of variables in the model signa ...
Staff Report
... consolidation could be considered to reduce public debt further as well as create more fiscal space for the government to respond effectively to future shocks. In order to achieve consolidation as well as allow the government to provide key public goods and services it will be essential to raise the ...
... consolidation could be considered to reduce public debt further as well as create more fiscal space for the government to respond effectively to future shocks. In order to achieve consolidation as well as allow the government to provide key public goods and services it will be essential to raise the ...
Natural Resources and Economic Growth
... agriculture (Kaldor, 1966). To the extent that the great productivity improvements that have taken place in agriculture in recent decades reflect technological spillovers from other sectors, the Dutch disease may slow down economic growth by impeding manufacturing and services exports, which are pro ...
... agriculture (Kaldor, 1966). To the extent that the great productivity improvements that have taken place in agriculture in recent decades reflect technological spillovers from other sectors, the Dutch disease may slow down economic growth by impeding manufacturing and services exports, which are pro ...
1 Economics 102 Summer 2015 Answers to Homework #5 Due
... e. Suppose that you know that the full employment level of output for this economy is Yfe = $292 million. The leader of your country has as his strongest goal keeping prices constant and he is afraid that the economy due to its current level of production may become inflationary. He asks you to come ...
... e. Suppose that you know that the full employment level of output for this economy is Yfe = $292 million. The leader of your country has as his strongest goal keeping prices constant and he is afraid that the economy due to its current level of production may become inflationary. He asks you to come ...
PDF
... extreme weather events. The associated crop productivity changes may be beneficial initially in some cooler temperate regions in the higher latitudes and altitudes, but climate change is widely expected to reduce farm land and labor productivity in the tropics – and globally –, notwithstanding expec ...
... extreme weather events. The associated crop productivity changes may be beneficial initially in some cooler temperate regions in the higher latitudes and altitudes, but climate change is widely expected to reduce farm land and labor productivity in the tropics – and globally –, notwithstanding expec ...
Transformation in economics
Transformation in economics refers to a long-term change in dominant economic activity in terms of prevailing relative engagement or employment of able individuals.Human economic systems undergo a number of deviations and departures from the ""normal"" state, trend or development. Among them are Disturbance (short-term disruption, temporary disorder), Perturbation (persistent or repeated divergence, predicament, decline or crisis), Deformation (damage, regime change, loss of self-sustainability, distortion), Transformation (long-term change, restructuring, conversion, new “normal”) and Renewal (rebirth, transmutation, corso-ricorso, renaissance, new beginning).Transformation is a unidirectional and irreversible change in dominant human economic activity (economic sector). Such change is driven by slower or faster continuous improvement in sector productivity growth rate. Productivity growth itself is fueled by advances in technology, inflow of useful innovations, accumulated practical knowledge and experience, levels of education, viability of institutions, quality of decision making and organized human effort. Individual sector transformations are the outcomes of human socio-economic evolution.Human economic activity has so far undergone at least four fundamental transformations:From nomadic hunting and gathering (H/G) to localized agricultureFrom localized agriculture (A) to internationalized industryFrom international industry (I) to global servicesFrom global services (S) to public sector (including government, welfare and unemployment, GWU)This evolution naturally proceeds from securing necessary food, through producing useful things, to providing helpful services, both private and public (See H/G→A→I→S→GWU sequence in Fig. 1). Accelerating productivity growth rates speed up the transformations, from millennia, through centuries, to decades of the recent era. It is this acceleration which makes transformation relevant economic category of today, more fundamental in its impact than any recession, crisis or depression. The evolution of four forms of capital (Indicated in Fig. 1) accompanies all economic transformations.Transformation is quite different from accompanying cyclical recessions and crises, despite the similarity of manifested phenomena (unemployment, technology shifts, socio-political discontent, bankruptcies, etc.). However, the tools and interventions used to combat crisis are clearly ineffective for coping with non-cyclical transformations. The problem is whether we face a mere crisis or a fundamental transformation (globalization→relocalization).