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... • It is separated from the dura by a potential space, the subdural space, and from the pia by the subarachnoid space, which is filled with cerebrospinal fluid. • In certain areas the arachnoid projects into the venous sinuses to form arachnoid villi. The arachnoid villi are most numerous along the s ...
... • It is separated from the dura by a potential space, the subdural space, and from the pia by the subarachnoid space, which is filled with cerebrospinal fluid. • In certain areas the arachnoid projects into the venous sinuses to form arachnoid villi. The arachnoid villi are most numerous along the s ...
Central Nervous System - Spinal Cord, Spinal
... 1. Epidural space – space between vertebrae and the dura mater- filled with adipose tissue. 2. Subdural space –space between dura mater and arachnoid-filled with interstitial fluid (no such space in healthy person; space appears when there is trauma or underlying pathological conditions). 3. Subarac ...
... 1. Epidural space – space between vertebrae and the dura mater- filled with adipose tissue. 2. Subdural space –space between dura mater and arachnoid-filled with interstitial fluid (no such space in healthy person; space appears when there is trauma or underlying pathological conditions). 3. Subarac ...
Region-specific alterations of A-to-I RNA editing of
... medians. The calculation of the relative 5-HT2CR isoform proportion takes into account all possible deviations between two sets of experimental conditions and is defined through the following formula: Δ Deviation5 - HT2C ¼ % Editing valuecondition2 - % Editing valuecondition1 The following two criter ...
... medians. The calculation of the relative 5-HT2CR isoform proportion takes into account all possible deviations between two sets of experimental conditions and is defined through the following formula: Δ Deviation5 - HT2C ¼ % Editing valuecondition2 - % Editing valuecondition1 The following two criter ...
new techniques for imaging, digitization and analysis of
... Severe vascular modifications are also detected in several neurodegenerative disorders (Buée et al., 1994; Bailey et al., 2004). Electron microscopy studies have revealed thickening and vacuolization of the vascular basement membrane, thinning of microvessels referred to as atrophic or string vessel ...
... Severe vascular modifications are also detected in several neurodegenerative disorders (Buée et al., 1994; Bailey et al., 2004). Electron microscopy studies have revealed thickening and vacuolization of the vascular basement membrane, thinning of microvessels referred to as atrophic or string vessel ...
Bayesian segmentation of brainstem structures in MRI
... In addition to studies of neurodegenerative diseases, automated segmentation algorithms for the brainstem structures would also find application in other areas. For instance, the pedunculopontine nucleus is a target for the implantation of deep brain stimulators in Parkinson's disease (Stefani et al. ...
... In addition to studies of neurodegenerative diseases, automated segmentation algorithms for the brainstem structures would also find application in other areas. For instance, the pedunculopontine nucleus is a target for the implantation of deep brain stimulators in Parkinson's disease (Stefani et al. ...
The Neuroscience of Spontaneous Thought: An Evolving
... a philosophical theory that incorporates similar developments). First, the definition suggests that thoughts arising in a spontaneous or unintentional fashion should not be equated with thoughts arising deliberately, even when such thoughts have similar (e.g. task-unrelated) contents. Second, this d ...
... a philosophical theory that incorporates similar developments). First, the definition suggests that thoughts arising in a spontaneous or unintentional fashion should not be equated with thoughts arising deliberately, even when such thoughts have similar (e.g. task-unrelated) contents. Second, this d ...
Methods of Studying The Nervous System
... recorded by placing four electrodes around the eye; the signals result from the fact that the front of the eye is more positively charged than the back – The direction of movement can be inferred from the relation between the activity recorded on two channels: (1) above vs. below and (2) left vs. ri ...
... recorded by placing four electrodes around the eye; the signals result from the fact that the front of the eye is more positively charged than the back – The direction of movement can be inferred from the relation between the activity recorded on two channels: (1) above vs. below and (2) left vs. ri ...
Resting-state Functional mR imaging
... (ie, 5–10 minutes), the functional connections are not changing. Preprocessing techniques are similar to those routinely applied in task-based functional MR imaging analyses, including motion correction, temporal and spatial filtering, and image registration to standard space. An important differenc ...
... (ie, 5–10 minutes), the functional connections are not changing. Preprocessing techniques are similar to those routinely applied in task-based functional MR imaging analyses, including motion correction, temporal and spatial filtering, and image registration to standard space. An important differenc ...
C6.4 PPT - Destiny High School
... – When a neuron is inactive, there are potassium ions (K+) inside the cell and sodium (Na+) ions outside the cell membrane. – Inside of the membrane is more negatively charged than the outside (Polarized). – When a stimulus is involved it changes the charge so the inside is more positive (Depolarize ...
... – When a neuron is inactive, there are potassium ions (K+) inside the cell and sodium (Na+) ions outside the cell membrane. – Inside of the membrane is more negatively charged than the outside (Polarized). – When a stimulus is involved it changes the charge so the inside is more positive (Depolarize ...
Large brains and cognition: Where do elephants fit in?
... and having offspring that require long periods of dependency. Elephants not only have the largest brains but also the greatest volume of cerebral cortex of all terrestrial mammals. When delving into what information is available regarding the performance of elephants in some aspects of cognitive beh ...
... and having offspring that require long periods of dependency. Elephants not only have the largest brains but also the greatest volume of cerebral cortex of all terrestrial mammals. When delving into what information is available regarding the performance of elephants in some aspects of cognitive beh ...
Get PDF - IOS Press
... of the molecular mechanism underlying the exercisemediated induction of BDNF, several questions remain. For example, even though peripheral injection of Fndc5 led to increases in BDNF expression in the hippocampus, the cleavage product of Fndc5, irisin, did not. These observations raised the possibi ...
... of the molecular mechanism underlying the exercisemediated induction of BDNF, several questions remain. For example, even though peripheral injection of Fndc5 led to increases in BDNF expression in the hippocampus, the cleavage product of Fndc5, irisin, did not. These observations raised the possibi ...
Brain regions involved in heading estimation and steering control in
... The brain regions required for judging heading direction and actively steering towards a goal could be damaged by stroke. Identifying the neural correlates responsible for goal-directed locomotion is important for the understanding of the mechanism underlying neuroplasticity and functional recovery. ...
... The brain regions required for judging heading direction and actively steering towards a goal could be damaged by stroke. Identifying the neural correlates responsible for goal-directed locomotion is important for the understanding of the mechanism underlying neuroplasticity and functional recovery. ...
Mercury and the Developing Brain
... especially toxic to humans and wildlife. Fish absorb methylmercury from the water as it passes over their gills and as they feed on other ...
... especially toxic to humans and wildlife. Fish absorb methylmercury from the water as it passes over their gills and as they feed on other ...
Why is parkinsonism not a feature of human methamphetamine users?
... All MA users had evidence, from the medical examiner investigation and/or structured interview with the next of kin, of the use of MA as the primary drug of abuse for at least 1 year; the presence of MA [assessed by GC-MS (gas chromatography±mass spectrometry, Kalasinsky et al., 2001)] in the blood, ...
... All MA users had evidence, from the medical examiner investigation and/or structured interview with the next of kin, of the use of MA as the primary drug of abuse for at least 1 year; the presence of MA [assessed by GC-MS (gas chromatography±mass spectrometry, Kalasinsky et al., 2001)] in the blood, ...
Нейроанатомия
... the fornix. They are part of the limbic system. They can be damaged as a result of thiamine deficiency (Wernicke–Korsakoff syndrome). The fourth ventricle is the most inferior of the ventricular spaces and is diamond-shaped in cross section. It connects to the third ventricle via the aqueduct of Syl ...
... the fornix. They are part of the limbic system. They can be damaged as a result of thiamine deficiency (Wernicke–Korsakoff syndrome). The fourth ventricle is the most inferior of the ventricular spaces and is diamond-shaped in cross section. It connects to the third ventricle via the aqueduct of Syl ...
Antioxidant Enzymes in Brain Cortex of Rats
... testing the normality distribution of the small sample size. Since data were normally distributed, no data transformation was employed and the results are reported as means±SEM. The level of statistical significance was set to 5%. Differences of antioxidant enzymes activity were analyzed by one-way ...
... testing the normality distribution of the small sample size. Since data were normally distributed, no data transformation was employed and the results are reported as means±SEM. The level of statistical significance was set to 5%. Differences of antioxidant enzymes activity were analyzed by one-way ...
The Neurology of Music for Post-Traumatic-Stress
... antidepressants and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), a specific type of antidepressant. It is suggested that clients try physiological approaches for treatment before pharmaceutical. At times, symptoms of PTSD are so severe that medication may be necessary to reduce symptoms (Cukor, ...
... antidepressants and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), a specific type of antidepressant. It is suggested that clients try physiological approaches for treatment before pharmaceutical. At times, symptoms of PTSD are so severe that medication may be necessary to reduce symptoms (Cukor, ...
Caudo‐rostral brain spreading of α‐synuclein through vagal
... and different quadrants of the pons. Total a‐syn mRNA was enhanced in the MO, particularly its middle portion (Fig 1I). In contrast, no changes occurred in the pons, indicating absence of virus‐encoded ha‐syn mRNA (Fig 1I). The genome of our AAV vector also encoded for the woodchuck hepatitis virus ...
... and different quadrants of the pons. Total a‐syn mRNA was enhanced in the MO, particularly its middle portion (Fig 1I). In contrast, no changes occurred in the pons, indicating absence of virus‐encoded ha‐syn mRNA (Fig 1I). The genome of our AAV vector also encoded for the woodchuck hepatitis virus ...
Role of Nitric Oxide on Dopamine Release and Morphine
... inhibit frequency-dependent effects of SIN-1 (NO donor) on DA release in NA. Several studies reported that NO-mediated DA release was independent of glutamate and GABA inputs (Hartung et al., 2011; Exley, Clements, Hartung, McIntosh, & Cragg, 2008; Threlfell et al., 2010). NO also modulate the relea ...
... inhibit frequency-dependent effects of SIN-1 (NO donor) on DA release in NA. Several studies reported that NO-mediated DA release was independent of glutamate and GABA inputs (Hartung et al., 2011; Exley, Clements, Hartung, McIntosh, & Cragg, 2008; Threlfell et al., 2010). NO also modulate the relea ...