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Generation of Theta and Gamma Rhythms in the Hippocampus
Generation of Theta and Gamma Rhythms in the Hippocampus

... When the Schaffer collaterals were stimulated by an electrical shock, a negative wave was observed in the apical dendrites of the CA1 pyramidal cells (Fig. 3); this negative wave reversed to a positive wave at the CA1 cell body layer. The apical dendritic negative wave was the population excitatory ...
Chapter 02: Biopsychology, Neuroscience, and Human Nature
Chapter 02: Biopsychology, Neuroscience, and Human Nature

... Topic: How Are Genes and Behavior Linked? Skill: Conceptual Objective: 2.1 Answer: d. language 7. Darwin's theory of ________ argues that evolution favors those organisms that are best adapted to their environment. a. encephalization b. bipedalism Incorrect. This term refers to an animal that walks ...
Electronic Realization of Human Brain`s Neo
Electronic Realization of Human Brain`s Neo

... complex system to date [16]. Comparison of hardware/software implementation and software simulations shows how faraway humans are in achieving the same efficiency as biological neurons. The power consumed by the software implementations are up to 500 billion times more and neo-cortical simulator res ...
Carbohydrate intake and obesity
Carbohydrate intake and obesity

... weight is generally given to long-term randomized experimental studies than to observational studies. In the last several decades, many disputes have been published on the interpretation of experimental studies that have manipulated macronutrient composition of diets and evaluated changes in body we ...
Evidence that GABA augmentation of norepinephrine release is mediated by interneurons
Evidence that GABA augmentation of norepinephrine release is mediated by interneurons

... 1-way analysis of variance ŽANOVA. for independent samples. Each brain region was analyzed separately. For experiments using synaptoneurosome preparations, differences between groups were determined using a 2-way ANOVA, with GABA as one between-groups variable, and KCl concentration as the second. G ...
Chapter 02: Biopsychology, Neuroscience, and Human Nature
Chapter 02: Biopsychology, Neuroscience, and Human Nature

... Answer: c. efferent neurons. 34. Every one of your actions arises from a. neural impulses delivered from your sensory neurons to your brain. b. neural impulses from the brain delivered to your muscles. Correct. Your physical actions are a result of the communication from your brain to your muscles. ...
Sample
Sample

... Answer: c. efferent neurons. 34. Every one of your actions arises from a. neural impulses delivered from your sensory neurons to your brain. b. neural impulses from the brain delivered to your muscles. Correct. Your physical actions are a result of the communication from your brain to your muscles. ...
CHAPTER TWO - Test Bank 1
CHAPTER TWO - Test Bank 1

... Correct. The function of the axon is to carry messages to other cells. b) regulate the neuron’s life processes c) receive messages from neighboring neurons Incorrect. Dendrites, not axons, receive messages. d) insulate against leakage of electrical impulses ANS: a, p. 47, F, LO=2.1, (2) % correct 67 ...
ANS: c, p. 46, F, LO=2.1, (1) - test bank and solution manual for your
ANS: c, p. 46, F, LO=2.1, (1) - test bank and solution manual for your

... Correct. The function of the axon is to carry messages to other cells. b) regulate the neuron’s life processes c) receive messages from neighboring neurons Incorrect. Dendrites, not axons, receive messages. d) insulate against leakage of electrical impulses ANS: a, p. 47, F, LO=2.1, (2) % correct 67 ...
ANS: c, p. 46, F, LO=2.1, (1)
ANS: c, p. 46, F, LO=2.1, (1)

... Correct. The soma is responsible for maintaining the life of the cell. ANS: d, p. 46, F, LO= 2.1, (2) % correct 67 a= 7 b= 23 c= 2 d= 67 r = .56 APA=1.1 9. Dendrite is to axon as: a) send is to receive. Incorrect. This is the opposite of the correct answer. b) send is to regulate. c) receive is to s ...
thyroid hormones in brain development and
thyroid hormones in brain development and

... astrocytes, in proportions that depend on the developmental stage. T4 and T3 are degraded by Dio3 present in neurons. Entry of T4 and T3 in brain is facilitated by specific transmembrane transporters, mainly the monocarboxylate transporter 8 (Mct8) and the organic anion transporter polypeptide 1c1 ( ...
Wager, T. D., Kang, J., Johnson, T. D., Nichols, T. E., Satpute, A. B.
Wager, T. D., Kang, J., Johnson, T. D., Nichols, T. E., Satpute, A. B.

... amygdala, and other structures. The results indicate that emotion categories are not contained within any one region or system, but are represented as configurations across multiple brain networks. The model provides a precise summary of the prototypical patterns for each emotion category, and demon ...
Consumption of high-fructose corn syrup in beverages may play a
Consumption of high-fructose corn syrup in beverages may play a

... leptin (homozygotes) are massively obese (22), and heterozygotes with low but detectable serum leptin concentrations have increased adiposity (23), which indicates that low leptin concentrations are associated with increased hunger and gains in body fat. Administration of leptin to persons who lack ...
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha in normal and diseased brain
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha in normal and diseased brain

... CNS and thus act directly on brain parenchyma by crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB), either by active transport mechanisms or passive diffusion in the circumventricular organs, including areas of the hypothalamus, pituitary, and pineal gland (Sternberg, 1997). Although much of this action occurs ...
PPT
PPT

... – Neurons contributing to the LFP signals have more diverse response properties the ones contributing to either SUA or MUA – Ex) LFP is a poor predictor of the behavior of single neurons LFP correlates better w/ the average signal of the neuronal population ...
Circadian and histaminergic regulation of the sleep
Circadian and histaminergic regulation of the sleep

... of high θ-, and γ-waves and strengthened the phase-amplitude coupling between these frequencies. The 24-hour rhythms of production and release of histamine and its metabolite, 1-methylhistamine were detected, whereas activities of the enzymes had no detectable diurnal rhythm. In addition, histamine ...
Postprandial effects of resistant starch corn porridges on blood
Postprandial effects of resistant starch corn porridges on blood

... eventually leading to amputation (Nelms et al. 2007). Several diet and lifestyle factors contribute to the development of obesity and DM2. In an observational study examining diet and lifestyles factors of 84,941 nurses over a 16-year period, incidence of DM2, physical inactivity, cigarette smoking, ...
Okamoto Devel Neurbiol Review
Okamoto Devel Neurbiol Review

... tion of neural circuits regulating monoaminergic systems. Fish and amphibian habenulae can be subdivided into dHb and vHb based on differences in cytoarchitecture (Braford and Northcutt, 1983; Kemali and Làzàr, 1985). The zebrafish dHb projects to the IPN (Aizawa et al., 2005; Gamse et al., 2005) a ...
IOSR Journal Of Environmental Science, Toxicology And Food Technology (IOSR-JESTFT)
IOSR Journal Of Environmental Science, Toxicology And Food Technology (IOSR-JESTFT)

... fluoride. Ascorbic acid and Ginkgo biloba received animal brain showed less degeneration. Fluoride exposed brain showed histopathological changes suggesting necrosis/ apoptosis, and these changes are linked to the thyroid hormone levels [36]. The neurodegeneration observed in the present study was s ...
Chapter 2: Biological Bases of Behavior MULTIPLE CHOICE 1
Chapter 2: Biological Bases of Behavior MULTIPLE CHOICE 1

... b. Charles’ cognitive function will deteriorate, but his personality should not dramatically change. c. Charles will have to take medication for many months, but it is possible to cure his disease. d. The course of Alzheimer’s is difficult to describe. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom's: Understand REF: 2.1 ...
Metabolic signals in sleep regulation: recent insights The Harvard
Metabolic signals in sleep regulation: recent insights The Harvard

... feeding behaviors and also integrates central and peripheral neuroendocrine, endocrine, and peptide signals. The bodily homeostatic mechanisms and sleep homeostasis rely on the complex integrative activity of various neuronal subgroups within hypothalamus.19 Anatomical studies further substantiated ...
White matter tract alterations in fragile X
White matter tract alterations in fragile X

... et al., 1997]. Early anatomical examination of the fragile X brain found no abnormalities in gross neuropathological examinations [Rudelli et al., 1985; Hinton et al., 1991]. Histologic examinations, however, detected abnormalities in the dendritic structure and density, as well as immature synapses ...
Sucrose, High-Fructose Corn Syrup, and Fructose, Their Metabolism
Sucrose, High-Fructose Corn Syrup, and Fructose, Their Metabolism

... impact on lipids (64). A recently completed trial in our research laboratory involving 352 overweight or obese individuals who consumed up to the 90th percentile population consumption levels for fructose as part of mixed-nutrient, eucaloric diets did not show any adverse effect on total cholesterol ...
DOES ISCHEMIA CAUSE ACUTE NEURONAL DAMAGE BY CONVERTING THE NA /K
DOES ISCHEMIA CAUSE ACUTE NEURONAL DAMAGE BY CONVERTING THE NA /K

... The gray matter of the higher brain undergoes spreading depolarization in response to ischemia, which increases metabolic demand and so promotes acute neuronal injury. The molecular mechanism linking ischemic failure of the Na+/K+ pump to the subsequent onset of a large inward current in neurons has ...
TINNITUS WHAT DO WE KNOW AND WHAT DO WE NOT KNOW
TINNITUS WHAT DO WE KNOW AND WHAT DO WE NOT KNOW

... involved in common tasks • Several parts of the brain are involved in most tasks • Some parts of the brain can do more than one task • Many parts of the brain interact with each other • The mind can control many functions such as how muscles contract ...
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Selfish brain theory

The “Selfish Brain” theory describes the characteristic of the human brain to cover its own, comparably high energy requirements with the utmost of priorities when regulating energy fluxes in the organism. The brain behaves selfishly in this respect. The ""Selfish brain"" theory amongst other things provides a possible explanation for the origin of obesity, the severe and pathological form of overweight. The Luebeck obesity and diabetes specialist Achim Peters developed the fundamentals of this theory between 1998 and 2004. The interdisciplinary “Selfish Brain: brain glucose and metabolic syndrome” research group headed by Peters and supported by the German Research Foundation (DFG) at the University of Luebeck has in the meantime been able to reinforce the basics of the theory through experimental research.
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