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... cultivated area to monocropped plantations. At the present time cocoa is the most important crop in terms of area, revenue, and exports. While the government is working toward diversification of the nation’s production structure, it is clear that Sno TomJ e PrRncipe’s main long run comparative advan ...
... cultivated area to monocropped plantations. At the present time cocoa is the most important crop in terms of area, revenue, and exports. While the government is working toward diversification of the nation’s production structure, it is clear that Sno TomJ e PrRncipe’s main long run comparative advan ...
THE WELFARE STATE AND ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE
... TRANSF of - 6.7 with a t-statistic Iof -- 1.2, which is not significant at the five percent level The point estimate implies that a reduction in spending from 20 percent to ten percent of GDP, approximately equal to the difference between Sweden and the United States, would increase the annual growt ...
... TRANSF of - 6.7 with a t-statistic Iof -- 1.2, which is not significant at the five percent level The point estimate implies that a reduction in spending from 20 percent to ten percent of GDP, approximately equal to the difference between Sweden and the United States, would increase the annual growt ...
Debswana Diamond Company (Proprietary) Limited Debswana Update to
... sustainable growth can be supported by the establishment of a hub with critical mass Botswana is sitting on Coal resources estimated at over 200 billion tonnes, 45 billion at reserves Commercial opportunities are limited by the lack of freight and logistics infrastructure The potential will ne ...
... sustainable growth can be supported by the establishment of a hub with critical mass Botswana is sitting on Coal resources estimated at over 200 billion tonnes, 45 billion at reserves Commercial opportunities are limited by the lack of freight and logistics infrastructure The potential will ne ...
Global Imbalances, Peak Oil, and the Next Global Economic Crisis
... and expanded. National income was redistributed from capital to labor and social spending. All of these contributed to the rapid expansion of effective demand in the advanced capitalist countries during the 1950s and 1960s. At the global level, under the Bretton Woods System, fixed exchange rates we ...
... and expanded. National income was redistributed from capital to labor and social spending. All of these contributed to the rapid expansion of effective demand in the advanced capitalist countries during the 1950s and 1960s. At the global level, under the Bretton Woods System, fixed exchange rates we ...
chapter summary
... Knowledge and Performance: We must know how a healthy economy works before we can consider whether anything can be done about it. ...
... Knowledge and Performance: We must know how a healthy economy works before we can consider whether anything can be done about it. ...
From Many Series, One Cycle: y Improved Estimates of the Business Cycle from a Multivariate Unobserved Components
... A third source of identification of the business third source of identification of the business cycle is the natural rate principle. – Inflation is a key cyclical variable Inflation is a key cyclical variable – Including a (reduced‐form) Phillips curve gives a ...
... A third source of identification of the business third source of identification of the business cycle is the natural rate principle. – Inflation is a key cyclical variable Inflation is a key cyclical variable – Including a (reduced‐form) Phillips curve gives a ...
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... sustainability characteristics of such development. The reason why we do this is because our focus is on characterizing the process of economic development rather than on static trade patterns as this literature does. ...
... sustainability characteristics of such development. The reason why we do this is because our focus is on characterizing the process of economic development rather than on static trade patterns as this literature does. ...
CHAPTER OVERVIEW
... to replace the machinery and equipment used up. In addition to the depreciation of private capital, public capital (government buildings, port facilities, etc.), must be included in this entry. c. Net foreign factor income: National income measures the income of Americans both here and abroad. GDP m ...
... to replace the machinery and equipment used up. In addition to the depreciation of private capital, public capital (government buildings, port facilities, etc.), must be included in this entry. c. Net foreign factor income: National income measures the income of Americans both here and abroad. GDP m ...
K/N
... substitute away from leisure and toward work (leisure becomes more expensive). This is a substitution effect. <>
– Estimating this substitution effect is difficult since PVLR is not easily held constant.
Estimates range from 0 - 2% (For a 1% incre ...
... substitute away from leisure and toward work (leisure becomes more expensive). This is a substitution effect. <
Second Midterm and Answers
... a.) only the value of the iron ore is counted as a part of China’s GDP. b.) the value of both the steel products and the automobiles are counted as part of China’s GDP. c.) the value of the iron ore, the steel products and the automobiles are all counted as part of China’s GDP. d.) only the value of ...
... a.) only the value of the iron ore is counted as a part of China’s GDP. b.) the value of both the steel products and the automobiles are counted as part of China’s GDP. c.) the value of the iron ore, the steel products and the automobiles are all counted as part of China’s GDP. d.) only the value of ...
understanding stagflation
... shown in the Chart. A similar drop in GDP growth has occurred for Brazil, Indonesia and many emerging economies. Brazil’s economy has just been reported to have contracted (negative growth) in the JulySeptember quarter of 2013. The following Chart plots GDP growth from 2005 upto the present. Looking ...
... shown in the Chart. A similar drop in GDP growth has occurred for Brazil, Indonesia and many emerging economies. Brazil’s economy has just been reported to have contracted (negative growth) in the JulySeptember quarter of 2013. The following Chart plots GDP growth from 2005 upto the present. Looking ...
Economic Development Department (EDD)
... steel pipes for the Greytown water treatment works, which instead was to be delivered from China. Subsequent to the successful sales of Lodox Machines to the Gauteng Provincial Department of Health, EDD assisted Lodox in finding markets in the other Provinces. EDD introduced Lodox to the KZN Departm ...
... steel pipes for the Greytown water treatment works, which instead was to be delivered from China. Subsequent to the successful sales of Lodox Machines to the Gauteng Provincial Department of Health, EDD assisted Lodox in finding markets in the other Provinces. EDD introduced Lodox to the KZN Departm ...
Multiplier Effect
... At AS you don’t need to know much about the accelerator effect but this diagram summarises it ...
... At AS you don’t need to know much about the accelerator effect but this diagram summarises it ...
Macroeconomics
... Lectures (2 hours a week). Attendance at lectures is optional, but it is strongly recommended. Lectures offer a verbal presentation of the material to be mastered. More importantly, they indicate the relative importance of sub-topics and offer approaches to understanding the material that a readin ...
... Lectures (2 hours a week). Attendance at lectures is optional, but it is strongly recommended. Lectures offer a verbal presentation of the material to be mastered. More importantly, they indicate the relative importance of sub-topics and offer approaches to understanding the material that a readin ...
Estimates of gross domestic product for the first quarter (April
... Trade sector is the sales tax growth. As per the available monthly data on state accounts available from CAG website, sales tax collection grew by 9.4 percent during Q1 of 2015-16. Indicator used for measuring GVA from hotels and restaurant sector is the private corporate growth in this sector. The ...
... Trade sector is the sales tax growth. As per the available monthly data on state accounts available from CAG website, sales tax collection grew by 9.4 percent during Q1 of 2015-16. Indicator used for measuring GVA from hotels and restaurant sector is the private corporate growth in this sector. The ...
Industrial Policy Revisited: A New Structural Economics Perspective
... • Industrial policy is a useful instrument for a facilitating state. – Contents of coordination may be different, depending on industries. – The government’s resources and capacity are limited. The government needs to use them strategically. ...
... • Industrial policy is a useful instrument for a facilitating state. – Contents of coordination may be different, depending on industries. – The government’s resources and capacity are limited. The government needs to use them strategically. ...
Real interest rate
... ·Demand-pull inflation: an excess of total spending beyond the economy’s capacity to produce. When resources are already fully employed, firms cannot respond to increases in demand. “Too much spending chasing too few goods.” ·Cost-push or supply-side inflation: Prices rise because of rise in per-uni ...
... ·Demand-pull inflation: an excess of total spending beyond the economy’s capacity to produce. When resources are already fully employed, firms cannot respond to increases in demand. “Too much spending chasing too few goods.” ·Cost-push or supply-side inflation: Prices rise because of rise in per-uni ...
putting the success stories in the post-communist world
... of double standard (when the West was industrializing, it was not maintaining these standards) and “kicking away the ladder” (after the West got rich through exploitation of colonies and child labor, it does everything to slow down the growth of “the other world” – Chang, 2002). Two recent papers by ...
... of double standard (when the West was industrializing, it was not maintaining these standards) and “kicking away the ladder” (after the West got rich through exploitation of colonies and child labor, it does everything to slow down the growth of “the other world” – Chang, 2002). Two recent papers by ...
Transformation in economics
Transformation in economics refers to a long-term change in dominant economic activity in terms of prevailing relative engagement or employment of able individuals.Human economic systems undergo a number of deviations and departures from the ""normal"" state, trend or development. Among them are Disturbance (short-term disruption, temporary disorder), Perturbation (persistent or repeated divergence, predicament, decline or crisis), Deformation (damage, regime change, loss of self-sustainability, distortion), Transformation (long-term change, restructuring, conversion, new “normal”) and Renewal (rebirth, transmutation, corso-ricorso, renaissance, new beginning).Transformation is a unidirectional and irreversible change in dominant human economic activity (economic sector). Such change is driven by slower or faster continuous improvement in sector productivity growth rate. Productivity growth itself is fueled by advances in technology, inflow of useful innovations, accumulated practical knowledge and experience, levels of education, viability of institutions, quality of decision making and organized human effort. Individual sector transformations are the outcomes of human socio-economic evolution.Human economic activity has so far undergone at least four fundamental transformations:From nomadic hunting and gathering (H/G) to localized agricultureFrom localized agriculture (A) to internationalized industryFrom international industry (I) to global servicesFrom global services (S) to public sector (including government, welfare and unemployment, GWU)This evolution naturally proceeds from securing necessary food, through producing useful things, to providing helpful services, both private and public (See H/G→A→I→S→GWU sequence in Fig. 1). Accelerating productivity growth rates speed up the transformations, from millennia, through centuries, to decades of the recent era. It is this acceleration which makes transformation relevant economic category of today, more fundamental in its impact than any recession, crisis or depression. The evolution of four forms of capital (Indicated in Fig. 1) accompanies all economic transformations.Transformation is quite different from accompanying cyclical recessions and crises, despite the similarity of manifested phenomena (unemployment, technology shifts, socio-political discontent, bankruptcies, etc.). However, the tools and interventions used to combat crisis are clearly ineffective for coping with non-cyclical transformations. The problem is whether we face a mere crisis or a fundamental transformation (globalization→relocalization).