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PART TWO ENERGY NUTRIENTS AND ENERGY BALANCE
PART TWO ENERGY NUTRIENTS AND ENERGY BALANCE

... branched, provides many more sites (ends) for enzyme action. Therefore, amylopectin is digested more rapidly and raises blood glucose much more readily than amylose (see the discussion of glycemic load in a later section of Chapter 4, “Carbohydrates in Foods”). As noted earlier, animals—including hu ...
The Big Picture File
The Big Picture File

... translates info about the internal and external environment into a form of information that is usable by the brain • Effectors: means by which the body responds to changing internal and external conditions ...
glucose intravenous infusion bp
glucose intravenous infusion bp

... balance, electrolyte concentrations, and acid-base balance during prolonged parenteral therapy or whenever the condition of the patient or the rate of administration warrants such evaluation. Particular caution is advised in patients at increased risk of and from water and electrolyte disturbances t ...
On phenomenal character and Petri dishes
On phenomenal character and Petri dishes

... we must recall how amazing it is that any physical thing, even a fully embodied human, has experiences. It is often observed that were we not so closely acquainted with the phenomenon, we would be hard pressed to believe in it. A clever illustration of this observation is science fiction author Terr ...
Planarian shows decision-making behavior in response to multiple
Planarian shows decision-making behavior in response to multiple

... stimuli, its nervous system detects sensory cues and converts this information into adaptive movement. For behaviors in response to a simple stimulus, sensory neurons sometimes communicate directly with motor neurons; however, when animals are exposed to more complex stimuli, integration of sensory ...
Foundations of Physiological Psychology, 7e (Carlson)
Foundations of Physiological Psychology, 7e (Carlson)

... 20) A complex phenomenon that is explained using simpler phenomena is based on the process of A) rationalization. B) simplification. C) generalization. D) deduction. E) reduction. Answer: E Diff: 2 Page Ref: 5 Objective: Factual LO:1.2 APA: 1.1 21) Dr. Leary argues that muscle contraction occurs bec ...
Diet, nutrition and the prevention of excess weight gain and obesity
Diet, nutrition and the prevention of excess weight gain and obesity

... Design: The evidence for potential aetiological factors and strategies to reduce obesity prevalence was reviewed, and recommendations for public health action, population nutrition goals and further research were made. Results: Protective factors against obesity were considered to be: regular physic ...
Neural correlates of positive and negative performance feedback in
Neural correlates of positive and negative performance feedback in

... about how his behavior is perceived, realized and experienced by another person. Thereby, feedback includes information about the results, effects and consequences which may be useful if someone has to do appropriate adjustments of his own behavior. With regard to aging it is important to know if bo ...
Interventions for Clients with Diabetes Mellitus
Interventions for Clients with Diabetes Mellitus

... • Walking is best form • WHAT DOES IT DO? Beneficial effect on CHO metabolism and insulin sensitivity Lowers the blood glucose and reduces cardiovascular risk • HOW? By increasing the uptake of glucose by body muscles and by improving insulin utilization ...
Inverse relation between dietary fiber intake and visceral adiposity in
Inverse relation between dietary fiber intake and visceral adiposity in

... overweight Latino youth1–3 Jaimie N Davis, Katharine E Alexander, Emily E Ventura, Claudia M Toledo-Corral, and Michael I Goran insulin resistance may be factors that contribute to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes in this ethnic group (6–8). In the past decade, the decline in carbohydrate quality ...
Sample Chapter 5
Sample Chapter 5

... order to support intense physical activity. Yielding on average 4 kcal/g, carbohydrates are a readily available fuel for all cells in the form of blood glucose and stored in the liver and muscles as glycogen. Carbohydrate stored in the liver can be used to maintain blood glucose availability in time ...
Deep Brain stimulation in the Treatment of Dystonia – The
Deep Brain stimulation in the Treatment of Dystonia – The

... adults.   They   are   characterised   by   involuntary   concurrent   muscle   contractions   of   antagonistic   pairs   leading   to   twisting   and   writhing   body   postures.1  Movements   vary   in   speed   and   duration   and   depend ...
full text - TReAD Lab
full text - TReAD Lab

... 23]. In primates (but not rodents), the dendritic field of an individual STN neuron occupies only a small portion of the nucleus, which may help compartmentalize the topographic inputs and outputs [24, 25]. Despite these anatomical distinctions, clear evidence for functional differences between thes ...
What Is the Glycemic Index?
What Is the Glycemic Index?

... during exercise – 23 of 36 observations within these studies showed a positive effect of carbohydrate on endurance – Effective dose • Minimum, 16 to 22 g carbohydrate/hour • Maximum, 75 g carbohydrate/hour – No studies showed an adverse, or ergolytic, effect of carbohydrate on ...
Low GI - Abbott Nutrition
Low GI - Abbott Nutrition

... during exercise – 23 of 36 observations within these studies showed a positive effect of carbohydrate on endurance – Effective dose • Minimum, 16 to 22 g carbohydrate/hour • Maximum, 75 g carbohydrate/hour – No studies showed an adverse, or ergolytic, effect of carbohydrate on ...
Carbohydrates: Simple Sugars and Complex Chains
Carbohydrates: Simple Sugars and Complex Chains

... oes sugar cause diabetes? Will too much sugar make a child hyperactive? Does excess sugar contribute to criminal behavior? What about starch? Does it really make you fat? These and other questions have been raised about sugar and starch—dietary carbohydrates—over the years. But, where do these ideas ...
pre_print_Blunted_and_exaggerated_cardiac_stress_reactivity
pre_print_Blunted_and_exaggerated_cardiac_stress_reactivity

... groups in response to the stress task could not be explained by subjective measures of engagement, stressfulness, or difficulty. This study supports the notion that blunted peripheral physiological stress reactivity may be a marker of some form of biological disengagement in brain areas supporting m ...
donepezil dose-dependently inhibits acetylcholinesterase activity in
donepezil dose-dependently inhibits acetylcholinesterase activity in

... different areas of the human CNS has been well described in several reports. 15,17,30,35,40–43,50,54,59 We confirmed the findings of these previous studies, demonstrating that regional and laminar variations of the AChE-positive structures can be observed in non-demented control brain samples. The a ...
PowerPoint
PowerPoint

... • Arterial blood supply is branches from circle of Willis on base of brain • Vessels on surface of brain----penetrate tissue • Uses 20% of our bodies oxygen & glucose needs – blood flow to an area increases with activity in that area – deprivation of O2 for 4 min does permanent injury • at that time ...
AHA Scientific Statement
AHA Scientific Statement

... †Total discretionary calories should be limited to the amounts shown in the Table at each calorie level. The calories assigned to discretionary calories may be used to increase intake from the basic food groups; to select foods from these groups that are higher in fat or that have added sugars; to a ...
Toxic Effects of Fructose
Toxic Effects of Fructose

... †Total discretionary calories should be limited to the amounts shown in the Table at each calorie level. The calories assigned to discretionary calories may be used to increase intake from the basic food groups; to select foods from these groups that are higher in fat or that have added sugars; to a ...
AHA Scientific Statement
AHA Scientific Statement

... †Total discretionary calories should be limited to the amounts shown in the Table at each calorie level. The calories assigned to discretionary calories may be used to increase intake from the basic food groups; to select foods from these groups that are higher in fat or that have added sugars; to a ...
Goals of Explaining Brain Functions Underlying Anxiety Disorders
Goals of Explaining Brain Functions Underlying Anxiety Disorders

... Cortex-based Approaches • Avoid Focusing on, Anticipating or Exaggerating threatening situations • “Replace, because you can’t erase.” – Don’t just tell yourself not to think something– you must replace the thought with something else that prevents it from returning. ...
Full version (PDF file)
Full version (PDF file)

... N-acetylcysteine, decreased blood pressure and heart rate and improved the chronotropic response to isoproterenol, in association with the inhibition of sympathetic activity (Girouard et al. 2003). In young healthy men, melatonin reduced pulsatile index and systolic blood pressure along with norepin ...
Regulation of synaptic functions in central nervous system by
Regulation of synaptic functions in central nervous system by

... of energy homoeostasis [1,3,7–9]. Among all the hormones related to feeding behaviour and cognition, leptin, insulin and ghrelin are among the best characterized. Synapses are specialized structures on the neuronal cell membrane that mediate rapid and highly efficient information transmission from a ...
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Selfish brain theory

The “Selfish Brain” theory describes the characteristic of the human brain to cover its own, comparably high energy requirements with the utmost of priorities when regulating energy fluxes in the organism. The brain behaves selfishly in this respect. The ""Selfish brain"" theory amongst other things provides a possible explanation for the origin of obesity, the severe and pathological form of overweight. The Luebeck obesity and diabetes specialist Achim Peters developed the fundamentals of this theory between 1998 and 2004. The interdisciplinary “Selfish Brain: brain glucose and metabolic syndrome” research group headed by Peters and supported by the German Research Foundation (DFG) at the University of Luebeck has in the meantime been able to reinforce the basics of the theory through experimental research.
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