The Effect of Educational, Health, Infrastructure Expenses on the
... lies between two major provinces, namely West Java and East Java. From an economic standpoint it is supposed to be beneficial for business development. Nevertheless, ironically, the favorable position is not supported by better public welfare. One of the fundamental problems of economic development ...
... lies between two major provinces, namely West Java and East Java. From an economic standpoint it is supposed to be beneficial for business development. Nevertheless, ironically, the favorable position is not supported by better public welfare. One of the fundamental problems of economic development ...
Geography 207 - UW Staff Web Server
... the data items for the county and the benchmark are the same. When pasting the data use the EditPaste-Special-Values selection in Excel. Now in a blank column, put the active cell to the wage and salary employment row. Now type in the formula for the location quotients: =(county column value and cou ...
... the data items for the county and the benchmark are the same. When pasting the data use the EditPaste-Special-Values selection in Excel. Now in a blank column, put the active cell to the wage and salary employment row. Now type in the formula for the location quotients: =(county column value and cou ...
The Output Gap Between Canada and the United States : The Role
... to compare estimates of GDP that are produced in different currencies. For the purpose of this paper, we use the purchasing power parity indices that are produced by Statistics Canada to compare expenditures across countries (Statistics Canada, 2002). In our accompanying study (Baldwin, Maynard, Tan ...
... to compare estimates of GDP that are produced in different currencies. For the purpose of this paper, we use the purchasing power parity indices that are produced by Statistics Canada to compare expenditures across countries (Statistics Canada, 2002). In our accompanying study (Baldwin, Maynard, Tan ...
Aligning the Pictures, Words and Numbers: Dynamic Models ()
... know what is D(R(-1)). That is the change in the interest rate. It’s positive when interest rates are rising, and negative when interest rates are falling. It measures momentum. But that variable doesn’t matter; it has a t-value of only 0.09. What matters is the change in the change, D(D(R(-1))) = D ...
... know what is D(R(-1)). That is the change in the interest rate. It’s positive when interest rates are rising, and negative when interest rates are falling. It measures momentum. But that variable doesn’t matter; it has a t-value of only 0.09. What matters is the change in the change, D(D(R(-1))) = D ...
UK Economic Growth Performance in a
... number of these new members were admitted into the Eurozone soon after accession. The process of economic integration entailed substantial reductions in trade costs and increased the volume of trade. In both these respects, the EU was much more effective than the alternatives of EFTA or GATT members ...
... number of these new members were admitted into the Eurozone soon after accession. The process of economic integration entailed substantial reductions in trade costs and increased the volume of trade. In both these respects, the EU was much more effective than the alternatives of EFTA or GATT members ...
View/Open
... A number of studies were performed shortly after the onset of the crisis to actually try and measure some of the social impacts of the crisis. For example, the Asian Development Bank sought to examine the impact of the Asian financial crisis on the health sector in Thailand. They found that the prop ...
... A number of studies were performed shortly after the onset of the crisis to actually try and measure some of the social impacts of the crisis. For example, the Asian Development Bank sought to examine the impact of the Asian financial crisis on the health sector in Thailand. They found that the prop ...
Strategy
... further tightening of the labor supply and demand relationship, as well as a rapid decrease in GDP gaps. A virtuous economic cycle has been steadily in motion. However, with the arrival of a society facing population decline, we are facing the situation where an increase in the productive population ...
... further tightening of the labor supply and demand relationship, as well as a rapid decrease in GDP gaps. A virtuous economic cycle has been steadily in motion. However, with the arrival of a society facing population decline, we are facing the situation where an increase in the productive population ...
Global-Local Relations, Economic Reformation and Instabilities in
... indebtedness and an increase of the poverty levels (Díaz Orueta: 1997). To sum up, the main changes in those economies were: the framework of the end of the substitution policy of imports; the gradual process of capital internationalization, with a large opening to the foreign investments in previou ...
... indebtedness and an increase of the poverty levels (Díaz Orueta: 1997). To sum up, the main changes in those economies were: the framework of the end of the substitution policy of imports; the gradual process of capital internationalization, with a large opening to the foreign investments in previou ...
Resource Productivity in Tianjin Based on
... a resource-conserving and environment- friendly society has become the important objectives of China, and the key to achieve this goal is resource productivity theory. Living Planet Report 2008 of World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) tells us, we consume resources too fast, so that beyond the speed of u ...
... a resource-conserving and environment- friendly society has become the important objectives of China, and the key to achieve this goal is resource productivity theory. Living Planet Report 2008 of World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) tells us, we consume resources too fast, so that beyond the speed of u ...
Notes on Unemployment Chapter:
... Definition of Unemployment: An important part of the definition of unemployment is to know what it means to be unemployed. Unemployment reflects someone who is not working but is searching for work. Thus the unemployment rate measure people looking for work. The “Natural Rate of Unemployment”: this ...
... Definition of Unemployment: An important part of the definition of unemployment is to know what it means to be unemployed. Unemployment reflects someone who is not working but is searching for work. Thus the unemployment rate measure people looking for work. The “Natural Rate of Unemployment”: this ...
sample_paper.doc
... (this is not the WC) surprisingly, were very solid ones. Openness clearly increased, as shown by Figure I, while GDP grew by a steady pace, averaging about seven percent annually from 1985-1998. The major The argument here is that there is not exactly much choice for these developing countries, cons ...
... (this is not the WC) surprisingly, were very solid ones. Openness clearly increased, as shown by Figure I, while GDP grew by a steady pace, averaging about seven percent annually from 1985-1998. The major The argument here is that there is not exactly much choice for these developing countries, cons ...
PDF
... government revenues. These negative Dutch disease effects occur when capital inflows lead to real exchange rate appreciation, negatively impacting the production of tradable goods (Gregory, 1976; Corden and Neary, 1982). Tradable goods such as agricultural and industrial goods are the engines of lon ...
... government revenues. These negative Dutch disease effects occur when capital inflows lead to real exchange rate appreciation, negatively impacting the production of tradable goods (Gregory, 1976; Corden and Neary, 1982). Tradable goods such as agricultural and industrial goods are the engines of lon ...
Solutions for Chapters 19-21
... 3. 6.0%. 5.8%. Employment increased by 300,000. The labor supply increased by 700,000; 300,000 were employed but 400,000 of them were unemployed. 4. This is structural unemployment, which can sometimes exist for long periods, especially when workers must learn new skills to find jobs. The social cos ...
... 3. 6.0%. 5.8%. Employment increased by 300,000. The labor supply increased by 700,000; 300,000 were employed but 400,000 of them were unemployed. 4. This is structural unemployment, which can sometimes exist for long periods, especially when workers must learn new skills to find jobs. The social cos ...
The new North-South Divide in Europe – can the European
... different trajectories in different groups of low- and medium-income economies in Europe. The underlying driver of the ‘New North-South Divide’ in Europe is the build-up of external imbalances prior to the crisis within the EU and with the countries in Southeast Europe closely connected with the EU. ...
... different trajectories in different groups of low- and medium-income economies in Europe. The underlying driver of the ‘New North-South Divide’ in Europe is the build-up of external imbalances prior to the crisis within the EU and with the countries in Southeast Europe closely connected with the EU. ...
Potential and Limitations of Pro-Poor Macroeconomics: An Overview Giovanni Andrea Cornia
... sky-high interest rates. Finally, and most importantly, credit restraint results in reductions in expenditure, especially for private investment, far greater than projected by the IMF’s financial programming model. IMF-type stabilization induces recessions that affect long-term growth and poverty al ...
... sky-high interest rates. Finally, and most importantly, credit restraint results in reductions in expenditure, especially for private investment, far greater than projected by the IMF’s financial programming model. IMF-type stabilization induces recessions that affect long-term growth and poverty al ...
analysis of the factors affecting the average labour productivity
... as shown by relevant data according to which, even during prolific agricultural years, the level of productivity does not exceed 50% of the average EU-28, which is rather disappointing, given the existing potential of this area. This state may be due to certain fundamental factors, such as: - The in ...
... as shown by relevant data according to which, even during prolific agricultural years, the level of productivity does not exceed 50% of the average EU-28, which is rather disappointing, given the existing potential of this area. This state may be due to certain fundamental factors, such as: - The in ...
Transformation in economics
Transformation in economics refers to a long-term change in dominant economic activity in terms of prevailing relative engagement or employment of able individuals.Human economic systems undergo a number of deviations and departures from the ""normal"" state, trend or development. Among them are Disturbance (short-term disruption, temporary disorder), Perturbation (persistent or repeated divergence, predicament, decline or crisis), Deformation (damage, regime change, loss of self-sustainability, distortion), Transformation (long-term change, restructuring, conversion, new “normal”) and Renewal (rebirth, transmutation, corso-ricorso, renaissance, new beginning).Transformation is a unidirectional and irreversible change in dominant human economic activity (economic sector). Such change is driven by slower or faster continuous improvement in sector productivity growth rate. Productivity growth itself is fueled by advances in technology, inflow of useful innovations, accumulated practical knowledge and experience, levels of education, viability of institutions, quality of decision making and organized human effort. Individual sector transformations are the outcomes of human socio-economic evolution.Human economic activity has so far undergone at least four fundamental transformations:From nomadic hunting and gathering (H/G) to localized agricultureFrom localized agriculture (A) to internationalized industryFrom international industry (I) to global servicesFrom global services (S) to public sector (including government, welfare and unemployment, GWU)This evolution naturally proceeds from securing necessary food, through producing useful things, to providing helpful services, both private and public (See H/G→A→I→S→GWU sequence in Fig. 1). Accelerating productivity growth rates speed up the transformations, from millennia, through centuries, to decades of the recent era. It is this acceleration which makes transformation relevant economic category of today, more fundamental in its impact than any recession, crisis or depression. The evolution of four forms of capital (Indicated in Fig. 1) accompanies all economic transformations.Transformation is quite different from accompanying cyclical recessions and crises, despite the similarity of manifested phenomena (unemployment, technology shifts, socio-political discontent, bankruptcies, etc.). However, the tools and interventions used to combat crisis are clearly ineffective for coping with non-cyclical transformations. The problem is whether we face a mere crisis or a fundamental transformation (globalization→relocalization).