Lec #10_Central Vis - Biology Courses Server
... From Single Neurons to Perception • From Photoreceptors to Grandmother Cells – Grandmother cells: Face-selective neurons in area IT? – Probably not: Perception is not based on the activity of individual, higher order cells • Parallel Processing and Perception – Groups of cortical areas contribute t ...
... From Single Neurons to Perception • From Photoreceptors to Grandmother Cells – Grandmother cells: Face-selective neurons in area IT? – Probably not: Perception is not based on the activity of individual, higher order cells • Parallel Processing and Perception – Groups of cortical areas contribute t ...
Rate versus Temporal Coding Models
... continually on the basis of new information obtained at all levels of inquiry, from the channels responsible for electrical activity in parts of the neuron, up to recordings from intact brains in behaving animals. Therefore, in addition to describing the ideas behind the putative temporal codes, thi ...
... continually on the basis of new information obtained at all levels of inquiry, from the channels responsible for electrical activity in parts of the neuron, up to recordings from intact brains in behaving animals. Therefore, in addition to describing the ideas behind the putative temporal codes, thi ...
Neural Basis of Visually Guided Head Movements Studied With fMRI
... frontal cortex (supplementary eye fields, SEF), in the intraparietal sulcus (parietal eye fields, PEF), in the precuneus, at the junction of occipital and temporal cortex (MT/V5) as well as subcortical areas including basal ganglia, thalamus, and cerebellum. Much less is known about the functional a ...
... frontal cortex (supplementary eye fields, SEF), in the intraparietal sulcus (parietal eye fields, PEF), in the precuneus, at the junction of occipital and temporal cortex (MT/V5) as well as subcortical areas including basal ganglia, thalamus, and cerebellum. Much less is known about the functional a ...
6.Lecture-664 - iLab! - University of Southern California
... The Mirror Neuron System (MNS) Model: We must add recognition of trajectory and hand preshape to recognition of object affordances and ensure that all three are congruent. There are parietal systems other than AIP adapted to this task. ...
... The Mirror Neuron System (MNS) Model: We must add recognition of trajectory and hand preshape to recognition of object affordances and ensure that all three are congruent. There are parietal systems other than AIP adapted to this task. ...
Advanced biomaterial strategies to transplant preformed micro
... neuronal populations, relying only on local plasticity for synaptic integration to form a new functional relay across damaged connections (figure 1). As highlighted in a recent review article, there are several other methods to develop neuronal and axonal constructs, but most are focused on creating ...
... neuronal populations, relying only on local plasticity for synaptic integration to form a new functional relay across damaged connections (figure 1). As highlighted in a recent review article, there are several other methods to develop neuronal and axonal constructs, but most are focused on creating ...
Neural and Computational Mechanisms of Action Processing
... origin of the input that may determine the properties of view-dependent and viewindependent F5 mirror neurons. The second is what might be the functional role of these two types of mirror neurons. The main input to F5 arises from parietal areas PFG and AIP (antero interpatietal area) (see Figure 1). ...
... origin of the input that may determine the properties of view-dependent and viewindependent F5 mirror neurons. The second is what might be the functional role of these two types of mirror neurons. The main input to F5 arises from parietal areas PFG and AIP (antero interpatietal area) (see Figure 1). ...
Superior digit memory of abacus experts
... The present findings are consistent with previous behavioral studies [2,3] and a previous fMRI neuroimaging study in which bilateral activity in the premotor cortex and parietal lobules was observed during mental calculations in abacus experts [13]. It is possible that a spatial representation of nu ...
... The present findings are consistent with previous behavioral studies [2,3] and a previous fMRI neuroimaging study in which bilateral activity in the premotor cortex and parietal lobules was observed during mental calculations in abacus experts [13]. It is possible that a spatial representation of nu ...
Somatic regions Limbic These functionally distinct
... 5) At the base of the midbrain (ventral side) one finds a fiber bundle that shows great differences in relative size in different species. Give examples. What are the fibers called and where do they originate? 8) A decussating group of axons called the brachium conjunctivum also varies greatly in ...
... 5) At the base of the midbrain (ventral side) one finds a fiber bundle that shows great differences in relative size in different species. Give examples. What are the fibers called and where do they originate? 8) A decussating group of axons called the brachium conjunctivum also varies greatly in ...
Brains, Bodies, and Behavior - 2012 Book Archive
... neurotransmitters, and these substances have a wide and profound effect on emotion, cognition, and behavior. Neurotransmitters regulate our appetite, our memory, our emotions, as well as our muscle action and movement. And as you can see in Table 3.1 "The Major Neurotransmitters and Their Functions" ...
... neurotransmitters, and these substances have a wide and profound effect on emotion, cognition, and behavior. Neurotransmitters regulate our appetite, our memory, our emotions, as well as our muscle action and movement. And as you can see in Table 3.1 "The Major Neurotransmitters and Their Functions" ...
Complexity in Neuronal Networks
... (layers, nuclei, cortical areas, neural networks) (Figure 1). The same multi-scale analysis can be replicated in the temporal domain, when decomposing brain activity in a multitude of dynamic processes with time constants ranging from microseconds (molecule transconformation, channel opening) to yea ...
... (layers, nuclei, cortical areas, neural networks) (Figure 1). The same multi-scale analysis can be replicated in the temporal domain, when decomposing brain activity in a multitude of dynamic processes with time constants ranging from microseconds (molecule transconformation, channel opening) to yea ...
Functional imaging of human auditory cortex
... the superior temporal plane. Recent advances that permit the visualization of the results of functional magnetic imaging experiments directly on the cortical surface have provided new insights into the organization of human ACFs. Evidence suggests that medial regions of HAC are organized in a manner ...
... the superior temporal plane. Recent advances that permit the visualization of the results of functional magnetic imaging experiments directly on the cortical surface have provided new insights into the organization of human ACFs. Evidence suggests that medial regions of HAC are organized in a manner ...
Design Features in Vertebrate Sensory Systems
... use directed eye movements to center a visual stimulus on the fovea or when rodents use their whiskers to sample physical objects in the environment. There are in some cases feedback projections from the central nervous system to receptors (Fig. 1). This occurs, for example, in many hair cells in th ...
... use directed eye movements to center a visual stimulus on the fovea or when rodents use their whiskers to sample physical objects in the environment. There are in some cases feedback projections from the central nervous system to receptors (Fig. 1). This occurs, for example, in many hair cells in th ...
Neurological Principles and Rehabilitation of Action Disorders
... alone. You first turn the shower faucet, but after some delay, the temperature is hotter than you wish. You then attempt to adjust the temperature by increasing the flow of cold water, but shortly, the temperature becomes colder than you wish. With some luck, you may be successful on the third trial ...
... alone. You first turn the shower faucet, but after some delay, the temperature is hotter than you wish. You then attempt to adjust the temperature by increasing the flow of cold water, but shortly, the temperature becomes colder than you wish. With some luck, you may be successful on the third trial ...
Common and Distinct Neural Substrates for Pragmatic, Semantic
... types. This fulfilled our primary aim of revealing brain activity modulated by each type of linguistic violation. As opposed to other methodologies, such as ERPs, neuroimaging techniques permit examination of the directionality of the response to the stimulus input. In Tables 3, 4, 5, and 6, we ther ...
... types. This fulfilled our primary aim of revealing brain activity modulated by each type of linguistic violation. As opposed to other methodologies, such as ERPs, neuroimaging techniques permit examination of the directionality of the response to the stimulus input. In Tables 3, 4, 5, and 6, we ther ...
Consciousness, biology and quantum hypotheses
... However, the structural connectivity of the C-T system is not enough, since moment-to-moment brain functions require dynamic flows of signal traffic among many brain regions, perhaps at multiple spatial and temporal scales. Based on a large number of animal studies, Steriade proposed that “The cereb ...
... However, the structural connectivity of the C-T system is not enough, since moment-to-moment brain functions require dynamic flows of signal traffic among many brain regions, perhaps at multiple spatial and temporal scales. Based on a large number of animal studies, Steriade proposed that “The cereb ...
TINS04
... One notable aspect of dyslexia that puzzles theorists and causes much confusion is the variety of symptoms that are consistently associated with it: problems with reading, of course, but also problems with phonology (the mental representation and processing of speech sounds), sensory difficulties in ...
... One notable aspect of dyslexia that puzzles theorists and causes much confusion is the variety of symptoms that are consistently associated with it: problems with reading, of course, but also problems with phonology (the mental representation and processing of speech sounds), sensory difficulties in ...
Alcohol and neuroinflammation: Involvement of astroglial cells and
... as cancer, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases(1, 2). The central nervous system (CNS) was considered as an immune privileged organ, which was not susceptible to inflammation or immune activation, and was thought to be largely unaffected by systematic inflammatory and immune responses. This point o ...
... as cancer, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases(1, 2). The central nervous system (CNS) was considered as an immune privileged organ, which was not susceptible to inflammation or immune activation, and was thought to be largely unaffected by systematic inflammatory and immune responses. This point o ...
Embodied cognitive evolution and the cerebellum
... interpreting and integrating information about the outside world, the perceptual information that this process is about, and the motor commands that represent the output of cognitive processes [27]. More recently, these distinctions have been broken down by the recognition that cognition is best con ...
... interpreting and integrating information about the outside world, the perceptual information that this process is about, and the motor commands that represent the output of cognitive processes [27]. More recently, these distinctions have been broken down by the recognition that cognition is best con ...
CHAPTER 12: THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM MODULE 12.1
... Multimodal association areas – regions of cortex that allow us to perform complex mental functions: Language – processed in two areas of cortex: Broca’s area – in anterolateral frontal lobe; premotor area responsible for ability to produce speech sounds Wernicke’s area (integrative speech area ...
... Multimodal association areas – regions of cortex that allow us to perform complex mental functions: Language – processed in two areas of cortex: Broca’s area – in anterolateral frontal lobe; premotor area responsible for ability to produce speech sounds Wernicke’s area (integrative speech area ...
Neural representation of object orientation: A dissociation between
... each condition the same number of times (each time in a different orientation). To maintain participants' attention, three additional (non-analyzed) trials with images of toy vehicles were included in each run, and participants pressed a button when they detected a vehicle. Localizers and regions of ...
... each condition the same number of times (each time in a different orientation). To maintain participants' attention, three additional (non-analyzed) trials with images of toy vehicles were included in each run, and participants pressed a button when they detected a vehicle. Localizers and regions of ...
Impact of early-life stress on the medial prefrontal cortex functions
... Although anxiety and mood disorders (MDs) are the most common mental diseases, the etiologies and mechanisms of these psychopathologies are still a matter of debate. The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is a brain structure that is strongly implicated in the pathophysiology of these disorders. A grow ...
... Although anxiety and mood disorders (MDs) are the most common mental diseases, the etiologies and mechanisms of these psychopathologies are still a matter of debate. The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is a brain structure that is strongly implicated in the pathophysiology of these disorders. A grow ...
Rule-Selection and Action-Selection have a Shared
... within which to study rule-based behaviors. In addition, the role of the parietal cortex is unclear. Although it is a component of the ‘‘global workspace’’ (Dehaene et al. 1998), hierarchical models have often overlooked it. This is not a necessary limitation and one might predict parallel hierarchi ...
... within which to study rule-based behaviors. In addition, the role of the parietal cortex is unclear. Although it is a component of the ‘‘global workspace’’ (Dehaene et al. 1998), hierarchical models have often overlooked it. This is not a necessary limitation and one might predict parallel hierarchi ...
Microcircuits in visual cortex Kevan AC Martin
... orientations and recording the ‘intrinsic’ optical signals associated with metabolic or electrical activity in the superficial layers of the cortex. The intrinsic signals associated with the different orientation are then colorcoded and presented in a composite orientation map. The maps have orienta ...
... orientations and recording the ‘intrinsic’ optical signals associated with metabolic or electrical activity in the superficial layers of the cortex. The intrinsic signals associated with the different orientation are then colorcoded and presented in a composite orientation map. The maps have orienta ...
Karuza, E. A., Newport, E. L., Aslin, R. N., Starling, S. J., Tivarus
... The foregoing findings suggest some overlap in the brain areas involved in the computation of statistical regularities both within and across modalities. However, since the previous fMRI studies of segmentation show mixed behavioral evidence of statistical learning, it is challenging to compare acros ...
... The foregoing findings suggest some overlap in the brain areas involved in the computation of statistical regularities both within and across modalities. However, since the previous fMRI studies of segmentation show mixed behavioral evidence of statistical learning, it is challenging to compare acros ...
On phenomenal character and Petri dishes
... intrinsic to the individual. This does not entail that it is intrinsic to some part of the individual. For example, the internalist could hold that my experience of the smell of coffee necessarily involves a state of my entire body, or at least of my entire brain. The view that phenomenal character ...
... intrinsic to the individual. This does not entail that it is intrinsic to some part of the individual. For example, the internalist could hold that my experience of the smell of coffee necessarily involves a state of my entire body, or at least of my entire brain. The view that phenomenal character ...
Neuroesthetics
Neuroesthetics (or neuroaesthetics) is a relatively recent sub-discipline of empirical aesthetics. Empirical aesthetics takes a scientific approach to the study of aesthetic perceptions of art and music. Neuroesthetics received its formal definition in 2002 as the scientific study of the neural bases for the contemplation and creation of a work of art. Neuroesthetics uses neuroscience to explain and understand the aesthetic experiences at the neurological level. The topic attracts scholars from many disciplines including neuroscientists, art historians, artists, and psychologists.