Treeline advance – driving processes and adverse factors
... he general trend of climatically-driven treeline advance is modified by regional, local and temporal variations. Treelines will not advance in a closed front parallel to the shift of any isotherm to higher elevations and more northern latitudes. The effects of varying topography on site conditions a ...
... he general trend of climatically-driven treeline advance is modified by regional, local and temporal variations. Treelines will not advance in a closed front parallel to the shift of any isotherm to higher elevations and more northern latitudes. The effects of varying topography on site conditions a ...
Free version - Derek Lemoine
... Figure 4 shows the domino effect underlying these policy interactions. Each line depicts the probability of eventually crossing another threshold if the stated tipping point occurs in period t. The thick black line depicts this probability in the absence of tipping point interactions or any policy ...
... Figure 4 shows the domino effect underlying these policy interactions. Each line depicts the probability of eventually crossing another threshold if the stated tipping point occurs in period t. The thick black line depicts this probability in the absence of tipping point interactions or any policy ...
IFC Climate Implementation Plan (April 2016)
... New FI Models: There are numerous opportunities to expand the business of Financial Institutions in financing the transition to a low carbon economy. For example, IFC will use its expertise (FIG and Treasury) to help FI (and corporate) clients develop their own green bonds with IFC taking an anchor ...
... New FI Models: There are numerous opportunities to expand the business of Financial Institutions in financing the transition to a low carbon economy. For example, IFC will use its expertise (FIG and Treasury) to help FI (and corporate) clients develop their own green bonds with IFC taking an anchor ...
- Arjen Y. Hoekstra
... to increase by 5–8% over the next 50 years (Middelkoop et al. 2001). As an extreme scenario the design discharge at Lobith could increase from 16,000 to 20,000 m3s-1 in the year 2100 (Middelkoop and Kwadijk 2001). In the probabilistic design a change in the discharge regime will only lead to a diffe ...
... to increase by 5–8% over the next 50 years (Middelkoop et al. 2001). As an extreme scenario the design discharge at Lobith could increase from 16,000 to 20,000 m3s-1 in the year 2100 (Middelkoop and Kwadijk 2001). In the probabilistic design a change in the discharge regime will only lead to a diffe ...
Interannual climatic variation mediates elevated CO2
... CO2-enrichment (FACE) experiments on both existing and aggrading forest systems (Isebrands et al., 2001; Hamilton et al., 2002; Norby et al., 2002; Calfapietra et al., 2003; King et al., 2005). Across several forest FACE experiments, an increase of 200 ppm CO2 produced about an 23% increase in net p ...
... CO2-enrichment (FACE) experiments on both existing and aggrading forest systems (Isebrands et al., 2001; Hamilton et al., 2002; Norby et al., 2002; Calfapietra et al., 2003; King et al., 2005). Across several forest FACE experiments, an increase of 200 ppm CO2 produced about an 23% increase in net p ...
Avoiding Deforestation in Aceh, Indonesia: Land, Natural
... planned at the community, country-wide, or regional levels. Law and regulation partially and, in some cases substantially, can help solve these issues.” ...
... planned at the community, country-wide, or regional levels. Law and regulation partially and, in some cases substantially, can help solve these issues.” ...
COM COM(2010)
... validating the existing scientific evidence and contribute to mainstreaming and integrating biodiversity and ecosystem services into policy making processes to ensure long-term human wellbeing. A decision on whether or not to establish IPBES is expected in spring 2010. Fourth, integration of biodive ...
... validating the existing scientific evidence and contribute to mainstreaming and integrating biodiversity and ecosystem services into policy making processes to ensure long-term human wellbeing. A decision on whether or not to establish IPBES is expected in spring 2010. Fourth, integration of biodive ...
1. Biodiversity as principal objective
... thematic, bilateral, regional and global cooperation channels Increase mainstreaming of biodiversity in sectors: outreach to geographic division to influence multi-year programming. Insist on positive socio-economic opportunities. ...
... thematic, bilateral, regional and global cooperation channels Increase mainstreaming of biodiversity in sectors: outreach to geographic division to influence multi-year programming. Insist on positive socio-economic opportunities. ...
Trends and variability in rain-on-snow events
... Figure 4. Correlation of the DJF (a) Pacific-North American pattern (PNA), (b) Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), and (c) October–November multivariate ENSO index (MEI) with the ROS events for DJF across the Northern Hemisphere for the period 1979/1980 to 2013/2014. The PNA/PDO values are calculated a ...
... Figure 4. Correlation of the DJF (a) Pacific-North American pattern (PNA), (b) Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), and (c) October–November multivariate ENSO index (MEI) with the ROS events for DJF across the Northern Hemisphere for the period 1979/1980 to 2013/2014. The PNA/PDO values are calculated a ...
Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment of the Galápagos Islands
... The Galápagos Islands are among the many places in the world already experiencing the impacts of climate change. It is predicted that climate change will cause rising sea level, higher ocean temperatures and more acidic waters. As the ocean largely regulates the climate, changes in ocean temperature ...
... The Galápagos Islands are among the many places in the world already experiencing the impacts of climate change. It is predicted that climate change will cause rising sea level, higher ocean temperatures and more acidic waters. As the ocean largely regulates the climate, changes in ocean temperature ...
The relationship between anthropogenic dust and population over
... increased anthropogenic dust emission over different regions (Mahowald and Luo, 2003). Mulitza et al. (2010) studied the development of agriculture in the Sahel, which was associated with a large increase in dust emission and deposition in the region, and they found that dust deposition is related t ...
... increased anthropogenic dust emission over different regions (Mahowald and Luo, 2003). Mulitza et al. (2010) studied the development of agriculture in the Sahel, which was associated with a large increase in dust emission and deposition in the region, and they found that dust deposition is related t ...
An Overview of Glaciers, Glacier Retreat, and Subsequent Impacts
... Closer to the present focus of our areas of study, Himalayan glaciers have also been found to be in a state of general retreat since 1850 (Mayewski & Jeschke 1979). The Himalayan glaciers feed seven of Asia’s great rivers: Ganga, Indus, Brahmaputra, Salween, Mekong, Yangtze and Huang He, and ensure ...
... Closer to the present focus of our areas of study, Himalayan glaciers have also been found to be in a state of general retreat since 1850 (Mayewski & Jeschke 1979). The Himalayan glaciers feed seven of Asia’s great rivers: Ganga, Indus, Brahmaputra, Salween, Mekong, Yangtze and Huang He, and ensure ...
Temperate grasslands and global atmospheric change
... in order to mitigate the rise of CO2. Pastures and livestock production systems are extremely diverse. They occur over a large variation in climate and soil conditions and range from very extensive pastoral systems where domestic herbivores graze and browse rangelands to intensive systems based on f ...
... in order to mitigate the rise of CO2. Pastures and livestock production systems are extremely diverse. They occur over a large variation in climate and soil conditions and range from very extensive pastoral systems where domestic herbivores graze and browse rangelands to intensive systems based on f ...
investment and financial flows to address climate change
... is being increasingly convinced and galvanised into action to address this emergent challenge in light of the associated economic and human dimensions. The impacts of climate change ranging from sea level rise, melting ice caps and glaciers, severe weather events, drought, flooding, warming, subtle ...
... is being increasingly convinced and galvanised into action to address this emergent challenge in light of the associated economic and human dimensions. The impacts of climate change ranging from sea level rise, melting ice caps and glaciers, severe weather events, drought, flooding, warming, subtle ...
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... The National Wildlife Refuge System (NWRS) is managed by the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service with the legislated mission to “administer a national network of lands and waters for the conservation, management, and where appropriate, restoration of the fish, wildlife, and plant resources and their habita ...
... The National Wildlife Refuge System (NWRS) is managed by the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service with the legislated mission to “administer a national network of lands and waters for the conservation, management, and where appropriate, restoration of the fish, wildlife, and plant resources and their habita ...
An Overview of Glaciers, Glacier Retreat, and Subsequent
... Commission for Snow and Ice (ICSI) stated: `glaciers in the Himalayas are receding faster than in any other part of the world and, if the present rate continues, the livelihood[sic] of them disappearing by the year 2035 is very high.'" This statement was used in good faith but it is now clear that t ...
... Commission for Snow and Ice (ICSI) stated: `glaciers in the Himalayas are receding faster than in any other part of the world and, if the present rate continues, the livelihood[sic] of them disappearing by the year 2035 is very high.'" This statement was used in good faith but it is now clear that t ...
investment and financial flows to address climate change
... is being increasingly convinced and galvanised into action to address this emergent challenge in light of the associated economic and human dimensions. The impacts of climate change ranging from sea level rise, melting ice caps and glaciers, severe weather events, drought, flooding, warming, subtle ...
... is being increasingly convinced and galvanised into action to address this emergent challenge in light of the associated economic and human dimensions. The impacts of climate change ranging from sea level rise, melting ice caps and glaciers, severe weather events, drought, flooding, warming, subtle ...
Inuit and Scientific Perspectives on the Relationship Between Sea
... coastal populations. To realize such a comprehensive understanding of the relationship between sea ice and climate change, it is essential to characterize these notions from both scientific and Inuit perspectives. This paper is the first step in a long process of drawing together different conceptio ...
... coastal populations. To realize such a comprehensive understanding of the relationship between sea ice and climate change, it is essential to characterize these notions from both scientific and Inuit perspectives. This paper is the first step in a long process of drawing together different conceptio ...
Arctic oscillation response to the 1991 Pinatubo
... Kinnison et al., 1994; Randel et al., 1995; Rosenfield et al., 1997; Solomon, 1999; Stenchikov et al., 2002; Rozanov et al., 2002]. [5] For the two boreal winters after the Pinatubo eruption, the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) reanalysis data (see our earlier study, Stenchikov ...
... Kinnison et al., 1994; Randel et al., 1995; Rosenfield et al., 1997; Solomon, 1999; Stenchikov et al., 2002; Rozanov et al., 2002]. [5] For the two boreal winters after the Pinatubo eruption, the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) reanalysis data (see our earlier study, Stenchikov ...
Complete Text – Transcription of Methane Monster II
... over 10 days due to 1000's of western states wild fires. I marveled at how easily we have slipped into the new normal. It's probably not so much a matter of willful blindness that makes us to so easily accept the new present as something to be adapted too. Perhaps climate change information is not e ...
... over 10 days due to 1000's of western states wild fires. I marveled at how easily we have slipped into the new normal. It's probably not so much a matter of willful blindness that makes us to so easily accept the new present as something to be adapted too. Perhaps climate change information is not e ...
What Controls the Strength of Snow-Albedo Feedback?
... radiation at the TOA (where Q is taken to be a constant), ␣s is the surface albedo, and ␣p is the planetary albedo. Equation (1) indicates that the strength of SAF is determined by the product of two terms, a coefficient representing the variation in planetary albedo with surface albedo (␣p/␣s) an ...
... radiation at the TOA (where Q is taken to be a constant), ␣s is the surface albedo, and ␣p is the planetary albedo. Equation (1) indicates that the strength of SAF is determined by the product of two terms, a coefficient representing the variation in planetary albedo with surface albedo (␣p/␣s) an ...
Vulnerability of Fiji`s mangroves and associated coral reefs to
... This report was commissioned by the WWF to review and compile existing studies and other literature on the state of knowledge of the vulnerability of Fijian mangroves and adjacent coral reefs to climate change. Information is reviewed on strategies or methodologies to adapt or increase the resilienc ...
... This report was commissioned by the WWF to review and compile existing studies and other literature on the state of knowledge of the vulnerability of Fijian mangroves and adjacent coral reefs to climate change. Information is reviewed on strategies or methodologies to adapt or increase the resilienc ...