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Leptin Receptor Signaling and Action in the Central Nervous System
Leptin Receptor Signaling and Action in the Central Nervous System

... db/db mice) in rodents and humans results in increased food intake in combination with a phenotype of reduced energy expenditure reminiscent of the neuroendocrine starvation response (1,2,4). Leptin also regulates insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis by two mechanisms: one by controlling ener ...
The organisation of the stress response, and its relevance to
The organisation of the stress response, and its relevance to

... pathways as a potential explanation of visceral disorders, but the profession has typically described these in terms of somatovisceral or viscerosomatic reflex activity. Change in supraspinal neurophysiological efferent activity is increasingly being used to explain "stress" related disease. The chi ...
Caudo‐rostral brain spreading of α‐synuclein through vagal
Caudo‐rostral brain spreading of α‐synuclein through vagal

... A,B. Representative MO sections from a high expressor rat killed at 2 weeks post viral injection were stained for ha-syn. Caudo-rostral sections at corresponding Bregma levels were visualized at lower (A) and higher (B) magnification. The nucleus ambiguus (arrow) is visible in the section at Bregma ...
The Effect of Ischemia on Biogenic Amine Concentrations in
The Effect of Ischemia on Biogenic Amine Concentrations in

... some physical or biochemical phenomenon must be responsible for the dysfunction. Because biogenic amines are both neurotransmitters and have potent vasoactive properties, for many years there has been considerable speculation about their influences on the development of injury to the CNS. 1 Many exp ...
Brain regions involved in heading estimation and steering control in
Brain regions involved in heading estimation and steering control in

... Steering refers to the ability to control one’s direction of movement by adjusting our body orientation and it is a critical component of goal-directed locomotion. Steering enables us to walk and arrive accurately to our intended goal in space by anticipating our future path and avoiding obstacles a ...
Ping-An Li, Ashfaq Shuaib, Hiro Miyashita, Qing
Ping-An Li, Ashfaq Shuaib, Hiro Miyashita, Qing

... tional histopathological evaluation of brain damage. In hyperglycemic animals, however, survival was severely restricted. Thus, when 6 animals in a pilot study were allowed to wake up after the ischemia, all developed seizures during the first 1 to 3 hours and subsequently died in status epilepticus ...
The Brain, Consciousness, and the Afterlife
The Brain, Consciousness, and the Afterlife

... objective is how to develop appropriate techniques to identify, if at all possible, the underlying neurological correlates of consciousness. But can scientists eventually explain consciousness, and the mind-brain connection, in terms of neural processes and signaling pathways (i.e., can brain imagin ...
2-ch-1 - Shodhganga
2-ch-1 - Shodhganga

... known, but hospital experience has shown that a large number of obese patients need management for obesity (Sood, et al., 1985: 42). Obesity is essentially a disorder of energy balance characterized by an excess of body fat. It is chronic in nature and often associated with a wide range of metabolic ...
Histamine neurons in the tuberomamillary nucleus: a whole center
Histamine neurons in the tuberomamillary nucleus: a whole center

... and stoichiometry of GABAA -Rs among histaminergic neurons (Sergeeva et al., 2002, 2005) may account for these results. It is worth noting that functional heterogeneity of responses to bicuculline among histaminergic neurons relates to TMN neurons heterogeneity with respect to projection fields. Als ...
The stress-coping (mis)match hypothesis for nature×nurture
The stress-coping (mis)match hypothesis for nature×nurture

... this environment-driven variability is mediated by genotype. Rather, it is their view that experience can shape plasticity, and that a ‘fit’ between the person and his/her environment determines ‘for-better-and-for-worse’ outcomes. This evolutionary grounded view relates to the ‘environmental mismat ...
- Journal of Vestibular Research
- Journal of Vestibular Research

... time-course of recovery from one species to another (cat and rat for example) (] ); such differences could also affect different strains of rats. The neural mechanisms underlying this tendency to normal resting activity are unknown. Neural inputs from the remaining labyrinth acting through brainstem ...
Obesity in Libya: a review
Obesity in Libya: a review

... between male and female children with regard to overweight or obesity (9); however, obesity was almost two times more common among Libyan women than men (21.4% vs. 40.1%) (7, 10), whereas overweight was more prevalent among men than women, a trend being observed worldwide (1113). This is because wo ...
FREE Sample Here
FREE Sample Here

... a. Terminal buttons release neurotransmitters. b. Terminal buttons store and release chemicals that carry messages to other nearby neurons. c. Terminal buttons are the small fluid-filled gaps through which neural impulses are carried. d. Terminal buttons look like knobby swellings. e. Terminal butto ...
322 Neuroscience I - Jordan University of Science and Technology
322 Neuroscience I - Jordan University of Science and Technology

... A. Course description: This system-based course integrates the basic sciences into a study of neuroscience and behavior in both health and disease states. Each of the basic science topics is incorporated into an integrated body of knowledge covering neuroanatomy, neurophysiology, neurological correl ...
leptin
leptin

... neurons, and thus transmit feeding signals. Such signals are attenuated when leptin is in excess and are activated by low level of leptin. Another neuron – melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) neurons, are mediated in part by the release of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), which activates the thyroxin ...
Preview as PDF - Pearson Higher Education
Preview as PDF - Pearson Higher Education

... describe carbohydrates based on the number of molecules of sugar present. Simple carbohydrates contain either one or two molecules, whereas complex carbohydrates contain hundreds to thousands of molecules. ...
Methamphetamine Users in Sustained Abstinence
Methamphetamine Users in Sustained Abstinence

... might reflect long-lasting changes in dopamine cell activity. Consistent with the in vivo findings of others,23,24,26 Wilson et al25 observed abnormally low postmortem striatal dopamine transporter protein levels and abnormally low dopamine and tyrosine hydroxylase levels in the presence of normal l ...
Wernicke`s area homologue in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and
Wernicke`s area homologue in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and

... the optical fractionator method (West et al. 1991). Histological processing invariably results in tissue shrinkage and other volumetric artefacts. To account for shrinkage, we calculated volumetric correction factors for each individual tissue block. Shrinkage correction, and parameters used for mea ...
Epilepsy - OMICS International
Epilepsy - OMICS International

... of epileptic seizures that hint on the approximate structure, which is associated with the focus (i.e. a left arm twitching suggesting a right motor cortex involvement) some reliable ways are used to distinguish psychogenic non-epileptic seizures from genuine epilepsy. One such measure is determinin ...
Chapter 2 The Neural Bases of Learning and Memory
Chapter 2 The Neural Bases of Learning and Memory

... The hindbrain is the most primitive brain region. It controls many of the cranial nerves and nuclei that send impulses to and from the spinal cord and cranial nerves. Some of the most basic behaviors, like respiration, sleep and wakefulness, circulation, heart activity, and fine coordination of mov ...
Central mechanisms regulating coordinated cardiovascular and
Central mechanisms regulating coordinated cardiovascular and

... clearly identify the particular neurons and pathways that mediate stress-evoked increases in arterial pressure, sympathetic activity, and respiratory activity. Furthermore, c-Fos expression occurs only after sustained stimulation of neurons and so this method cannot be used to identify cell populati ...
Presentazione standard di PowerPoint
Presentazione standard di PowerPoint

... In his comment on the paper by Tomassy et al.(1), Douglas Fields (2) said:” It is certainly time to set aside the frayed metaphor of myelin as insulation and appreciate the more fascinating reality”. The revolutionary data demonstrated that myelination is not homogeneous: there appear to exist large ...
Why is parkinsonism not a feature of human methamphetamine users?
Why is parkinsonism not a feature of human methamphetamine users?

... 2001)] in the blood, brain (occipital cortex) and, in the 14/ 20 MA users in which hair was available, in sequential scalp hair samples; and the absence, at autopsy, of brain pathology unrelated to MA use (Table 1). Sixteen MA users tested negative for other drugs of abuse, including alcohol, wherea ...
Obesity
Obesity

... Obesity and Financial Incentives Course of Obesity and Extreme Obesity in Adolescents Use of Electronic Health Records for Addressing Overweight and Obesity in Primary Care Does Treating Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Obese Canadian Youth Improve Blood Sugar Control? Economic Aspects of Extreme Obesity ...
Appendix S1 Relation of local short
Appendix S1 Relation of local short

... contribute to local EEG considerably and others insignificantly. What is the contribution of volume conduction effect in this context? Firstly, volume conduction effect is distance dependent: the larger the distance of the recording electrode from the current source, the less informative the measure ...
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Selfish brain theory

The “Selfish Brain” theory describes the characteristic of the human brain to cover its own, comparably high energy requirements with the utmost of priorities when regulating energy fluxes in the organism. The brain behaves selfishly in this respect. The ""Selfish brain"" theory amongst other things provides a possible explanation for the origin of obesity, the severe and pathological form of overweight. The Luebeck obesity and diabetes specialist Achim Peters developed the fundamentals of this theory between 1998 and 2004. The interdisciplinary “Selfish Brain: brain glucose and metabolic syndrome” research group headed by Peters and supported by the German Research Foundation (DFG) at the University of Luebeck has in the meantime been able to reinforce the basics of the theory through experimental research.
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