The cognitive neuroscience of constructive memory
... instances of absent-minded forgetting to misattributions and suggestibility that can distort eyewitness identifications. But for memory researchers, such imperfections are most important because they provide critical evidence for the fundamental idea that memory is not a literal reproduction of the ...
... instances of absent-minded forgetting to misattributions and suggestibility that can distort eyewitness identifications. But for memory researchers, such imperfections are most important because they provide critical evidence for the fundamental idea that memory is not a literal reproduction of the ...
Insula and Orbitofrontal Cortical Morphology in Substance
... of 34 cocaine-dependent subjects,19 compared with controls. One possibility for equivocal results may be methodologic. Many prior studies used voxel-based morphometry, which involves voxelwise tissue classification, normalization to a standard atlas, and statistical comparison to determine differenc ...
... of 34 cocaine-dependent subjects,19 compared with controls. One possibility for equivocal results may be methodologic. Many prior studies used voxel-based morphometry, which involves voxelwise tissue classification, normalization to a standard atlas, and statistical comparison to determine differenc ...
NMDA receptor blockade causes selective prefrontal
... Helmholtz’s notion that the brain attempts to infer the causes of sensations (34, 35), predictive coding proposes that the brain generates predictions of its sensory input. When sensation deviates from these predictions, prediction error signals are generated and passed along the sensory processing ...
... Helmholtz’s notion that the brain attempts to infer the causes of sensations (34, 35), predictive coding proposes that the brain generates predictions of its sensory input. When sensation deviates from these predictions, prediction error signals are generated and passed along the sensory processing ...
Developmental mechanics of the primate cerebral cortex
... unequal cellular density (Richman et al. 1975), or other mechanical interactions of brain structures, such as friction of the cortical sheet with underlying subcortical structures (His 1874) or the association of the cortical plate with the sub-plate during development (Armstrong et al. 1995). Howev ...
... unequal cellular density (Richman et al. 1975), or other mechanical interactions of brain structures, such as friction of the cortical sheet with underlying subcortical structures (His 1874) or the association of the cortical plate with the sub-plate during development (Armstrong et al. 1995). Howev ...
aud
... the low frequency components of the signal are directed to one end of the cochlea and the highfrequency components are directed to the other end. As will be seen later in this chapter, the precise role that is played by this frequency analysis is only partially understood. ...
... the low frequency components of the signal are directed to one end of the cochlea and the highfrequency components are directed to the other end. As will be seen later in this chapter, the precise role that is played by this frequency analysis is only partially understood. ...
Assessing the Function of Motor Cortex: Single
... If cells were encoding endpoint force in a Cartesian spatial coordinate system, a cell’s preferred direction would, by definition, be predicted to remain invariant across postures. However, in agreement with numerous other studies, Sergio and Kalaska (1997, 2003) consistently showed statistically si ...
... If cells were encoding endpoint force in a Cartesian spatial coordinate system, a cell’s preferred direction would, by definition, be predicted to remain invariant across postures. However, in agreement with numerous other studies, Sergio and Kalaska (1997, 2003) consistently showed statistically si ...
The Dopamine Transporter and Risk-Taking Behavior
... ratings as well as personality tests that measure personality for expected behaviors. The Balloon Analog Risk Task (BART) is well known for having both validity and reliability. It correlates with real life risk taking as the task accurately predicts smokers based on performance when compared to non ...
... ratings as well as personality tests that measure personality for expected behaviors. The Balloon Analog Risk Task (BART) is well known for having both validity and reliability. It correlates with real life risk taking as the task accurately predicts smokers based on performance when compared to non ...
Connectivity of the human pedunculopontine nucleus region and
... the cerebellum, which passes via the superior cerebellar peduncle (Fig. 1 left). The cerebellar deep nuclei are known to send efferent collateral axons to the PPN region on their way to the thalamus in monkeys.18 Thus DT imaging confirms the existence of this pathway in humans that supports the func ...
... the cerebellum, which passes via the superior cerebellar peduncle (Fig. 1 left). The cerebellar deep nuclei are known to send efferent collateral axons to the PPN region on their way to the thalamus in monkeys.18 Thus DT imaging confirms the existence of this pathway in humans that supports the func ...
Basal Ganglia: Mechanisms for Action Selection
... The basal ganglia appear to fulfill the criteria for such a central mechanism (Redgrave et al. 1999). The main input nucleus, the striatum, receives input from every region of cortex, from primary visual, auditory, and somatosensory cortex, through motor cortices, to the subregions of prefrontal cor ...
... The basal ganglia appear to fulfill the criteria for such a central mechanism (Redgrave et al. 1999). The main input nucleus, the striatum, receives input from every region of cortex, from primary visual, auditory, and somatosensory cortex, through motor cortices, to the subregions of prefrontal cor ...
The Basal Ganglia and Motor Control
... our skilled movements, as well as our complex behaviors, have been learned in the course of development and have to be ’maintained’ during adult life. Although in this extended, lifelong learning process extensive parts of the brain are important, in the case of skilled movements in particular the c ...
... our skilled movements, as well as our complex behaviors, have been learned in the course of development and have to be ’maintained’ during adult life. Although in this extended, lifelong learning process extensive parts of the brain are important, in the case of skilled movements in particular the c ...
PDF
... information that is introduced into the early stages of the auditory pathway. The cerebropontocerebellar pathway may impart coordination and timing cues to the motor system. In an analogous way, perhaps the cerebropontocochlear nucleus projection endows the auditory system with a timing mechanism fo ...
... information that is introduced into the early stages of the auditory pathway. The cerebropontocerebellar pathway may impart coordination and timing cues to the motor system. In an analogous way, perhaps the cerebropontocochlear nucleus projection endows the auditory system with a timing mechanism fo ...
The functional role of the parieto-frontal mirror circuit: interpretations
... reflects motor preparation. In support of this interpretation are single-neuron data from monkeys showing that these areas are involved in covert motor preparation22–23. As for the superior parietal lobule, although its activation is typically absent in studies in which the experimenters use distal ...
... reflects motor preparation. In support of this interpretation are single-neuron data from monkeys showing that these areas are involved in covert motor preparation22–23. As for the superior parietal lobule, although its activation is typically absent in studies in which the experimenters use distal ...
Neural changes underlying the development of
... Children’s episodic memory is assessed in a number of ways, for example with tasks that require participants to recall associations between events and the context in which they occurred (DeMaster and Ghetti, in press; Lloyd et al., 2009; Piolino et al., 2007). For example, children may be required t ...
... Children’s episodic memory is assessed in a number of ways, for example with tasks that require participants to recall associations between events and the context in which they occurred (DeMaster and Ghetti, in press; Lloyd et al., 2009; Piolino et al., 2007). For example, children may be required t ...
Circuits of emotion in the primate brain
... behaviors, e.g., feeding, reproduction, aggression. Many of these functions, especially those that involve species-specific “instinctive” behaviors coordinated by central pattern generators are redundant and overlapping with similar functions controlled by the brainstem. A unique contribution of the ...
... behaviors, e.g., feeding, reproduction, aggression. Many of these functions, especially those that involve species-specific “instinctive” behaviors coordinated by central pattern generators are redundant and overlapping with similar functions controlled by the brainstem. A unique contribution of the ...
Cognitive spatial-motor processes
... aligned to the onset of the peripheral LED, whereas for the delayed movement task they were aligned to the onset of the cue signal. For a particular histogram, the mean and standard deviation of the frequency of discharge during the control period was calculated from the 25 bins (i.e. 500 ms) immedi ...
... aligned to the onset of the peripheral LED, whereas for the delayed movement task they were aligned to the onset of the cue signal. For a particular histogram, the mean and standard deviation of the frequency of discharge during the control period was calculated from the 25 bins (i.e. 500 ms) immedi ...
Mechanisms for Sensing Fat in Food in the Mouth
... Gustatory mechanisms have been revealed in rat oral taste cells that may mediate a possible fat taste via the slow modulation of K-channels by polyunsaturated free fatty acids such as linoleic acid (Gilbertson and others 1997; Gilbertson 1998). However, salivary lipase which could release fatty aci ...
... Gustatory mechanisms have been revealed in rat oral taste cells that may mediate a possible fat taste via the slow modulation of K-channels by polyunsaturated free fatty acids such as linoleic acid (Gilbertson and others 1997; Gilbertson 1998). However, salivary lipase which could release fatty aci ...
Axonal integrity predicts cortical reorganisation following cervical injury
... subject was excluded because of incomplete MRI data) reported previously.4 15 Their mean age was 47.5 years, (SD 11.3 years, range¼29e61 years, n¼9) and they met the following inclusion criteria: (1) Upper and lower limb impairment; (2) No head or brain lesion associated with the trauma leading to t ...
... subject was excluded because of incomplete MRI data) reported previously.4 15 Their mean age was 47.5 years, (SD 11.3 years, range¼29e61 years, n¼9) and they met the following inclusion criteria: (1) Upper and lower limb impairment; (2) No head or brain lesion associated with the trauma leading to t ...
The Inferior Parietal Lobule Is the Target of Output from the Superior
... attentional mechanisms, the establishment of maps of extrapersonal space, and the adaptive recalibration of eye–hand coordination. Our findings suggest that these functions are subserved by distinct subcortical systems from the superior colliculus, hippocampus, and cerebellum. Furthermore, the findi ...
... attentional mechanisms, the establishment of maps of extrapersonal space, and the adaptive recalibration of eye–hand coordination. Our findings suggest that these functions are subserved by distinct subcortical systems from the superior colliculus, hippocampus, and cerebellum. Furthermore, the findi ...
the biological perspective
... The sodium ions outside the cell are all the fans in the area, and they want to get inside to see the game. When the cell is resting (the electrical potential is in a state called the resting potential, because the cell is at rest), the fans are stuck outside. The sodium ions cannot enter when the c ...
... The sodium ions outside the cell are all the fans in the area, and they want to get inside to see the game. When the cell is resting (the electrical potential is in a state called the resting potential, because the cell is at rest), the fans are stuck outside. The sodium ions cannot enter when the c ...
Brain Part
... Most basic functions (sensory & motor) are equally controlled by both left & right hemispheres (remember communication exists through corpus callosum). o However, for some association functions, one hemisphere has greater control over language-related activities including speech, writing, reading, m ...
... Most basic functions (sensory & motor) are equally controlled by both left & right hemispheres (remember communication exists through corpus callosum). o However, for some association functions, one hemisphere has greater control over language-related activities including speech, writing, reading, m ...
Visual pathway class..
... • We do not have a descriptive or mechanistic model that predicts response properties of downstream visual areas, or behavior. • A descriptive model would vastly transform technology: the primate visual system is far superior to anything that engineers can build. • A mechanistic model is the ultimat ...
... • We do not have a descriptive or mechanistic model that predicts response properties of downstream visual areas, or behavior. • A descriptive model would vastly transform technology: the primate visual system is far superior to anything that engineers can build. • A mechanistic model is the ultimat ...
PDF
... Microstimulation activates not only the neuronal elements near the electrode tip, but also a network of neurons sharing connections with those directly stimulated. Thus, the effect of electrical stimulation is thought to depend on the recruitment of physiologically relevant brain circuits. Stimulati ...
... Microstimulation activates not only the neuronal elements near the electrode tip, but also a network of neurons sharing connections with those directly stimulated. Thus, the effect of electrical stimulation is thought to depend on the recruitment of physiologically relevant brain circuits. Stimulati ...
Chib et al., 2009 - Rangel Neuroeconomics Laboratory
... To make economic choices between goods, the brain needs to compute representations of their values. A great deal of research has been performed to determine the neural correlates of value representations in the human brain. However, it is still unknown whether there exists a region of the brain that ...
... To make economic choices between goods, the brain needs to compute representations of their values. A great deal of research has been performed to determine the neural correlates of value representations in the human brain. However, it is still unknown whether there exists a region of the brain that ...