Anatomical organization of the central olfactory
... implies the importance of chemosensation. Due to their well-developed sense of smell and easily accessible nervous system, moths have served as suitable model organisms for researchers exploring general principles underlying odor information processing. Like in other insects, moths perceive odorants ...
... implies the importance of chemosensation. Due to their well-developed sense of smell and easily accessible nervous system, moths have served as suitable model organisms for researchers exploring general principles underlying odor information processing. Like in other insects, moths perceive odorants ...
Developmental structure in brain evolution
... of body size. However, in a medium-sized brain like a cat’s, the representation of the body surface and the primary motor representation occupies less than a tenth of the surface extent of isocortex, and it is not at all clear (depending upon your model of the brain) why specialized sense organs lik ...
... of body size. However, in a medium-sized brain like a cat’s, the representation of the body surface and the primary motor representation occupies less than a tenth of the surface extent of isocortex, and it is not at all clear (depending upon your model of the brain) why specialized sense organs lik ...
.... _ ACKNOWLEDGMENT !_ This monograph is based on the
... of a variety of neurological diseases. Consequently, the process of identifying, understanding, and regulating neurotoxic substances remains a pressing challenge. This challenge is complex because toxicants can injure the nervous system in a variety of ways. In addition, knowledge of the structure a ...
... of a variety of neurological diseases. Consequently, the process of identifying, understanding, and regulating neurotoxic substances remains a pressing challenge. This challenge is complex because toxicants can injure the nervous system in a variety of ways. In addition, knowledge of the structure a ...
Two Critical and Functionally Distinct Stages of Face and Body Perception
... Cortical regions that respond preferentially to particular object categories, such as faces and bodies, are essential for visual perception of these object categories. However, precisely when these regions play a causal role in recognition of their preferred categories is unclear. Here we addressed ...
... Cortical regions that respond preferentially to particular object categories, such as faces and bodies, are essential for visual perception of these object categories. However, precisely when these regions play a causal role in recognition of their preferred categories is unclear. Here we addressed ...
Rule-Selection and Action-Selection have a Shared
... frontal regions in tasks of cognitive control (Duncan and Owen 2000; Duncan 2006); similar properties of parietal and prefrontal neurons in tasks of working memory and cognitive control (Chafee and Goldman-Rakic 1998, 2000; Nieder and Miller 2004; Stoet and Snyder 2004); and the reciprocal interacti ...
... frontal regions in tasks of cognitive control (Duncan and Owen 2000; Duncan 2006); similar properties of parietal and prefrontal neurons in tasks of working memory and cognitive control (Chafee and Goldman-Rakic 1998, 2000; Nieder and Miller 2004; Stoet and Snyder 2004); and the reciprocal interacti ...
Prefrontal and parietal cortex mediate the interference
... example, the temporal probability of the occurrence of upcoming events, known as the “hazard rate,” modulates the neural firing rate in the lateral intraparietal region in monkeys [3]. Human neuroimaging studies demonstrated that such temporal modulation of firing rate during an anticipation period ...
... example, the temporal probability of the occurrence of upcoming events, known as the “hazard rate,” modulates the neural firing rate in the lateral intraparietal region in monkeys [3]. Human neuroimaging studies demonstrated that such temporal modulation of firing rate during an anticipation period ...
PDF
... short-latency or myotatic stretch reflex (Liddell and Sherrington, 1924). If the muscle stretch lasts longer than 35 ms (±5.5 ms), a second muscle contraction can be observed, beginning 50–60 ms after the onset of muscle stretch (Lewis et al., 2005), referred to as the long-latency or transcortical ...
... short-latency or myotatic stretch reflex (Liddell and Sherrington, 1924). If the muscle stretch lasts longer than 35 ms (±5.5 ms), a second muscle contraction can be observed, beginning 50–60 ms after the onset of muscle stretch (Lewis et al., 2005), referred to as the long-latency or transcortical ...
1 - Philosophy and Predictive Processing
... that dominant theories of perception have for a long time marginalized their role). The novel contribution of PP is that it puts an extreme emphasis on this idea, depicting the influence of top-down processing and prior knowledge as a pervasive feature of perception, which is not only present in cas ...
... that dominant theories of perception have for a long time marginalized their role). The novel contribution of PP is that it puts an extreme emphasis on this idea, depicting the influence of top-down processing and prior knowledge as a pervasive feature of perception, which is not only present in cas ...
Deep Brain stimulation in the Treatment of Dystonia – The
... However, this does not explain why symptomatic improvement is progressive after procedure and also why when the stimulation is turned off relapse of symptoms is delayed. GPi DBS has di ...
... However, this does not explain why symptomatic improvement is progressive after procedure and also why when the stimulation is turned off relapse of symptoms is delayed. GPi DBS has di ...
Constructivist Framework for Understanding Pain
... Complex brain activity patterns do not readily relate isomorphically to the contents of consciousness. We suggest that distributed processing may reflect the preconscious workings of the constructive process. Combining this insight with the knowledge that the temporal resolutions of current imaging ...
... Complex brain activity patterns do not readily relate isomorphically to the contents of consciousness. We suggest that distributed processing may reflect the preconscious workings of the constructive process. Combining this insight with the knowledge that the temporal resolutions of current imaging ...
Mapping Pavlovian Conditioning Effects on the Brain: Blocking
... subjects first exposed to a number of light and shock pairings (phase I, Fig. 1B) followed later by the tone/light compound paired with the shock (phase II, Fig. 1B), show conditioned responses to the light but not to the tone. Of importance is that all subjects received the same tone-shock contigui ...
... subjects first exposed to a number of light and shock pairings (phase I, Fig. 1B) followed later by the tone/light compound paired with the shock (phase II, Fig. 1B), show conditioned responses to the light but not to the tone. Of importance is that all subjects received the same tone-shock contigui ...
Down - 서울대 Biointelligence lab
... cortex that do not show significant variations in response to the onset of a 4 kHz tone with the amplitude envelope shown in (A). (B) Average firing rates in 5 ms bins of two different neurons. (C) Spike-triggered average rate that indicates some correlation between the firing of the two neurons tha ...
... cortex that do not show significant variations in response to the onset of a 4 kHz tone with the amplitude envelope shown in (A). (B) Average firing rates in 5 ms bins of two different neurons. (C) Spike-triggered average rate that indicates some correlation between the firing of the two neurons tha ...
Down - 서울대 Biointelligence lab
... cortex that do not show significant variations in response to the onset of a 4 kHz tone with the amplitude envelope shown in (A). (B) Average firing rates in 5 ms bins of two different neurons. (C) Spike-triggered average rate that indicates some correlation between the firing of the two neurons tha ...
... cortex that do not show significant variations in response to the onset of a 4 kHz tone with the amplitude envelope shown in (A). (B) Average firing rates in 5 ms bins of two different neurons. (C) Spike-triggered average rate that indicates some correlation between the firing of the two neurons tha ...
Central neural control of the cardiovascular system
... curve to the right) (49) as well as central regulatory mechanisms that maintain the arterial blood PO2 (PaO2) despite large changes in metabolic activity (1). Apart from physical exercise, coordinated cardiovascular and respiratory mechanisms regulate the O2 supply to all tissue during other behavio ...
... curve to the right) (49) as well as central regulatory mechanisms that maintain the arterial blood PO2 (PaO2) despite large changes in metabolic activity (1). Apart from physical exercise, coordinated cardiovascular and respiratory mechanisms regulate the O2 supply to all tissue during other behavio ...
Responses to irrational actions in action
... Early studies reported engagement of the AON and MZN in quite different circumstances, but the extent to which the AON and MZN systems function independently and how they interact is currently debated (see Van Overwalle and Baetens (2009) for a meta-analysis). Concurrent activation of both systems i ...
... Early studies reported engagement of the AON and MZN in quite different circumstances, but the extent to which the AON and MZN systems function independently and how they interact is currently debated (see Van Overwalle and Baetens (2009) for a meta-analysis). Concurrent activation of both systems i ...
PDF - Stanford University
... Figure 1). For each of these structures we present a brief overview of the general functions associated with the structure, and then discuss findings of studies relating both volumetric and functional anomalies of the structure to MDD. In this context, we describe the types of tasks that have been u ...
... Figure 1). For each of these structures we present a brief overview of the general functions associated with the structure, and then discuss findings of studies relating both volumetric and functional anomalies of the structure to MDD. In this context, we describe the types of tasks that have been u ...
Resting-State Functional Connectivity in Autism Spectrum
... more inclined to systemize while females were more likely to empathize. It was then hypothesized that autism is marked by an extreme systemizing approach above and beyond the normal male’s predisposition to systemization (27–29). Social deficits observed in ASD as well as the increased prevalence in ...
... more inclined to systemize while females were more likely to empathize. It was then hypothesized that autism is marked by an extreme systemizing approach above and beyond the normal male’s predisposition to systemization (27–29). Social deficits observed in ASD as well as the increased prevalence in ...
Mechanisms of Visual Attention in the Human Cortex
... firing rate and a single poor stimulus elicited a low firing rate, the response to the paired stimuli was reduced compared with that elicited by the single good stimulus. This result indicates that two stimuli present at the same time within a neuron’s RF are not processed independently, but rather ...
... firing rate and a single poor stimulus elicited a low firing rate, the response to the paired stimuli was reduced compared with that elicited by the single good stimulus. This result indicates that two stimuli present at the same time within a neuron’s RF are not processed independently, but rather ...
gross_neuroanatomy-1
... • These sulci are the most continuous fissures of the lateral surface of the brain and have an early ontogenetic development • Morphology of CS and LS is similar between subjects and these sulci are a common landmark also in non-human primates’ brain • On the lateral surface of the brain, CS sepa ...
... • These sulci are the most continuous fissures of the lateral surface of the brain and have an early ontogenetic development • Morphology of CS and LS is similar between subjects and these sulci are a common landmark also in non-human primates’ brain • On the lateral surface of the brain, CS sepa ...
The dual nature of time preparation: neural
... across blocks of trials (Woodrow, 1914). It can be inferred from this finding that (i) time preparation is set according to the subject’s expectations concerning the time of occurrence of the response signal and (ii) the accuracy of this timing decreases as the time elapsed since the precue lengthens ...
... across blocks of trials (Woodrow, 1914). It can be inferred from this finding that (i) time preparation is set according to the subject’s expectations concerning the time of occurrence of the response signal and (ii) the accuracy of this timing decreases as the time elapsed since the precue lengthens ...
Anatomical Changes in Human Motor Cortex and Motor Pathways
... Using Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM; Friston et al. 1995), the 3 T1weighted images from each subject were coregistered and averaged. The averaged image was bias corrected using the SPM5 unified segmentation (Ashburner and Friston 2005). The bias-corrected images were segmented and spatially nor ...
... Using Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM; Friston et al. 1995), the 3 T1weighted images from each subject were coregistered and averaged. The averaged image was bias corrected using the SPM5 unified segmentation (Ashburner and Friston 2005). The bias-corrected images were segmented and spatially nor ...
Changes in the N1-P2 Complex after Speech
... there is tremendous potential for clinical application. The N1-P2 complex could be used to monitor neurophysiologic changes during speech-sound acquisition after cochlear implantation, hearing aid use, or any other form of auditory learning. More importantly, physiologic correlates of perception cou ...
... there is tremendous potential for clinical application. The N1-P2 complex could be used to monitor neurophysiologic changes during speech-sound acquisition after cochlear implantation, hearing aid use, or any other form of auditory learning. More importantly, physiologic correlates of perception cou ...
No Binocular Rivalry in the LGN of Alert Macaque Monkeys
... body of quantitative human psychophysical data related to it. The work of Levelt (1965) is seminal. It is known that monkeys, as well as humans, do indeed experience rivalry, as indicated b y their perceptual choices in a motion discrimination task (Logothetis & Schall, 1990). By stressing the LGN w ...
... body of quantitative human psychophysical data related to it. The work of Levelt (1965) is seminal. It is known that monkeys, as well as humans, do indeed experience rivalry, as indicated b y their perceptual choices in a motion discrimination task (Logothetis & Schall, 1990). By stressing the LGN w ...
Neurolinguistics
Neurolinguistics is the study of the neural mechanisms in the human brain that control the comprehension, production, and acquisition of language. As an interdisciplinary field, neurolinguistics draws methodology and theory from fields such as neuroscience, linguistics, cognitive science, neurobiology, communication disorders, neuropsychology, and computer science. Researchers are drawn to the field from a variety of backgrounds, bringing along a variety of experimental techniques as well as widely varying theoretical perspectives. Much work in neurolinguistics is informed by models in psycholinguistics and theoretical linguistics, and is focused on investigating how the brain can implement the processes that theoretical and psycholinguistics propose are necessary in producing and comprehending language. Neurolinguists study the physiological mechanisms by which the brain processes information related to language, and evaluate linguistic and psycholinguistic theories, using aphasiology, brain imaging, electrophysiology, and computer modeling.