IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science (IOSR-JHSS)
... Specifically, how have the “bottom-line” appraisals of the consequences of demographic change on development changed over time; why have they changed; and what are the most recent contributions to this literature?(Kelly, 2009). The Relationship between Population Growth and Economic Growth Yusufu (2 ...
... Specifically, how have the “bottom-line” appraisals of the consequences of demographic change on development changed over time; why have they changed; and what are the most recent contributions to this literature?(Kelly, 2009). The Relationship between Population Growth and Economic Growth Yusufu (2 ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES FISCAL POLICY AND UNEMPLOYMENT Marco Battaglini Stephen Coate
... in every period the government hires sufficient public sector workers to provide the Samuelson level of the public good and sets taxes so that the private sector has the incentive to hire the remaining workers. When the private sector is experiencing negative shocks, these taxes are sufficiently low tha ...
... in every period the government hires sufficient public sector workers to provide the Samuelson level of the public good and sets taxes so that the private sector has the incentive to hire the remaining workers. When the private sector is experiencing negative shocks, these taxes are sufficiently low tha ...
PPT - Ave Maria University
... In 2001 output of the U.S. economy was: •25 times the 1900 level •5 times the 1950 level Copyright c 2004 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. ...
... In 2001 output of the U.S. economy was: •25 times the 1900 level •5 times the 1950 level Copyright c 2004 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. ...
neighborhood effects in economic growth
... depends on the value of the country’s exports in the world markets. Thus, a country which grows at above average rates experiences adverse terms of trade effects that dampens its growth but fosters that of the rest of countries in the world, who experience a terms of trade improvement. Acemoglu and ...
... depends on the value of the country’s exports in the world markets. Thus, a country which grows at above average rates experiences adverse terms of trade effects that dampens its growth but fosters that of the rest of countries in the world, who experience a terms of trade improvement. Acemoglu and ...
PDF
... › Unsurprisingly, ENSO induced climate variability impacts agricultural production (Funk et al. 2008; Battisti and Naylor 2009; Naylor et al. 2001) › These climate-driven supply shocks have consequences for world commodity and food prices (Brunner 2002; Ubilava and Holt 2013; Chen et al. 2008) ...
... › Unsurprisingly, ENSO induced climate variability impacts agricultural production (Funk et al. 2008; Battisti and Naylor 2009; Naylor et al. 2001) › These climate-driven supply shocks have consequences for world commodity and food prices (Brunner 2002; Ubilava and Holt 2013; Chen et al. 2008) ...
University of Lethbridge — Department of Economics
... convergence has recently been ________. A) slow; increasing B) rapidly; continuing at the 1960s pace C) slow; decreasing D) rapid; decreasing E) rapid; increasing at an even faster rate Topic: Economic Growth Trends ...
... convergence has recently been ________. A) slow; increasing B) rapidly; continuing at the 1960s pace C) slow; decreasing D) rapid; decreasing E) rapid; increasing at an even faster rate Topic: Economic Growth Trends ...
Assessment of Trade in Services and Development Gains
... The following aspects of services in developing countries highlight the relevance of this type of required research. ...
... The following aspects of services in developing countries highlight the relevance of this type of required research. ...
Paper delivered at the Conference “Ragnar Nurkse (1907–2007): Classical Development
... in natural resources. As others working in the area, he used Folke Hilgerdt’s terminology—“regions of recent settlement,” noting that they were favored by a rapidly expanding demand for their primary products. This tended to raise real incomes directly by improving their barter terms of trade, which ...
... in natural resources. As others working in the area, he used Folke Hilgerdt’s terminology—“regions of recent settlement,” noting that they were favored by a rapidly expanding demand for their primary products. This tended to raise real incomes directly by improving their barter terms of trade, which ...
The 1920s and the 1990s in Mutual Reflection
... compared with the 1990s, namely 1919, 1923, 1929, 1990, and 2000. The similarity in growth rates of output, employment, and productivity over the two decades, and of the unemployment rate and of real interest rates in these years, considerably overstates the similarities between the decades, because ...
... compared with the 1990s, namely 1919, 1923, 1929, 1990, and 2000. The similarity in growth rates of output, employment, and productivity over the two decades, and of the unemployment rate and of real interest rates in these years, considerably overstates the similarities between the decades, because ...
the returns to education: macroeconomics
... every year. The empirical literature is largely divided over whether the stock of education affects the long-run level (augmented neo-classical approach) or long-run growth rate (new growth theories) of the economy. Increasing average education in the population by one year would raise the level of ...
... every year. The empirical literature is largely divided over whether the stock of education affects the long-run level (augmented neo-classical approach) or long-run growth rate (new growth theories) of the economy. Increasing average education in the population by one year would raise the level of ...
Why Has the Cyclicality of Productivity Changed? What Does It Mean?
... workweek of capital—is a key reason why measured TFP changes do not reflect technology changes. In the Fernald data, the changes in cyclicality primarily reflect the reduced quantitative importance of procyclical factor utilization. Indeed, after controlling for variations in factor utilization, “u ...
... workweek of capital—is a key reason why measured TFP changes do not reflect technology changes. In the Fernald data, the changes in cyclicality primarily reflect the reduced quantitative importance of procyclical factor utilization. Indeed, after controlling for variations in factor utilization, “u ...
Long-run welfare under externalities in consumption, leisure, and
... Of particular interest for our paper is the stream of literature that focuses on the macroeconomic consequences of the “keeping up with the Joneses” assumption — i.e., individuals struggling to keep up with the social position of their representative neighbor. Ljungqvist and Uhlig (2000) analyze the ...
... Of particular interest for our paper is the stream of literature that focuses on the macroeconomic consequences of the “keeping up with the Joneses” assumption — i.e., individuals struggling to keep up with the social position of their representative neighbor. Ljungqvist and Uhlig (2000) analyze the ...
Does Remittance in Nepal Cause Gross Domestic Product? An
... million, work in different countries of the world India, East Asia, Middle East are particularly popular countries for employment. Over 1500 Nepalese leave the country every day in search of greener pastures. The outflow of people in search of opportunities in foreign countries has increased over th ...
... million, work in different countries of the world India, East Asia, Middle East are particularly popular countries for employment. Over 1500 Nepalese leave the country every day in search of greener pastures. The outflow of people in search of opportunities in foreign countries has increased over th ...
INITIAL CONDITIONS AND MIRACULOUS GROWTH: WHY IS SOUTH EAST
... Apart from the supposedly unique (or at least highly unusual) initial conditions of South Korea and Taiwan, the issue which has attracted most attention is the role that government has assumed in promoting the growth process in these two economies. It is argued that while public expenditure has been ...
... Apart from the supposedly unique (or at least highly unusual) initial conditions of South Korea and Taiwan, the issue which has attracted most attention is the role that government has assumed in promoting the growth process in these two economies. It is argued that while public expenditure has been ...
Presidents and the U.S. Economy: An Econometric Exploration
... 256 quarters in these 16 terms, Republicans occupied the White House for 144 quarters, Democrats for 112. But of the 49 quarters classified by the NBER as in recession, only eight came under Democrats versus 41 under Republicans.6 Thus, the U.S. economy was in recession for 1.1 quarters on average d ...
... 256 quarters in these 16 terms, Republicans occupied the White House for 144 quarters, Democrats for 112. But of the 49 quarters classified by the NBER as in recession, only eight came under Democrats versus 41 under Republicans.6 Thus, the U.S. economy was in recession for 1.1 quarters on average d ...
Transformation in economics
Transformation in economics refers to a long-term change in dominant economic activity in terms of prevailing relative engagement or employment of able individuals.Human economic systems undergo a number of deviations and departures from the ""normal"" state, trend or development. Among them are Disturbance (short-term disruption, temporary disorder), Perturbation (persistent or repeated divergence, predicament, decline or crisis), Deformation (damage, regime change, loss of self-sustainability, distortion), Transformation (long-term change, restructuring, conversion, new “normal”) and Renewal (rebirth, transmutation, corso-ricorso, renaissance, new beginning).Transformation is a unidirectional and irreversible change in dominant human economic activity (economic sector). Such change is driven by slower or faster continuous improvement in sector productivity growth rate. Productivity growth itself is fueled by advances in technology, inflow of useful innovations, accumulated practical knowledge and experience, levels of education, viability of institutions, quality of decision making and organized human effort. Individual sector transformations are the outcomes of human socio-economic evolution.Human economic activity has so far undergone at least four fundamental transformations:From nomadic hunting and gathering (H/G) to localized agricultureFrom localized agriculture (A) to internationalized industryFrom international industry (I) to global servicesFrom global services (S) to public sector (including government, welfare and unemployment, GWU)This evolution naturally proceeds from securing necessary food, through producing useful things, to providing helpful services, both private and public (See H/G→A→I→S→GWU sequence in Fig. 1). Accelerating productivity growth rates speed up the transformations, from millennia, through centuries, to decades of the recent era. It is this acceleration which makes transformation relevant economic category of today, more fundamental in its impact than any recession, crisis or depression. The evolution of four forms of capital (Indicated in Fig. 1) accompanies all economic transformations.Transformation is quite different from accompanying cyclical recessions and crises, despite the similarity of manifested phenomena (unemployment, technology shifts, socio-political discontent, bankruptcies, etc.). However, the tools and interventions used to combat crisis are clearly ineffective for coping with non-cyclical transformations. The problem is whether we face a mere crisis or a fundamental transformation (globalization→relocalization).