Chapter 3—The Brain and Behavior
... The midbrain is involved in the relay of information between the brain and the hindbrain and forebrain. A midbrain structure called the reticular formation is involved in stereotyped patterns of behavior. The highest region of the brain is called the forebrain. A forebrain structure that plays impo ...
... The midbrain is involved in the relay of information between the brain and the hindbrain and forebrain. A midbrain structure called the reticular formation is involved in stereotyped patterns of behavior. The highest region of the brain is called the forebrain. A forebrain structure that plays impo ...
Chapter 3—The Brain and Behavior
... Neural networks integrate sensory information and motor instructions from the brain. The two main parts of the nervous system are the central nervous system and the autonomic nervous system. The parasympathetic nervous system consists of the brain and the spinal cord. The somatic nervous system cons ...
... Neural networks integrate sensory information and motor instructions from the brain. The two main parts of the nervous system are the central nervous system and the autonomic nervous system. The parasympathetic nervous system consists of the brain and the spinal cord. The somatic nervous system cons ...
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... (DNs) to any Finite Automaton (FA), a “commondenominator” model of all practical Symbolic Networks (SNs). From this FA, we can see what is meant by “abstraction”. This mapping explains why such a new class of neural networks abstract at least as well as the corresponding SNs. This seems to indicate ...
... (DNs) to any Finite Automaton (FA), a “commondenominator” model of all practical Symbolic Networks (SNs). From this FA, we can see what is meant by “abstraction”. This mapping explains why such a new class of neural networks abstract at least as well as the corresponding SNs. This seems to indicate ...
Basic principles of attention and decision
... • Do not mistake with the ‘where’ (old) pathway: SC and pulvinar • Parietal cortex represents potential targets to reach with respect to body, and is involved in motor control (see Ramachandran, Balint’s syndrom) • Lateral Intraparietal cortex (LIP): highest-order area in the visual hierarchy of t ...
... • Do not mistake with the ‘where’ (old) pathway: SC and pulvinar • Parietal cortex represents potential targets to reach with respect to body, and is involved in motor control (see Ramachandran, Balint’s syndrom) • Lateral Intraparietal cortex (LIP): highest-order area in the visual hierarchy of t ...
consciousness as an afterthought
... For comprehensive reports on studies of animal minds see (6 – 9). Some invertebrates with brain structures very different from ours (e.g., octopuses) show high intelligence by tests we accept as suitable for the purpose, and in many invertebrates there is more there than simple stimulus-response, in ...
... For comprehensive reports on studies of animal minds see (6 – 9). Some invertebrates with brain structures very different from ours (e.g., octopuses) show high intelligence by tests we accept as suitable for the purpose, and in many invertebrates there is more there than simple stimulus-response, in ...
remembering familiar people: the posterior cingulate cortex and
... AbstractöMost functional imaging studies of memory retrieval investigate memory for standardized laboratory stimuli. However, naturally acquired autobiographical memories di¡er from memories of standardized stimuli in important ways. Neuroimaging studies of natural memories may reveal distinctive pa ...
... AbstractöMost functional imaging studies of memory retrieval investigate memory for standardized laboratory stimuli. However, naturally acquired autobiographical memories di¡er from memories of standardized stimuli in important ways. Neuroimaging studies of natural memories may reveal distinctive pa ...
8 pages - Science for Monks
... person who knows they are dreaming —or, if not, when they wake they are able to narrate their dream sequence by sequence. So what happens during sleep? There are no external stimuli. The brain is by itself with its own intrinsic activity, and this intrinsic activity is largely dependent on how my ne ...
... person who knows they are dreaming —or, if not, when they wake they are able to narrate their dream sequence by sequence. So what happens during sleep? There are no external stimuli. The brain is by itself with its own intrinsic activity, and this intrinsic activity is largely dependent on how my ne ...
KliperEtAl CIP2010
... Motivated by the view that different neurons impose different partitions of stimulus space which are not necessarily simply related to the simple feature structure of the stimuli [12], we attempt instead to learn the structure of the stimulus space by learning a distance function. Specifically, we c ...
... Motivated by the view that different neurons impose different partitions of stimulus space which are not necessarily simply related to the simple feature structure of the stimuli [12], we attempt instead to learn the structure of the stimulus space by learning a distance function. Specifically, we c ...
Neuropsychologia fMRI evidence for strategic decision
... a very small number of words that are easy to retrieve because they are highly frequent and can be used in most circumstances while minimizing the resources required to repeat a much less frequent noun phrase that is useful in a very limited number of circumstances. Finally, game theory provides a u ...
... a very small number of words that are easy to retrieve because they are highly frequent and can be used in most circumstances while minimizing the resources required to repeat a much less frequent noun phrase that is useful in a very limited number of circumstances. Finally, game theory provides a u ...
The amygdala, a part of the brain known for its role in fear, also
... its fear job, researchers are now vigorously gathering evidence about how the amygdala evaluates information and events for their reward potential. Recent studies offer clues to how the amygdala assigns value to rewards and adjusts that value as circumstances change. Other work provides insights int ...
... its fear job, researchers are now vigorously gathering evidence about how the amygdala evaluates information and events for their reward potential. Recent studies offer clues to how the amygdala assigns value to rewards and adjusts that value as circumstances change. Other work provides insights int ...
new insights into the functions of the superior temporal cortex
... received a lesion at one location only. In all other animals in which Watson et al.2 made STS lesions, ablation was added to pre-existing brain lesions (of inferior parietal cortex in two cases, and of frontal cortex and corpus callosum in the third). One of these monkeys (the one with frontal and c ...
... received a lesion at one location only. In all other animals in which Watson et al.2 made STS lesions, ablation was added to pre-existing brain lesions (of inferior parietal cortex in two cases, and of frontal cortex and corpus callosum in the third). One of these monkeys (the one with frontal and c ...
Prefrontal Cortex, Emotion, and Approach/Withdrawal Motivation
... involved in a system facilitating approach behavior to appetitive stimuli, whereas the right PFC is involved in a system facilitating withdrawal behavior from aversive stimuli. To explain prefrontal asymmetries for valenced emotional processing, this model assumes that processing related to emotiona ...
... involved in a system facilitating approach behavior to appetitive stimuli, whereas the right PFC is involved in a system facilitating withdrawal behavior from aversive stimuli. To explain prefrontal asymmetries for valenced emotional processing, this model assumes that processing related to emotiona ...
Voltage-Sensitive Dye Imaging: Technique review and Models
... glial cells have important functions (see Cameron and Rakic (1991) for a review) and they contribute to the VSD signal. Glial cells are known as the ’supporting cells” of the CNS and are estimated to outnumber neurons by as much as 50 to 1. However, their role in information representation or proces ...
... glial cells have important functions (see Cameron and Rakic (1991) for a review) and they contribute to the VSD signal. Glial cells are known as the ’supporting cells” of the CNS and are estimated to outnumber neurons by as much as 50 to 1. However, their role in information representation or proces ...
PPT
... • Symbolic AI is well-suited for representing explicit knowledge that can be appropriately formalized. • However, learning in biological systems is mostly implicit – it is an adaptation process based on uncertain information and reasoning. • ANNs are inherently parallel and work extremely efficientl ...
... • Symbolic AI is well-suited for representing explicit knowledge that can be appropriately formalized. • However, learning in biological systems is mostly implicit – it is an adaptation process based on uncertain information and reasoning. • ANNs are inherently parallel and work extremely efficientl ...
Intention, Action Planning, and Decision Making in Parietal
... the dorsal premotor cortex (PMd), and other areas within the PPC, such as area 5. In the final section, we will show examples of ‘‘proof of concept’’ in which the action-related activity in the PPC and PMd cortex can be decoded and used to provide control signals for neural prosthetic applications. ...
... the dorsal premotor cortex (PMd), and other areas within the PPC, such as area 5. In the final section, we will show examples of ‘‘proof of concept’’ in which the action-related activity in the PPC and PMd cortex can be decoded and used to provide control signals for neural prosthetic applications. ...
Validation of In Vivo Mouse Brain Fiber Tracking
... probabilistic FT in wild type mice are exemplified in the Figure 1 (A, C, D). The fibers from the VPM are crossing the internal capsule (red arrow, Fig. 1A), they run tangentially at the interface of the cortex with the subcortical white matter and ascend to rich the target fields more superficially ...
... probabilistic FT in wild type mice are exemplified in the Figure 1 (A, C, D). The fibers from the VPM are crossing the internal capsule (red arrow, Fig. 1A), they run tangentially at the interface of the cortex with the subcortical white matter and ascend to rich the target fields more superficially ...
(Figure 4B) in 12 month old Cln5-/- mice. To survey effects on glial
... nature of the NCLs. Consistent with a mouse model of JNCL (Cln3 null mutant), Cln5-/- mice display a profound loss of sensory relay thalamic neurons, yet no loss of their target neurons in lamina IV of somatosensory cortex. Our preliminary data suggest that this vulnerability of thalamic neurons is ...
... nature of the NCLs. Consistent with a mouse model of JNCL (Cln3 null mutant), Cln5-/- mice display a profound loss of sensory relay thalamic neurons, yet no loss of their target neurons in lamina IV of somatosensory cortex. Our preliminary data suggest that this vulnerability of thalamic neurons is ...
Learning receptive fields using predictive feedback
... and the next neuron is chosen by again determining which of the remaining V1 basis vectors best predicts this residual input. In a neural network, the subtractive process is carried out using feedback connections, so that at each iteration of the algorithm the residual input is described by the acti ...
... and the next neuron is chosen by again determining which of the remaining V1 basis vectors best predicts this residual input. In a neural network, the subtractive process is carried out using feedback connections, so that at each iteration of the algorithm the residual input is described by the acti ...
Network structure underlying resolution of conflicting non
... Based on the network topology based on the PPI analysis, we calculated degree centrality (i.e. the number of significantly enhanced PPIs) for all the related regions (Sporns et al., 2007; Bullmore and Sporns, 2009; Zuo et al., 2012), and identified resolution-type–specific hub regions and the resolu ...
... Based on the network topology based on the PPI analysis, we calculated degree centrality (i.e. the number of significantly enhanced PPIs) for all the related regions (Sporns et al., 2007; Bullmore and Sporns, 2009; Zuo et al., 2012), and identified resolution-type–specific hub regions and the resolu ...
Document
... Visceral Sensory Area – Located in the Insula – this cortex is involved in conscious awareness of a full bladder or upset stomach, etc. Vestibular Cortex – difficult to pin down its location – quite diffuse location but appears to be in posterior part to the insula – involved in conscious awareness ...
... Visceral Sensory Area – Located in the Insula – this cortex is involved in conscious awareness of a full bladder or upset stomach, etc. Vestibular Cortex – difficult to pin down its location – quite diffuse location but appears to be in posterior part to the insula – involved in conscious awareness ...
Task-induced brain activity in aphasic stroke
... It is claimed that one-third of all stroke patients have an aphasic deficit as part of their presenting symptoms (Laska et al., 2001; Pedersen et al., 2004; Lazar et al., 2008). Although half of these patients recover much or all of their language function, the remainder are left with a persisting a ...
... It is claimed that one-third of all stroke patients have an aphasic deficit as part of their presenting symptoms (Laska et al., 2001; Pedersen et al., 2004; Lazar et al., 2008). Although half of these patients recover much or all of their language function, the remainder are left with a persisting a ...
The Graded Motor Imagery Handbook, 2012
... Left/Right discrimination testing: signs of cortical representation ...
... Left/Right discrimination testing: signs of cortical representation ...
Projections from the superior temporal sulcus to the agranular frontal
... dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (Seltzer & Pandya, 1989). Present data indicate that STP out¯ow has also a direct access to area F6 and the SEF. Area F6 (pre-SMA) is a rostral premotor area mainly concerned with the control of arm movements. Functional properties of F6 suggest that this area plays a ...
... dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (Seltzer & Pandya, 1989). Present data indicate that STP out¯ow has also a direct access to area F6 and the SEF. Area F6 (pre-SMA) is a rostral premotor area mainly concerned with the control of arm movements. Functional properties of F6 suggest that this area plays a ...
The Nervous System
... the understanding of the structure and function of the nervous system, and to the understanding of biological, psychological and social factors that influence learning and memory. Use these tables as checklists when revising. Tick off each dot point when you are satisfied that you have thoroughly co ...
... the understanding of the structure and function of the nervous system, and to the understanding of biological, psychological and social factors that influence learning and memory. Use these tables as checklists when revising. Tick off each dot point when you are satisfied that you have thoroughly co ...
The neural mechanisms of perceptual filling-in
... as filling-in at an artificial scotoma, but I regard this term as being too general and potentially confusing, so here I refer to it as texture filling-in. This type of filling-in does not happen instantaneously; it usually takes several seconds or longer for filling-in to occur. Eye movements break ...
... as filling-in at an artificial scotoma, but I regard this term as being too general and potentially confusing, so here I refer to it as texture filling-in. This type of filling-in does not happen instantaneously; it usually takes several seconds or longer for filling-in to occur. Eye movements break ...
Neuroesthetics
Neuroesthetics (or neuroaesthetics) is a relatively recent sub-discipline of empirical aesthetics. Empirical aesthetics takes a scientific approach to the study of aesthetic perceptions of art and music. Neuroesthetics received its formal definition in 2002 as the scientific study of the neural bases for the contemplation and creation of a work of art. Neuroesthetics uses neuroscience to explain and understand the aesthetic experiences at the neurological level. The topic attracts scholars from many disciplines including neuroscientists, art historians, artists, and psychologists.