Chapter 1: WHAT IS ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS
... that involve many different sources of pollution, perhaps spread over large areas, there is no effective way to reach any sort of private agreement to limit the emissions. Designing environmental policy is more challenging the more pervasive the externality is across regions or countries and for dif ...
... that involve many different sources of pollution, perhaps spread over large areas, there is no effective way to reach any sort of private agreement to limit the emissions. Designing environmental policy is more challenging the more pervasive the externality is across regions or countries and for dif ...
Primer on Short-Lived Climate Pollutants
... The Federated States of Micronesia, the Kingdom of Morocco, and the Maldives have made a formal proposal to amend the Montreal Protocol to do this,23 as have the North American Parties (Mexico, Canada, and the U.S.).24 Support for the phase-down is steadily growing,25 including in the G20 St. Peters ...
... The Federated States of Micronesia, the Kingdom of Morocco, and the Maldives have made a formal proposal to amend the Montreal Protocol to do this,23 as have the North American Parties (Mexico, Canada, and the U.S.).24 Support for the phase-down is steadily growing,25 including in the G20 St. Peters ...
Lecture 2 FINAL DRAFT
... Viewed in a simplistic, technocratic way, the making of climate policy requires planners (under the direction of elected officials) to procure the latest climate projections from scientists, ask engineers and other experts to devise appropriate responses to the threat and then implement those fixes ...
... Viewed in a simplistic, technocratic way, the making of climate policy requires planners (under the direction of elected officials) to procure the latest climate projections from scientists, ask engineers and other experts to devise appropriate responses to the threat and then implement those fixes ...
Climate Change and International Deforestation: Legislative Analysis
... Deforestation1 is responsible for the largest share of additional carbon dioxide (CO2) released to the atmosphere due to land use changes, approximately 20% of total anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions annually.2 Deforestation results in carbon emissions when trees and underlying vegetation ...
... Deforestation1 is responsible for the largest share of additional carbon dioxide (CO2) released to the atmosphere due to land use changes, approximately 20% of total anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions annually.2 Deforestation results in carbon emissions when trees and underlying vegetation ...
Romania - CEE Bankwatch Network
... fisheries funding in 2014-2020 regarding climate change action are almost EUR 8.5 billion.176 The National Action Plan on Energy Efficiency for 20142016, approved by the Romanian Government in 2014, is the implementation tool for the National Strategy regarding Climate Change and Low Carbon Growth. Mo ...
... fisheries funding in 2014-2020 regarding climate change action are almost EUR 8.5 billion.176 The National Action Plan on Energy Efficiency for 20142016, approved by the Romanian Government in 2014, is the implementation tool for the National Strategy regarding Climate Change and Low Carbon Growth. Mo ...
of babies and bathwater: why the clean air act`s cooperative
... themselves, do not threaten to create hazardous pollution hot-spots, a problem that has caused environmentalists to resist some other trading proposals.21 (Of course, because CO2 is primarily a product of fossil fuel combustion, typical major CO2 sources also emit a spectrum of more localized pollut ...
... themselves, do not threaten to create hazardous pollution hot-spots, a problem that has caused environmentalists to resist some other trading proposals.21 (Of course, because CO2 is primarily a product of fossil fuel combustion, typical major CO2 sources also emit a spectrum of more localized pollut ...
When Science and Ideology Collide: Explaining
... insurance program are among the many issues that became more polarized by party and ideology after Democratic and Republican elites took dissimilar positions (Zaller 1992/1994; Berinksy 2007/2009; Levendusky 2009; Lenz 2012; Kriner and Reeves 2012; Tesler 2011). Consistent with those previous findin ...
... insurance program are among the many issues that became more polarized by party and ideology after Democratic and Republican elites took dissimilar positions (Zaller 1992/1994; Berinksy 2007/2009; Levendusky 2009; Lenz 2012; Kriner and Reeves 2012; Tesler 2011). Consistent with those previous findin ...
Working Paper 9: Climate Change as a Threat Multiplier for Human
... level of coordinated action required to solve it, this statement seems only adequate. After the Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change (IPCC) published its first assessment report in 1990, it was accused of dramatizing the anthropogenic (man-made) causes as well as the potential effects of globa ...
... level of coordinated action required to solve it, this statement seems only adequate. After the Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change (IPCC) published its first assessment report in 1990, it was accused of dramatizing the anthropogenic (man-made) causes as well as the potential effects of globa ...
Earth Overshoot Day Contents
... humanity is simply demanding more than Earth can provide. This overuse cannot be maintained for long. If we continue on the course estimated by moderate United Nations projections for increasing population and consumption, Global Footprint Network data show that we will need the capacity of two Eart ...
... humanity is simply demanding more than Earth can provide. This overuse cannot be maintained for long. If we continue on the course estimated by moderate United Nations projections for increasing population and consumption, Global Footprint Network data show that we will need the capacity of two Eart ...
Better Growth, Better Climate: The New Climate Economy Report
... to be invested in infrastructure in the world’s urban, land use and energy systems. How these changes are managed will shape future patterns of growth, productivity and living standards. The next 15 years of investment will also determine the future of the world’s climate system. Climate change caus ...
... to be invested in infrastructure in the world’s urban, land use and energy systems. How these changes are managed will shape future patterns of growth, productivity and living standards. The next 15 years of investment will also determine the future of the world’s climate system. Climate change caus ...
El Niño – tracking a global climate phenomenon
... Pacific Ocean becomes unusually warm. This sets off a chain reaction of weather events around the world – some devastating and some beneficial, having various impacts on water supply and food production. The last major El Niño emerged in 1997/98, followed by weak and moderate ones in 2002/03, 2004/0 ...
... Pacific Ocean becomes unusually warm. This sets off a chain reaction of weather events around the world – some devastating and some beneficial, having various impacts on water supply and food production. The last major El Niño emerged in 1997/98, followed by weak and moderate ones in 2002/03, 2004/0 ...
The Open Ocean
... 4. Unabated greenhouse gas emissions require immediate regulation to avoid severe consequences. If greenhouse gas emissions continue unabated, IPCC projections from now to 2050 indicate a continued decline in the health of marine ecosystems and their associated services. This will have negative con ...
... 4. Unabated greenhouse gas emissions require immediate regulation to avoid severe consequences. If greenhouse gas emissions continue unabated, IPCC projections from now to 2050 indicate a continued decline in the health of marine ecosystems and their associated services. This will have negative con ...
The greenhouse effect
... Explain the molecular mechanisms by which greenhouse gases absorb infrared radiation. Greenhouse gases are all molecular in nature, (meaning comprised of more than one atom). For our purposes we will consider the triatomic molecule CO2. A simple model of CO2 has springs connecting the two oxygen ...
... Explain the molecular mechanisms by which greenhouse gases absorb infrared radiation. Greenhouse gases are all molecular in nature, (meaning comprised of more than one atom). For our purposes we will consider the triatomic molecule CO2. A simple model of CO2 has springs connecting the two oxygen ...
from international linkages to internal divisions in china
... In negotiations about climate change, China has participated as both a cooperator and a defector. To explain China’s contradictory attitude, this article examines both international and domestic factors. Although international linkages played an important role in earlier stages, their influence was ...
... In negotiations about climate change, China has participated as both a cooperator and a defector. To explain China’s contradictory attitude, this article examines both international and domestic factors. Although international linkages played an important role in earlier stages, their influence was ...
publication (accessible PDF, 2.8 MB)
... on which this report is based, has undoubtedly been the Paris Climate Summit. The IKI did its part to ensure that the international community was able to reach a breakthrough agreement. It offered advisory services far in advance of the crucial days of negotiation in November and December 2015: alre ...
... on which this report is based, has undoubtedly been the Paris Climate Summit. The IKI did its part to ensure that the international community was able to reach a breakthrough agreement. It offered advisory services far in advance of the crucial days of negotiation in November and December 2015: alre ...
DOC
... d. Which hemisphere shows more variation in the annual concentration of CO2 between winter and summer months? ...
... d. Which hemisphere shows more variation in the annual concentration of CO2 between winter and summer months? ...
petrol prices
... Australia will therefore be extended until after the conclusion of the current Kyoto commitment period, which finishes at the end of 2012. That's at least three years before any action is taken on the issue of climate change which is exactly the OPPOSITE of what the Prime Minister was calling for la ...
... Australia will therefore be extended until after the conclusion of the current Kyoto commitment period, which finishes at the end of 2012. That's at least three years before any action is taken on the issue of climate change which is exactly the OPPOSITE of what the Prime Minister was calling for la ...
Differential effects of temperature change and human impact on
... fossil records, which complicate the calibration of realistic and accurate ecological niche modeling. Here, we overcome this problem by using ecotypes, and not real species, to run our models. We created 40 ecotypes with different temperature requirements (mean temperature from 20 °C to 25 °C and te ...
... fossil records, which complicate the calibration of realistic and accurate ecological niche modeling. Here, we overcome this problem by using ecotypes, and not real species, to run our models. We created 40 ecotypes with different temperature requirements (mean temperature from 20 °C to 25 °C and te ...
The Mediterranean: vulnerability to coastal implications of` climate
... The Mediterranean is experiencing a number of immediate coastal problems which are triggering efforts to improve short-term coastal management. This paper shows that coastal management also needs to address long-term problems and, in particular, the likelihood of climate change. Regional scale studi ...
... The Mediterranean is experiencing a number of immediate coastal problems which are triggering efforts to improve short-term coastal management. This paper shows that coastal management also needs to address long-term problems and, in particular, the likelihood of climate change. Regional scale studi ...
Climate sensitivity of the Earth to solar irradiance
... and the secular change in I since 1900) one estimates T 288(1/4 * 1365) 0.05C. Our measurements yield a value of about twice this. This value, however, is not negligible compared to some estimates of anthropogenic effects. The framework for a quantitative discussion is developed below. ...
... and the secular change in I since 1900) one estimates T 288(1/4 * 1365) 0.05C. Our measurements yield a value of about twice this. This value, however, is not negligible compared to some estimates of anthropogenic effects. The framework for a quantitative discussion is developed below. ...
Temperature sensitivity of drought-induced tree mortality portends
... frequency of mortality-inducing events (Fig. 3B). This projection is conservative because it is based on the historical drought record and therefore does not include changes in drought frequency, which is predicted to increase concurrently with warming (2, 37–39). In addition, populations of tree pe ...
... frequency of mortality-inducing events (Fig. 3B). This projection is conservative because it is based on the historical drought record and therefore does not include changes in drought frequency, which is predicted to increase concurrently with warming (2, 37–39). In addition, populations of tree pe ...
An estimate of equilibrium sensitivity of global terrestrial carbon
... ‘‘combined effects’’ refers to the combination of CO2-radiative, CO2-physiological and CO2-fertilization effects (i.e., to the combination of CO2-radiative and CO2-direct effects). In the next two sections, we describe the model used and experimental setup. In the following section, we quantify the ...
... ‘‘combined effects’’ refers to the combination of CO2-radiative, CO2-physiological and CO2-fertilization effects (i.e., to the combination of CO2-radiative and CO2-direct effects). In the next two sections, we describe the model used and experimental setup. In the following section, we quantify the ...
Green Market Responses to Global Governance: International
... The EU ETS is also a useful exploratory case because it is mandatory and therefore truthfully represents sectoral interests across developed economies. The system includes some of the most productive global companies such as BMW and Royal Dutch Shell. Moreover, the EU ETS was conceived as an integra ...
... The EU ETS is also a useful exploratory case because it is mandatory and therefore truthfully represents sectoral interests across developed economies. The system includes some of the most productive global companies such as BMW and Royal Dutch Shell. Moreover, the EU ETS was conceived as an integra ...