Neuroanatomical correlates of the near response: voluntary
... ciliary muscle (thin solid lines) originates in the diencephalon and travels down the spinal cord to the lower cervical and upper thoracic segments, to synapse in the spinociliary centre of Budge in the intermediolateral tract of the cord. From there, second-order nerves leave the cord by the last c ...
... ciliary muscle (thin solid lines) originates in the diencephalon and travels down the spinal cord to the lower cervical and upper thoracic segments, to synapse in the spinociliary centre of Budge in the intermediolateral tract of the cord. From there, second-order nerves leave the cord by the last c ...
The dual nature of time preparation: neural
... less than 5% and (ii) the coefficient of variation of RT (standard deviation divided by the mean) was at most 0.15. No TMS was delivered during the training session; however, EMG was recorded in order to estimate the voluntary EMG onset latency of the individual distributions (see Burle et al., 2002) ...
... less than 5% and (ii) the coefficient of variation of RT (standard deviation divided by the mean) was at most 0.15. No TMS was delivered during the training session; however, EMG was recorded in order to estimate the voluntary EMG onset latency of the individual distributions (see Burle et al., 2002) ...
lecture 12 - McLoon Lab - University of Minnesota
... nucleus cuneatus (from upper body) in the medulla. • Axons from these nuclei cross the medulla and ascend to thalamus. ...
... nucleus cuneatus (from upper body) in the medulla. • Axons from these nuclei cross the medulla and ascend to thalamus. ...
Auditory working memory: contributions of lateral prefrontal cortex
... prefrontal cortex (lPFC) as a primary area for visual working memory, while another line of research has found the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) to be involved. This dissertation used auditory cues and found similar patterns of activity for processing auditory working memory information withi ...
... prefrontal cortex (lPFC) as a primary area for visual working memory, while another line of research has found the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) to be involved. This dissertation used auditory cues and found similar patterns of activity for processing auditory working memory information withi ...
Expected Value, Reward Outcome, and
... analyses accounting for both scan-to-scan and subject-to-subject variability. More precisely, the sets of individual statistical maps corresponding to a specific effect of interest were entered as covariates in multiple regression models (analysis of variance [ANOVA] without a constant) as implemente ...
... analyses accounting for both scan-to-scan and subject-to-subject variability. More precisely, the sets of individual statistical maps corresponding to a specific effect of interest were entered as covariates in multiple regression models (analysis of variance [ANOVA] without a constant) as implemente ...
PDF
... system for addiction-related behaviours has been revealed by studies using mice deleted of NK1 receptors. Morphine, a most addictive substance, no longer appeared rewarding in NK1 knockout mice in the conditioned place preference test and drug self-administration behaviours (Murtra et al., 2000 ; Ri ...
... system for addiction-related behaviours has been revealed by studies using mice deleted of NK1 receptors. Morphine, a most addictive substance, no longer appeared rewarding in NK1 knockout mice in the conditioned place preference test and drug self-administration behaviours (Murtra et al., 2000 ; Ri ...
How Is the Brain Organized?
... with sexual function. Another area was named the red nucleus because it appears reddish in fresh tissue. This name denotes nothing of the area’s potential functions, which turn out to be the control of limb movements. As time went on, the assumptions and tools of brain research changed, but the nami ...
... with sexual function. Another area was named the red nucleus because it appears reddish in fresh tissue. This name denotes nothing of the area’s potential functions, which turn out to be the control of limb movements. As time went on, the assumptions and tools of brain research changed, but the nami ...
Adaptive neural coding: from biological to behavioral decision
... time of decision (which we term spatial context, drawing an analogy between the choice set in decision studies and visual space in sensory studies). Under spatial contextdependence, the relative preference between two given alternatives changes with the quantity or quality (attributes) of other alte ...
... time of decision (which we term spatial context, drawing an analogy between the choice set in decision studies and visual space in sensory studies). Under spatial contextdependence, the relative preference between two given alternatives changes with the quantity or quality (attributes) of other alte ...
Layer-Specific Markers as Probes for Neuron Type Identity in
... cerebral cortex contains 2 main classes of neurons, pyramidal and nonpyramidal neurons, which both encompass multiple distinct types. Pyramidal neurons are the more abundant class, accounting for 75% to 85% of cortical neurons, whereas nonpyramidal neurons account for 15% to 25% (34, 35). Neurons of ...
... cerebral cortex contains 2 main classes of neurons, pyramidal and nonpyramidal neurons, which both encompass multiple distinct types. Pyramidal neurons are the more abundant class, accounting for 75% to 85% of cortical neurons, whereas nonpyramidal neurons account for 15% to 25% (34, 35). Neurons of ...
The Neuroscience of Spontaneous Thought: An Evolving
... during periods of rest. Despite the efforts of these groups, many subsequent studies assumed the default network and the resting state reflected an idle state with little contribution to active forms of cognition. This assumption was perhaps most apparent throughout the literature on rs-fcMRI, a te ...
... during periods of rest. Despite the efforts of these groups, many subsequent studies assumed the default network and the resting state reflected an idle state with little contribution to active forms of cognition. This assumption was perhaps most apparent throughout the literature on rs-fcMRI, a te ...
FROM MOTIVATION TO ACTION - The University of Texas at Dallas
... The function of the motor system is to organize and coordinate the activities of individual muscles to generate sequences of movements that are integrated into behavioral responses appropriate to the environment. The integrative activities of the motor system are complex, involving the cerebral cort ...
... The function of the motor system is to organize and coordinate the activities of individual muscles to generate sequences of movements that are integrated into behavioral responses appropriate to the environment. The integrative activities of the motor system are complex, involving the cerebral cort ...
How We Know It Hurts: Item Analysis of Written - Saxelab
... For regions of interest analyses, a set of ROIs was generated from a separate study in which participants directly viewed another person experiencing a painful and unpleasant electrical shock in real time. In this ‘‘Pain Localizer’’ study, participants in the scanner directly observed a confederate’ ...
... For regions of interest analyses, a set of ROIs was generated from a separate study in which participants directly viewed another person experiencing a painful and unpleasant electrical shock in real time. In this ‘‘Pain Localizer’’ study, participants in the scanner directly observed a confederate’ ...
Memory consolidation, retrograde amnesia, and the temporal lobe
... amnesia with acute or subacute onset, because assessment of the extent of RA is difficult when the onset of amnesia is unknown, as it often is in degenerative disorders and Korsakoffs syndrome. Finally, we included only those cases which have appeared in the past 20 years, with the exception of case ...
... amnesia with acute or subacute onset, because assessment of the extent of RA is difficult when the onset of amnesia is unknown, as it often is in degenerative disorders and Korsakoffs syndrome. Finally, we included only those cases which have appeared in the past 20 years, with the exception of case ...
The impact of continuity editing in narrative film on event segmentation
... By stimulus-driven increases, we mean additional neural activity induced by the presentation of novel information. In the visual system, presentation of novel stimulus features is associated with dishabituation of the relevant neurons and therefore transient increases in fMRI signal. This can be obs ...
... By stimulus-driven increases, we mean additional neural activity induced by the presentation of novel information. In the visual system, presentation of novel stimulus features is associated with dishabituation of the relevant neurons and therefore transient increases in fMRI signal. This can be obs ...
Physiological origins and functional correlates of EEG rhythmic
... rhythms. We shall call this the "independent frequency generator model." Recent neurophysiological evidence, however, suggests an alternative explanation for these frequency changes. Both Steriade, Dossi, and Nunez (1991) and McCormick and Huguenard (1992) found that the frequency of membrane potent ...
... rhythms. We shall call this the "independent frequency generator model." Recent neurophysiological evidence, however, suggests an alternative explanation for these frequency changes. Both Steriade, Dossi, and Nunez (1991) and McCormick and Huguenard (1992) found that the frequency of membrane potent ...
Specificity in Inhibitory Systems Associated with Prefrontal Pathways to
... Axons from area 10 targeted CB and PV inhibitory neurons, whereas axons from area 32 targeted PV inhibitory neurons. The preferential association of the 2 prefrontal pathways with distinct classes of inhibitory neurons at their origin and termination may reflect the specialization of area 10 in work ...
... Axons from area 10 targeted CB and PV inhibitory neurons, whereas axons from area 32 targeted PV inhibitory neurons. The preferential association of the 2 prefrontal pathways with distinct classes of inhibitory neurons at their origin and termination may reflect the specialization of area 10 in work ...
Neural and Computational Mechanisms of Action Processing
... would not give precise information about the intrinsic components of the observed action which are critical for understanding what the action is about, what is its goal, and how to reproduce it”. This implies that perception of actions without motor involvement is in some sense incomplete. Others ha ...
... would not give precise information about the intrinsic components of the observed action which are critical for understanding what the action is about, what is its goal, and how to reproduce it”. This implies that perception of actions without motor involvement is in some sense incomplete. Others ha ...
Identification of a Functional Connectome for Long
... Memory retrieval is thought to involve the coordinated activation of multiple regions of the brain, rather than localized activity in a specific region. In order to visualize networks of brain regions activated by recall of a fear memory in mice, we quantified expression of an activityregulated gene ...
... Memory retrieval is thought to involve the coordinated activation of multiple regions of the brain, rather than localized activity in a specific region. In order to visualize networks of brain regions activated by recall of a fear memory in mice, we quantified expression of an activityregulated gene ...
Technology Insight: noninvasive brain stimulation in neurology
... whereas an enlargement of the primary motor cortex area for the hand, as defined by TMS,39,40 correlates with better motor outcome. Studies in animals41 and humans42 have described a shift in sensorimotor cortex activation from bilateral to stroke-affected hemisphere in association with poststroke r ...
... whereas an enlargement of the primary motor cortex area for the hand, as defined by TMS,39,40 correlates with better motor outcome. Studies in animals41 and humans42 have described a shift in sensorimotor cortex activation from bilateral to stroke-affected hemisphere in association with poststroke r ...
Role of the basal ganglia in conditional associative learning
... In the typical course of daily events, we make a variety of body movements on the basis of what we sense in our environment. Often, we gaze at an object present in our peripersonnal space (e.g. a cup of coffee), attend to its features and place, reach toward it, and grasp it. Such movements were ter ...
... In the typical course of daily events, we make a variety of body movements on the basis of what we sense in our environment. Often, we gaze at an object present in our peripersonnal space (e.g. a cup of coffee), attend to its features and place, reach toward it, and grasp it. Such movements were ter ...
Models of bodily expression perception
... Depending on whether the stimulus is consciously seen and recognized, some of these processes may be associated with a conscious emotional experience. These are some of the main components of the ability to perceive bodily expressions. Based on results obtained so far, we have viewed them as the cor ...
... Depending on whether the stimulus is consciously seen and recognized, some of these processes may be associated with a conscious emotional experience. These are some of the main components of the ability to perceive bodily expressions. Based on results obtained so far, we have viewed them as the cor ...
Revised_BJP_MS_
... evidence from in vitro studies indicates that 2-AG induces suppressive effects on immune function by reducing inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, IL-2 and TNF-α and mediators such as nitric oxide and prostaglandins (Chang et al., 2001; Facchinetti et al., 2003; Gallily et al., 2000; Raman et al., 2 ...
... evidence from in vitro studies indicates that 2-AG induces suppressive effects on immune function by reducing inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, IL-2 and TNF-α and mediators such as nitric oxide and prostaglandins (Chang et al., 2001; Facchinetti et al., 2003; Gallily et al., 2000; Raman et al., 2 ...
Nonlinear brain dynamics as macroscopic manifestation of
... amplitude (AM) and phase modulations (PM) of carrier waves that repeatedly re-synchronize in the beta and gamma ranges in very short time lags over very long distances. The dominant mechanism for neural interactions by axodendritic synaptic transmission should impose distancedependent delays on the ...
... amplitude (AM) and phase modulations (PM) of carrier waves that repeatedly re-synchronize in the beta and gamma ranges in very short time lags over very long distances. The dominant mechanism for neural interactions by axodendritic synaptic transmission should impose distancedependent delays on the ...
Olfaction in Invertebrates: Manduca. In: Squire LR (ed). Encyclopedia of Neuroscience, vol 7, pp 49-57. Oxford: Academic Press.
... technique: first, whether odor representation is conserved within the species, and second, whether the activity pattern elicited by an odor is sufficient to predict the odor stimulus. The combinatorial pattern of glomerular activity is indeed highly conserved between individuals, indicating a tight ...
... technique: first, whether odor representation is conserved within the species, and second, whether the activity pattern elicited by an odor is sufficient to predict the odor stimulus. The combinatorial pattern of glomerular activity is indeed highly conserved between individuals, indicating a tight ...
An investigation of brain processes supporting meditation
... 98). In this sense, the state Patanjali describes as ‘‘concentration’’ does not differ from the state that Lutz et al. (2008, p. 164) refers to as ‘‘the ‘effortless’ sustaining of an awareness without explicit selection’’, and in both cases this is synonymous with ‘‘meditation’’. It may thus be argu ...
... 98). In this sense, the state Patanjali describes as ‘‘concentration’’ does not differ from the state that Lutz et al. (2008, p. 164) refers to as ‘‘the ‘effortless’ sustaining of an awareness without explicit selection’’, and in both cases this is synonymous with ‘‘meditation’’. It may thus be argu ...