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Drug interactions may be important risk factors for methotrexate
Drug interactions may be important risk factors for methotrexate

... radiological features of leukoencephalopathy has occasionally been reported following oral methotrexate used in patients with autoimmune and inflammatory disorders [5, 6], where neurotoxicity may appear many years into treatment in patients on a stable dose of methotrexate. Genome wide association s ...
PDF Format - Indian Pediatrics
PDF Format - Indian Pediatrics

... to left to right shunt lesions, where systolic function of the myocardium is preserved, is not well defined. Digoxin is used for slowing ventricular rate in tachyarrhythmias such as supraventricular tachycardia (SVT), atrial flutter and atrial fibrillation (AF). ...
Psychiatry II
Psychiatry II

... in anxiety disorders. Serotonergic neurons are a diverse group with projections throughout the cortex and limbic system. It has been suggested that anxiety manifests via various theorized mechanisms, including enhanced 5-HT release, supersensitivity of postsynaptic 5-HT receptors, abnormal uptake at ...
HCPs only: Click here for product support
HCPs only: Click here for product support

... 5.1 Clinical Worsening and Suicide Risk Patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), both adult and pediatric, may experience worsening of their depression and/or the emergence of suicidal ideation and behavior (suicidality) or unusual changes in behavior, whether or not they are taking antidepre ...
LIPOSOMES FOR THE DELIVERY OF NUCLEIC ACID DRUGS A
LIPOSOMES FOR THE DELIVERY OF NUCLEIC ACID DRUGS A

... liposomes have received attention not only for their utility as model membrane systems, but also for use in drug delivery. Typically, liposomes are used as drug carriers, with the solubilized drug encapsulated in the internal aqueous space formed by the liposomal lamellae. Liposomal drug formulation ...
Investigation of nausea
Investigation of nausea

... nausea. This is a diagnosis of exclusion and a few basic tests will often rule out serious pathology. Treatment can involve reassurance and short- or long-term medications, but in some patients nausea becomes chronic/refractory and medications are ineffective. The possibility of organic pathology, s ...
Volume 30 • Number 6 • 2013 - Controlled Release Society
Volume 30 • Number 6 • 2013 - Controlled Release Society

... To some degree at least, we can and do rationally create the future, but the complexity of possible interactions between scientific disciplines and collaborators means we don’t have a road map. It is more a compass direction. Or, it is like Adam Smith’s “invisible hand of the market,” where the effo ...
Donepezil is a strong antagonist of voltage
Donepezil is a strong antagonist of voltage

... et al., 2005; Kimura et al., 2005). Therefore, donepezil is expected to have a protective effect against progressive degeneration of brain neuronal cells in AD (Akasofu et al., 2003). Since mechanisms of neurodegenaration are believed to involve the activation of voltage-gated Ca2+- and/or K+channel ...
Psychomotor Stimulants (part 1)
Psychomotor Stimulants (part 1)

... – smoking of freebase or crack cocaine – second most efficient route of drug administration – cocaine is rapidly delivered to brain tissue – produces an intense euphoric “rush” – users rate subjective effects higher than IV – users may have a craving to repeat their drug use within 10 to 30 min ...
Sunday 22nd December: PSA1
Sunday 22nd December: PSA1

... The adverse effects are caused by the ACE inhibitor, which should be withdrawn and replaced by an angiotensin II receptor antagonist. It is likely the patient will need an antihypertensive. ADR is independent of dosage. Option C Justification Simvastatin does not cause a persistent irritating dry co ...
FORMULATION OF RAPID MOUTH DISSOLVING TABLETS OF CETIRIZINE di HCL USING  SUBLIMATION METHOD  Research Article   
FORMULATION OF RAPID MOUTH DISSOLVING TABLETS OF CETIRIZINE di HCL USING  SUBLIMATION METHOD  Research Article   

... individually  before  and  after  sublimation  and  from  the  average  weight,  standard  deviation  was  determined.  The  crushing  strength  (Kg/cm 2)  of  prepared  tablets  was  measured  by  using  Monsanto tablet hardness tester. For In vitro disintegration time  study,  no  method  is  avai ...
Lunesta
Lunesta

... For drugs that are dispensed in a press-through package (PTP), patients should be instructed to remove the drugs from the package prior to use. [Swallowing the PTP sheet by mistake has been reported to cause puncture in the esophageal mucosa due to sharp corners of the sheet, resulting in perforatio ...
Review on Prodrugs
Review on Prodrugs

... The latter are usually referred to as bioprecursor prodrugs. Conventional carrier-linked prodrugs often have a synthetic handle, a spacer or linker, between the active drug and the promoiety when the desired prodrug moiety cannot be attached directly to the parent molecule because of steric hindranc ...
Serotonin Transporter Occupancy of Five Selective Serotonin
Serotonin Transporter Occupancy of Five Selective Serotonin

... cingulate, and cerebellum to measure occupancy has been described previously (2, 7, 31, 32). For the midbrain region of interest, the border of the midbrain was drawn in the two planes superior to the pons. In two subjects, only one plane of the midbrain was used, as the pons and midbrain structures ...
Hypertension
Hypertension

... Therapy: Controlled the BP, using fast-acting drug,such as Nitroprusside, Labetalol The reduction of BP should less than 25% in 24 ...
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences (IOSR-JPBS)
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences (IOSR-JPBS)

... animal (11-12) and human studies (13). In our study we did not observe any significant reductions in body weight following treatment with bromocriptine although marginally less weight gain was seen compared to control animals, these finding however corroborate the results of some other studies (11-1 ...
Pre-reading about Opioid Analgesia for Children
Pre-reading about Opioid Analgesia for Children

... term used to refer to drugs derived from the opium poppy, for example, morphine (thus excluding synthetic opioids such as fentanyl) Opioid: refers to any substance with morphinelike activity including natural, semisynthetic and synthetic opioids Children's Pain Management Service, RCH, Melbourne ...
COX-2-selective NSAIDs: New wonder drugs?
COX-2-selective NSAIDs: New wonder drugs?

... A number of disparate methods have been used to assess the potency of inhibitors against COX-1 and COX-2. These assays have utilised COX derived from different species and tissues, and as such the results for individual compounds can vary widely.19 At the International Consensus Meeting on the Mode ...
Atherosclerosis
Atherosclerosis

... monotherapy in statin-intolerant patients; also used in combination with statins in statin-tolerant patients for further reduction of serum LDL and cholesterol. • Disadvantages: no effect on TG absorption; a new class of anti-atherosclerotic drug – long term effect not known. ...
sleeping pills and minor tranquillisers
sleeping pills and minor tranquillisers

... How should sleeping pills and minor tranquillisers be used? You should be prescribed sleeping pills and minor tranquillisers according to guidelines produced by NICE (the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence), the Royal College of Psychiatrists and the British National Formulary (the ma ...
Safety First: Handling Chemotherapy Drugs
Safety First: Handling Chemotherapy Drugs

... Pregnant pet owners should consult their obstetricians regarding whether they should have their pet undergo chemotherapy and how to manage aftercare. A general recommendation is that pregnant clients not be in the room during drug preparation and administration, and that aftercare be performed by an ...
Day 5 Session 1 OST june 13
Day 5 Session 1 OST june 13

... medicines with long-lasting effects to patients with opioid dependence under medical supervision (prescribed) ...
Factors that affect mass transport from drug eluting stents into the
Factors that affect mass transport from drug eluting stents into the

... such as the drug and polymer characteristics, stent design and also the structure of the artery wall and the plaque encased therein. Computational prediction of drug mass transport from a DES is a powerful means of evaluating the effectiveness of stent design before a stent is taken to clinical tria ...
Peer-reviewed Article PDF
Peer-reviewed Article PDF

... 10.61 ± 2.42 mg/L in this study. In vitro, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of cycloserine on strain H37Rv was high (25 mg/L) [12]. It is difficult to achieve the desired effect of antituberculosis in the lung tissue. From the view of pharmacodynamics, we suspect that the treatment effect ...
BSR/BHPR guideline for disease-modifying anti
BSR/BHPR guideline for disease-modifying anti

... clinical experience and the data from published literature, such as Product Specific Characteristics, the British National Formulary (BNF) and publications from various clinical trials in the specialty literature [3–6]. The adverse effects of DMARDs as reported in research trials have limitations, a ...
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Neuropharmacology

Neuropharmacology is the study of how drugs affect cellular function in the nervous system, and the neural mechanisms through which they influence behavior. There are two main branches of neuropharmacology: behavioral and molecular. Behavioral neuropharmacology focuses on the study of how drugs affect human behavior (neuropsychopharmacology), including the study of how drug dependence and addiction affect the human brain. Molecular neuropharmacology involves the study of neurons and their neurochemical interactions, with the overall goal of developing drugs that have beneficial effects on neurological function. Both of these fields are closely connected, since both are concerned with the interactions of neurotransmitters, neuropeptides, neurohormones, neuromodulators, enzymes, second messengers, co-transporters, ion channels, and receptor proteins in the central and peripheral nervous systems. Studying these interactions, researchers are developing drugs to treat many different neurological disorders, including pain, neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease, psychological disorders, addiction, and many others.
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