choosing the greater of two goods: neural currencies for valuation
... identified sensory representations as well as decisionrelated signals in areas of the parietal and frontal cortices. At the neural level, differentiating sensory signals from decision-related signals is relatively straightforward. First, sensory signals require the presence of the sensory stimulus, ...
... identified sensory representations as well as decisionrelated signals in areas of the parietal and frontal cortices. At the neural level, differentiating sensory signals from decision-related signals is relatively straightforward. First, sensory signals require the presence of the sensory stimulus, ...
An ancestral axial twist explains the contralateral forebrain and the
... As we will see below (section 4) all extant and fossil vertebrates possess an optic chiasm. The model is therefore based on the hypothesis that an ancestor of all vertebrates has turned on its left side, by a 90° turn about the body axis (i.e. anti-clockwise from the perspective of the embryo). As t ...
... As we will see below (section 4) all extant and fossil vertebrates possess an optic chiasm. The model is therefore based on the hypothesis that an ancestor of all vertebrates has turned on its left side, by a 90° turn about the body axis (i.e. anti-clockwise from the perspective of the embryo). As t ...
invariant face and object recognition in the visual system
... identity have responses that are relatively invariant with respect to size and contrast (Rolls and Baylis, 1986); spatial frequency (Rolls et al., 1985, Rolls et al., 1987); and retinal translation, i.e. position in the visual field (Tovee et al., 1994; cf earlier work by Gross, 1973, Gross et al., ...
... identity have responses that are relatively invariant with respect to size and contrast (Rolls and Baylis, 1986); spatial frequency (Rolls et al., 1985, Rolls et al., 1987); and retinal translation, i.e. position in the visual field (Tovee et al., 1994; cf earlier work by Gross, 1973, Gross et al., ...
PDF - Stanford University
... films. Investigators using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) have extended this finding by relating moment-to-moment changes in amygdala activation to subsequent recall of emotional stimuli (Canli et al., 2000). Neuroimaging studies have demonstrated reasonably consistent associations bet ...
... films. Investigators using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) have extended this finding by relating moment-to-moment changes in amygdala activation to subsequent recall of emotional stimuli (Canli et al., 2000). Neuroimaging studies have demonstrated reasonably consistent associations bet ...
The Emergence of Selective Attention through - laral
... reporting the observed items. Usually in these experiments the target is defined on the basis of its features, such as the colour or the shape. Subjects’ response is very fast and accurate when the target is defined by a unique feature, producing the so-called ‘pop-out’ effect [5], otherwise the tim ...
... reporting the observed items. Usually in these experiments the target is defined on the basis of its features, such as the colour or the shape. Subjects’ response is very fast and accurate when the target is defined by a unique feature, producing the so-called ‘pop-out’ effect [5], otherwise the tim ...
“Black” Responses Dominate Macaque Primary Visual Cortex
... viewing distance of ⬃114 cm. The basic attributes of each cell were estimated using small drifting sinusoidal gratings surrounded by gray background (both the gratings and the gray background had a mean luminance of 59 cd/m 2). Visual stimuli. We used both sparse noise (Jones and Palmer, 1987) and s ...
... viewing distance of ⬃114 cm. The basic attributes of each cell were estimated using small drifting sinusoidal gratings surrounded by gray background (both the gratings and the gray background had a mean luminance of 59 cd/m 2). Visual stimuli. We used both sparse noise (Jones and Palmer, 1987) and s ...
similar cortical mechanisms for perceptual and motor learning
... to the algorithmic level. Such similarities would simplify the interaction between sensory and motor systems, but have neuroscientists obtained any empirical evidence to support this idea? At one level, sensory and motor systems resemble each other closely: almost all brain areas have neurons with ‘ ...
... to the algorithmic level. Such similarities would simplify the interaction between sensory and motor systems, but have neuroscientists obtained any empirical evidence to support this idea? At one level, sensory and motor systems resemble each other closely: almost all brain areas have neurons with ‘ ...
Cranial Nerves
... – Patients often adopt a characteristic head tilt, away from affected side to reduce their diplopia. Interestingly, some patients develop head tilt toward side of lesion. This so-called paradoxic head tilt is used to create a wider separation of images, which allows the patient to suppress or ignore ...
... – Patients often adopt a characteristic head tilt, away from affected side to reduce their diplopia. Interestingly, some patients develop head tilt toward side of lesion. This so-called paradoxic head tilt is used to create a wider separation of images, which allows the patient to suppress or ignore ...
- D-Scholarship@Pitt
... n onvisual areas of cortex,7,12,13 or by injections of retrogradely transported tracers into the SC in order to label neurons in cortex.14–18 Studies based on injections in the SC allow the magnitudes and visuotopic pattern of projections of different cortical areas to be directly compared, as cort ...
... n onvisual areas of cortex,7,12,13 or by injections of retrogradely transported tracers into the SC in order to label neurons in cortex.14–18 Studies based on injections in the SC allow the magnitudes and visuotopic pattern of projections of different cortical areas to be directly compared, as cort ...
Visual Stimulation Regulates the Expression of Transcription Factors
... becausethe band intensitiesbecamesignificantlyreducedand returned to basallevelsin animalsthat received6 and 24 hr of light stimulation.We confirmedthat the changesin the levelsof the ZIF 268 DNA-binding activities reflected alterations in the levels of functionally active form of the transcriptionf ...
... becausethe band intensitiesbecamesignificantlyreducedand returned to basallevelsin animalsthat received6 and 24 hr of light stimulation.We confirmedthat the changesin the levelsof the ZIF 268 DNA-binding activities reflected alterations in the levels of functionally active form of the transcriptionf ...
“Attention for Action” and “Response Selection” in Primate Anterior
... The isolated unit signals were acquired digitally by the TEMPO system at 1 kHz only during successful trials. This system was also set up to record the horizontal and vertical eye positions, electromyograph (EMG), and other task-related events simultaneously. The EMG (amplified at 50,000fold gain, f ...
... The isolated unit signals were acquired digitally by the TEMPO system at 1 kHz only during successful trials. This system was also set up to record the horizontal and vertical eye positions, electromyograph (EMG), and other task-related events simultaneously. The EMG (amplified at 50,000fold gain, f ...
network - Ohio University
... detection of a given feature – that's what you do in fuzzy logic. Advantages of distributed representation (DR): Larger memory size: images can be represented by combining the activation of many units; n local units = 2n combinations. Similarity: similar images have comparable DR, partly overlap ...
... detection of a given feature – that's what you do in fuzzy logic. Advantages of distributed representation (DR): Larger memory size: images can be represented by combining the activation of many units; n local units = 2n combinations. Similarity: similar images have comparable DR, partly overlap ...
NEUROTRANSMITTER SYSTEMS IN THE VISUAL CORTEX OF
... They found that intracortical chronic infusion of L-Glu during the period of monocular vision in young kittens largely prevents the O.D. shift which normally takes place under these conditions. Glutamate probably disrupts normal cortical activity, either by direct excitatory action on cortical neuro ...
... They found that intracortical chronic infusion of L-Glu during the period of monocular vision in young kittens largely prevents the O.D. shift which normally takes place under these conditions. Glutamate probably disrupts normal cortical activity, either by direct excitatory action on cortical neuro ...
Neural Prostheses - Gert Cauwenberghs
... Neural Prostheses (aka Neural Prosthetics aka Neuroprosthetics) (the art of designing) devices which restore or supplement function of the nervous system lost by disease or injury ...
... Neural Prostheses (aka Neural Prosthetics aka Neuroprosthetics) (the art of designing) devices which restore or supplement function of the nervous system lost by disease or injury ...
Lesson 1 - SEL at Meigs
... Many students like you have said that these were the most interesting and useful things they learned. Believe it or not, the brain has a lot to do with success and we want to show you how to use it. Before we start, do any of you ever think about your brain and how to use it best? Perhaps when ...
... Many students like you have said that these were the most interesting and useful things they learned. Believe it or not, the brain has a lot to do with success and we want to show you how to use it. Before we start, do any of you ever think about your brain and how to use it best? Perhaps when ...
How Does the Brain Develop?
... in the brain are undergoing the necessary maturation. The same reasoning can be applied to frontal-lobe development. As frontal-lobe structures mature in adolescence, we look for related changes in behavior, but we can also do the reverse: because we observe new abilities emerging in the teenage yea ...
... in the brain are undergoing the necessary maturation. The same reasoning can be applied to frontal-lobe development. As frontal-lobe structures mature in adolescence, we look for related changes in behavior, but we can also do the reverse: because we observe new abilities emerging in the teenage yea ...
CEREBRAL CORTEX - Oxford Academic
... provoke a debate, and few would argue that the effects of age on brain structure are uniform and diffuse. What remains unsettled are more complex questions regarding specific patterns of cerebral aging and their underlying mechanisms. It is unclear whether coherent common patterns of localized brain ...
... provoke a debate, and few would argue that the effects of age on brain structure are uniform and diffuse. What remains unsettled are more complex questions regarding specific patterns of cerebral aging and their underlying mechanisms. It is unclear whether coherent common patterns of localized brain ...
lateral horns of gray matter
... involved with olfactory sense • Infundibulum: the stalk leading to the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland • Small but functionally important area of the brain; performs many functions of greatest importance for survival and enjoyment • Links mind and body • Links nervous system to endocrine syste ...
... involved with olfactory sense • Infundibulum: the stalk leading to the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland • Small but functionally important area of the brain; performs many functions of greatest importance for survival and enjoyment • Links mind and body • Links nervous system to endocrine syste ...
REVIEWS - Institute for Applied Psychometrics
... Figure 3 | The pacemaker–accumulator model and dopaminergic and cholinergic synapses. a | Shows an information-processing (IP) model of time perception8 implementing the scalar expectancy theory43. In the model, a dopaminergic pacemaker sends ‘pulses’ to an accumulator during the training period, an ...
... Figure 3 | The pacemaker–accumulator model and dopaminergic and cholinergic synapses. a | Shows an information-processing (IP) model of time perception8 implementing the scalar expectancy theory43. In the model, a dopaminergic pacemaker sends ‘pulses’ to an accumulator during the training period, an ...
Eye movement control by the cerebral cortex
... the SEF resulted in a disruption of the saccade order in a double-step paradigm (comprising a sequence of two successive saccades) [30]. This result may therefore also have been due to the SEF control of saccade sequences. Furthermore, it should be pointed out that in a recent experimental study in ...
... the SEF resulted in a disruption of the saccade order in a double-step paradigm (comprising a sequence of two successive saccades) [30]. This result may therefore also have been due to the SEF control of saccade sequences. Furthermore, it should be pointed out that in a recent experimental study in ...
Feeling others` painful actions: The sensorimotor
... which relevant somatosensory brain regions may support the action understanding task. First, they may simply be involved in coding sensory-tactile qualities of the objects. If this is the case, some regions should show a preference for actions involving noxious objects, irrespective of whether they ...
... which relevant somatosensory brain regions may support the action understanding task. First, they may simply be involved in coding sensory-tactile qualities of the objects. If this is the case, some regions should show a preference for actions involving noxious objects, irrespective of whether they ...
The dual-pathway model of auditory signal
... and parabelt) auditory cortex, respectively. Thus, as summarized by Kaas and Hackett[18], auditory cortical signal processes can be divided into four stages, which occur in the core, belt, parabelt, and targets of parabelt projections, respectively. The formation of the “what” and the formation of “ ...
... and parabelt) auditory cortex, respectively. Thus, as summarized by Kaas and Hackett[18], auditory cortical signal processes can be divided into four stages, which occur in the core, belt, parabelt, and targets of parabelt projections, respectively. The formation of the “what” and the formation of “ ...
Philosophy of Mind and Neuroscience: the Case of Mirror Neurons
... has been overcome, thanks to twenty-one patients treated for epilepsy. Some electrodes have been planted in their brain for medical purposes. During their hospitalization, the researchers told them to perform certain actions, such as grasping objects, or to observe facial expressions. According to t ...
... has been overcome, thanks to twenty-one patients treated for epilepsy. Some electrodes have been planted in their brain for medical purposes. During their hospitalization, the researchers told them to perform certain actions, such as grasping objects, or to observe facial expressions. According to t ...
Neuroesthetics
Neuroesthetics (or neuroaesthetics) is a relatively recent sub-discipline of empirical aesthetics. Empirical aesthetics takes a scientific approach to the study of aesthetic perceptions of art and music. Neuroesthetics received its formal definition in 2002 as the scientific study of the neural bases for the contemplation and creation of a work of art. Neuroesthetics uses neuroscience to explain and understand the aesthetic experiences at the neurological level. The topic attracts scholars from many disciplines including neuroscientists, art historians, artists, and psychologists.