Neural effects of positive and negative incentives during marijuana
... non-drug (i.e., money) rewards in marijuana users. Using the monetary incentive delay (MID) task to determine reward processes for monetary rewards in marijuana users, Nestor et al. (2010) reported that greater VS response also underlies anticipation of a possible monetary gain. However, sensitivity ...
... non-drug (i.e., money) rewards in marijuana users. Using the monetary incentive delay (MID) task to determine reward processes for monetary rewards in marijuana users, Nestor et al. (2010) reported that greater VS response also underlies anticipation of a possible monetary gain. However, sensitivity ...
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... human consciousness that emphasizes the importance of frontal and parietal neural networks in the active search for patterns or chunks in stimulus displays, a process akin to Bartlett’s concept of “effort after meaning.” A core observation comes from working memory tasks in which participants are ab ...
... human consciousness that emphasizes the importance of frontal and parietal neural networks in the active search for patterns or chunks in stimulus displays, a process akin to Bartlett’s concept of “effort after meaning.” A core observation comes from working memory tasks in which participants are ab ...
Encoding and Retrieval of Episodic Memories: Role of Hippocampus
... more abstract models of the performance of human subjects in free recall and recognition (Metcalfe and Murdock 1981; Gillund and Shiffrin, 1984; Chappell and Humphreys, 1994). At the same time, as described below, this model is closely related to many previous theories of the function of individual ...
... more abstract models of the performance of human subjects in free recall and recognition (Metcalfe and Murdock 1981; Gillund and Shiffrin, 1984; Chappell and Humphreys, 1994). At the same time, as described below, this model is closely related to many previous theories of the function of individual ...
The Three Amnesias - University of Florida College of Public Health
... As indicated above, the amnesic syndrome can result from focal damage to the medial temporal lobes, the medial thalamus, or the basal forebrain. Anatomic, physiologic and behavioral studies in nonhuman primates have suggested why these regions may be important for memory. An understanding of the und ...
... As indicated above, the amnesic syndrome can result from focal damage to the medial temporal lobes, the medial thalamus, or the basal forebrain. Anatomic, physiologic and behavioral studies in nonhuman primates have suggested why these regions may be important for memory. An understanding of the und ...
The Cognitive Neuroscience of Human Memory Since H.M.
... disorders, Ribot (1881) considered amnesias due to neurological injury together with amnesias due to psychological trauma. And he viewed aphasia and agnosia as disorders of memory, wherein (in aphasia, for example) patients have lost their memory for words or memory for the movements needed to produ ...
... disorders, Ribot (1881) considered amnesias due to neurological injury together with amnesias due to psychological trauma. And he viewed aphasia and agnosia as disorders of memory, wherein (in aphasia, for example) patients have lost their memory for words or memory for the movements needed to produ ...
Anatomical organization of the eye fields in the human and non
... 1890). Finally, the human homolog of the monkey CEF is not known. Because of the lack of studies examining the human CEF, it cannot be excluded that the region of increased activity on the medial surface of the frontal lobe that Grosbras et al. (1999) reported in relation to oculomotor performance m ...
... 1890). Finally, the human homolog of the monkey CEF is not known. Because of the lack of studies examining the human CEF, it cannot be excluded that the region of increased activity on the medial surface of the frontal lobe that Grosbras et al. (1999) reported in relation to oculomotor performance m ...
Brain stem representation of thermal and psychogenic sweating in
... were also associated with activations in this region, consistent with the view that cortical neurons in that region may ultimately drive psychogenic sweating, perhaps as part of a more general autonomic activation (7). A separate functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study by the same group s ...
... were also associated with activations in this region, consistent with the view that cortical neurons in that region may ultimately drive psychogenic sweating, perhaps as part of a more general autonomic activation (7). A separate functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study by the same group s ...
Preview as PDF - Pearson Higher Education
... Neurons make up a large part of the brain, but they are not the only cells that affect our thinking, learning, memory, perception, and all of the other facets of life that make us who we are. The other primary cells are called glia, or glial cells, which serve a variety of functions. While historica ...
... Neurons make up a large part of the brain, but they are not the only cells that affect our thinking, learning, memory, perception, and all of the other facets of life that make us who we are. The other primary cells are called glia, or glial cells, which serve a variety of functions. While historica ...
PT 311 NEUROSCIENCE
... fibers should now be appreciated. Many of the axons entering or leaving the cortex do not assemble into compact bundles, except in the vicinity of the thalamus and the basal ganglia, where they form a structure known as the internal capsule. The internal capsule lies just lateral to the diencephalon ...
... fibers should now be appreciated. Many of the axons entering or leaving the cortex do not assemble into compact bundles, except in the vicinity of the thalamus and the basal ganglia, where they form a structure known as the internal capsule. The internal capsule lies just lateral to the diencephalon ...
The neural representation of plural discourse entities
... (Barker, 1992; Moxey et al., 2004; Moxey et al., 2011). In an eyetracking study, Patson and Ferreira (2009) found that participants’ parsing strategies of sentences with reciprocal verbs (e.g., wrestle) were affected by the type of plural NP in the preceding sentence (i.e., conjoined NPs: the traine ...
... (Barker, 1992; Moxey et al., 2004; Moxey et al., 2011). In an eyetracking study, Patson and Ferreira (2009) found that participants’ parsing strategies of sentences with reciprocal verbs (e.g., wrestle) were affected by the type of plural NP in the preceding sentence (i.e., conjoined NPs: the traine ...
How do you feel -- now? The anterior insula and
... studies of ‘mental timekeeping’ and interval estimation across the range of seconds to sub-seconds, but little explanation has been given for this activity (e.g., Ref. 33). In a recent report, task difficulty was manipulated in order to isolate time estimation from other task-related cognitive deman ...
... studies of ‘mental timekeeping’ and interval estimation across the range of seconds to sub-seconds, but little explanation has been given for this activity (e.g., Ref. 33). In a recent report, task difficulty was manipulated in order to isolate time estimation from other task-related cognitive deman ...
in search of memory traces
... and memory and determine the memory traces involved. In order to do this it is first necessary to find where in the brain the memories are stored, the classical problem of localization. Because learning involves changes in behavior as a result of exposure to stimuli that do not change, there must be ...
... and memory and determine the memory traces involved. In order to do this it is first necessary to find where in the brain the memories are stored, the classical problem of localization. Because learning involves changes in behavior as a result of exposure to stimuli that do not change, there must be ...
Confabulation: Damage to a specific inferior medial prefrontal system
... had damage to the prefrontal cortex. They found no evidence of lateralisation, with confabulation occurring following both left and right unilateral and bilateral frontal lesions, but reported that the most common sites of damage were the orbitofrontal and ventromedial aspects of the frontal lobe. S ...
... had damage to the prefrontal cortex. They found no evidence of lateralisation, with confabulation occurring following both left and right unilateral and bilateral frontal lesions, but reported that the most common sites of damage were the orbitofrontal and ventromedial aspects of the frontal lobe. S ...
The Structure of Spatial Receptive Fields of Neurons in Primary
... elevations below 2368 (Musicant et al., 1990) and thus were not represented in our VAS. Typically, VAS was represented by an array of 1650 waveform pairs spaced at 4.5 or 98 intervals; at each direction the pair of signals, appropriate for the left and right ears, was simulated digitally. Signal int ...
... elevations below 2368 (Musicant et al., 1990) and thus were not represented in our VAS. Typically, VAS was represented by an array of 1650 waveform pairs spaced at 4.5 or 98 intervals; at each direction the pair of signals, appropriate for the left and right ears, was simulated digitally. Signal int ...
Neural Effects of Positive and Negative Incentives during
... non-drug (i.e., money) rewards in marijuana users. Using the monetary incentive delay (MID) task to determine reward processes for monetary rewards in marijuana users, Nestor et al. (2010) reported that greater VS response also underlies anticipation of a possible monetary gain. However, sensitivity ...
... non-drug (i.e., money) rewards in marijuana users. Using the monetary incentive delay (MID) task to determine reward processes for monetary rewards in marijuana users, Nestor et al. (2010) reported that greater VS response also underlies anticipation of a possible monetary gain. However, sensitivity ...
The Cognitive Neuroscience of Human Memory Since H.M.
... disorders, Ribot (1881) considered amnesias due to neurological injury together with amnesias due to psychological trauma. And he viewed aphasia and agnosia as disorders of memory, wherein (in aphasia, for example) patients have lost their memory for words or memory for the movements needed to produ ...
... disorders, Ribot (1881) considered amnesias due to neurological injury together with amnesias due to psychological trauma. And he viewed aphasia and agnosia as disorders of memory, wherein (in aphasia, for example) patients have lost their memory for words or memory for the movements needed to produ ...
During Arm-Reaching and Isometric-Force Tasks
... the activity of many M1 neurons was modulated both by the direction in which the arm was pulled by the external forces and by the direction of movement and the static posture of the arm during unloaded arm movements. Furthermore, the directionality of arm movement– dependent and load-dependent respo ...
... the activity of many M1 neurons was modulated both by the direction in which the arm was pulled by the external forces and by the direction of movement and the static posture of the arm during unloaded arm movements. Furthermore, the directionality of arm movement– dependent and load-dependent respo ...
Consciousness, biology and quantum hypotheses
... It only becomes conscious via vision and the body senses. The vestibular sense is therefore quite different from visual perception, which “reports” accurately to a conscious field of experience, so that we can point accurately to a bright star on a dark night. Vestibular input is also precise but un ...
... It only becomes conscious via vision and the body senses. The vestibular sense is therefore quite different from visual perception, which “reports” accurately to a conscious field of experience, so that we can point accurately to a bright star on a dark night. Vestibular input is also precise but un ...
The representation of Kanizsa illusory contours in the monkey
... be removed from stimuli, revealing how the change affects recognition and neural processing. An extreme reduction is the removal of the very stimulus, defining it with illusory lines. Perceived boundaries without physical differences between shape and background are called illusory (or subjective) c ...
... be removed from stimuli, revealing how the change affects recognition and neural processing. An extreme reduction is the removal of the very stimulus, defining it with illusory lines. Perceived boundaries without physical differences between shape and background are called illusory (or subjective) c ...
Virtual dissection and comparative connectivity of the superior
... of fronto-temporal connections (see the Comparison to previous studies section for a more extensive discussion of terminology). Studies in humans (Makris et al., 2005; Thiebaut de Schotten et al., 2011a) and macaques (Petrides and Pandya, 1984, 2002; Schmahmann et al., 2007; Thiebaut de Schotten et ...
... of fronto-temporal connections (see the Comparison to previous studies section for a more extensive discussion of terminology). Studies in humans (Makris et al., 2005; Thiebaut de Schotten et al., 2011a) and macaques (Petrides and Pandya, 1984, 2002; Schmahmann et al., 2007; Thiebaut de Schotten et ...
A Weighted and Directed Interareal Connectivity
... distribution of retrogradely labeled neurons from selected injections in the macaque parietal cortex (Lewis and Van Essen 2000) was converted into maps of labeled neuronal density (Van Essen et al. 2005), but not into quantitative estimates of interareal connection weights. Likewise, there has been ...
... distribution of retrogradely labeled neurons from selected injections in the macaque parietal cortex (Lewis and Van Essen 2000) was converted into maps of labeled neuronal density (Van Essen et al. 2005), but not into quantitative estimates of interareal connection weights. Likewise, there has been ...
The neural basis of moral cognition
... have revealed consistent involvement of the anterior prefrontal cortex (aPFC) and superior temporal sulcus (STS) region, as well as the anterior temporal lobes (aTL) and limbic structures. Panels a–e depict a transverse slice showing the activation of the aPFC (frontopolar cortex, Brodmann’s areas 9 ...
... have revealed consistent involvement of the anterior prefrontal cortex (aPFC) and superior temporal sulcus (STS) region, as well as the anterior temporal lobes (aTL) and limbic structures. Panels a–e depict a transverse slice showing the activation of the aPFC (frontopolar cortex, Brodmann’s areas 9 ...
The Neuroscientist
... Online statistical analyses can be performed not only using univariate methods such as t-tests and correlation analysis (Voyvodic 1999), the general linear model (GLM), and multiple regression (Voyvodic 1999; Smyser and others 2001; Bagarinao and others 2003; Weiskopf and others 2004) but also with ...
... Online statistical analyses can be performed not only using univariate methods such as t-tests and correlation analysis (Voyvodic 1999), the general linear model (GLM), and multiple regression (Voyvodic 1999; Smyser and others 2001; Bagarinao and others 2003; Weiskopf and others 2004) but also with ...
The Representation of Biological Classes in the Human Brain
... neuroimaging and mathematical computing, especially PyMVPA (http://www.pymvpa.org) (Hanke et al., 2009), NumPy (http://numpy. scipy.org), and SciPy (http://www.scipy.org). Pattern classification. We tested the discriminability of patterns for the six animal species using linear support vector machin ...
... neuroimaging and mathematical computing, especially PyMVPA (http://www.pymvpa.org) (Hanke et al., 2009), NumPy (http://numpy. scipy.org), and SciPy (http://www.scipy.org). Pattern classification. We tested the discriminability of patterns for the six animal species using linear support vector machin ...
The Value of the Examination of Visuooculomotor Reflexes in
... Keller [13] suggested that damaged vermis disturbs both saccadic and eye-tracking movements. These two pathological visuooculomotor reactions can be present not only in cerebellar but in brainstem deficits [14]. ...
... Keller [13] suggested that damaged vermis disturbs both saccadic and eye-tracking movements. These two pathological visuooculomotor reactions can be present not only in cerebellar but in brainstem deficits [14]. ...