Axonal conduction properties of antidromically identified neurons in
... described. Four projection sites were activated using electrical stimulation: (1) vibrissal motor cortex, (2) ventrobasal thalamus (VB), (3) posteromedial thalamic nucleus (POm), and (4) cerebral peduncle. Extracellular recordings were obtained from a total of 169 units in 21 animals. Results demons ...
... described. Four projection sites were activated using electrical stimulation: (1) vibrissal motor cortex, (2) ventrobasal thalamus (VB), (3) posteromedial thalamic nucleus (POm), and (4) cerebral peduncle. Extracellular recordings were obtained from a total of 169 units in 21 animals. Results demons ...
Altered Fronto-Striatal and Fronto-Cerebellar Circuits in Heroin
... It must be pointed out that, from a view of the balance between local neuronal assemblies activities and global integrative processes upon which normal brain functions is primarily dependent [18], these researches mentioned above are all characterized with separately or isolatedly focusing on the ef ...
... It must be pointed out that, from a view of the balance between local neuronal assemblies activities and global integrative processes upon which normal brain functions is primarily dependent [18], these researches mentioned above are all characterized with separately or isolatedly focusing on the ef ...
PDF
... (magnopyramidality) of the layer III (Petrides et al., 2012). Those neurons are on Nissl stained sections not only prominent by cell body size, they also have most intense cytoplasmatic staining showing high metabolic activity (Rajkowska and Goldman-Rakic, 1995a). They also have the most intense SMI ...
... (magnopyramidality) of the layer III (Petrides et al., 2012). Those neurons are on Nissl stained sections not only prominent by cell body size, they also have most intense cytoplasmatic staining showing high metabolic activity (Rajkowska and Goldman-Rakic, 1995a). They also have the most intense SMI ...
Arousal Systems
... variety of different conditions, modulating the functional capacities of cortical neurons during a wide range of behavioral states. ...
... variety of different conditions, modulating the functional capacities of cortical neurons during a wide range of behavioral states. ...
Physiological Psychology - II Sem
... Most neurons send signals via their axons, although some types are capable of dendrite-to-dendrite communication. (In fact, the types of neurons called amacrine cells have no axons, and communicate only via their dendrites.) Neural signals propagate along an axon in the form of electrochemical waves ...
... Most neurons send signals via their axons, although some types are capable of dendrite-to-dendrite communication. (In fact, the types of neurons called amacrine cells have no axons, and communicate only via their dendrites.) Neural signals propagate along an axon in the form of electrochemical waves ...
Supplementary Information - Gatsby Computational Neuroscience Unit
... and V1. The retina consists of uncoupled analog units that are driven by the image; the output of each unit is an analog firing rate. The retina feeds into the LGN, which consists of a layer of uncoupled, spiking, excitatory neurons. And finally, the LGN feeds into V1, which also consists of spiking ...
... and V1. The retina consists of uncoupled analog units that are driven by the image; the output of each unit is an analog firing rate. The retina feeds into the LGN, which consists of a layer of uncoupled, spiking, excitatory neurons. And finally, the LGN feeds into V1, which also consists of spiking ...
~ Pergamon
... We combined data from prefrontal areas with similar laminar definition to determine whether regional differences in the distribution of labelled neurons were related to differences in laminar characteristics noted previously/4 Categories were constructed on the basis of number of layers and laminar ...
... We combined data from prefrontal areas with similar laminar definition to determine whether regional differences in the distribution of labelled neurons were related to differences in laminar characteristics noted previously/4 Categories were constructed on the basis of number of layers and laminar ...
Neural networks engaged in milliseconds and seconds time
... variability timers throughout all tasks, and a subgroup of PD patients with a temporal variability that did not ...
... variability timers throughout all tasks, and a subgroup of PD patients with a temporal variability that did not ...
neuron number decreases in the rat ventral, but not dorsal, medial
... to 11 sections per animal. The volume of each mPFC region was estimated by scanning the camera lucida tracings of the parcellated areas into a computer and quantifying the area of each with NIH image (version 1.62, 1999), then applying the Cavalieri method by which volume is estimated to be the prod ...
... to 11 sections per animal. The volume of each mPFC region was estimated by scanning the camera lucida tracings of the parcellated areas into a computer and quantifying the area of each with NIH image (version 1.62, 1999), then applying the Cavalieri method by which volume is estimated to be the prod ...
Dendrite structure
... in other areas of the brain. In some neurons, dendrites radiate in arbitrary directions from the cell body but are restricted to a planar region. This type of laminar radiation (see Table 1.2) is seen in horizontal cells of the retina (Kolb et al. 1994), and in some interneurons of cortex (Parra et ...
... in other areas of the brain. In some neurons, dendrites radiate in arbitrary directions from the cell body but are restricted to a planar region. This type of laminar radiation (see Table 1.2) is seen in horizontal cells of the retina (Kolb et al. 1994), and in some interneurons of cortex (Parra et ...
Dendrite structure
... in other areas of the brain. In some neurons, dendrites radiate in arbitrary directions from the cell body but are restricted to a planar region. This type of laminar radiation (see Table 1.2) is seen in horizontal cells of the retina (Kolb et al. 1994), and in some interneurons of cortex (Parra et ...
... in other areas of the brain. In some neurons, dendrites radiate in arbitrary directions from the cell body but are restricted to a planar region. This type of laminar radiation (see Table 1.2) is seen in horizontal cells of the retina (Kolb et al. 1994), and in some interneurons of cortex (Parra et ...
Tangential Networks of Precocious Neurons and Early Axonal
... munoreactivity were seen in the rostral thalamus, where GAP43-positive cells and fibers were more abundant: only a few MAP2immunopositive cells were detected in the DTh at CS 17. The more mature intermediate zone of the VTh was composed partly of MAP2-positive cells and fibers. In the rostral basal ...
... munoreactivity were seen in the rostral thalamus, where GAP43-positive cells and fibers were more abundant: only a few MAP2immunopositive cells were detected in the DTh at CS 17. The more mature intermediate zone of the VTh was composed partly of MAP2-positive cells and fibers. In the rostral basal ...
How Simple Cells Are Made in a Nonlinear Network Model of the
... striate cortex, and the cortical network itself, are highly nonlinear. Although simple cells are vital for visual perception, there has been no satisfactory explanation of how they are produced in the cortex. To examine this question, we have developed a large-scale neuronal network model of layer 4 ...
... striate cortex, and the cortical network itself, are highly nonlinear. Although simple cells are vital for visual perception, there has been no satisfactory explanation of how they are produced in the cortex. To examine this question, we have developed a large-scale neuronal network model of layer 4 ...
Use of a Recombinant Pseudorabies Virus to
... those following nerve lesions, demonstrating that the MI has the intrinsic circuitry necessary to support reorganization, in which the intracortical horizontal connections play a decisive role (Sanes and Donoghue, 2000). Our earlier studies revealed that the motor cortices of both hemispheres, inter ...
... those following nerve lesions, demonstrating that the MI has the intrinsic circuitry necessary to support reorganization, in which the intracortical horizontal connections play a decisive role (Sanes and Donoghue, 2000). Our earlier studies revealed that the motor cortices of both hemispheres, inter ...
in search of memory traces
... activity of the obicularis oculi muscles] were essentially perfectly correlated over the course of learning (McCormick et al. 1982b). Indeed, obicularis oculi EMG appears to be the most robust and sensitive measure of learning (Lavond et al. 1990). Recordings from the relevant motor nuclei, particul ...
... activity of the obicularis oculi muscles] were essentially perfectly correlated over the course of learning (McCormick et al. 1982b). Indeed, obicularis oculi EMG appears to be the most robust and sensitive measure of learning (Lavond et al. 1990). Recordings from the relevant motor nuclei, particul ...
The Motor Cortex and Descending Control of Movement
... demonstrated that there are also direct monosynaptic RST projections to the distal musculature;19 these were found to be weaker than equivalent CST projections but nevertheless were present in primates.Evidence also suggests that there is convergence of CST and RST axons onto the same spinal interne ...
... demonstrated that there are also direct monosynaptic RST projections to the distal musculature;19 these were found to be weaker than equivalent CST projections but nevertheless were present in primates.Evidence also suggests that there is convergence of CST and RST axons onto the same spinal interne ...
Skeletal System
... of the vertebral column, the lumbar and sacral spinal nerve roots angle sharply downward and travel inferiorly before reaching their intervertebral foramina This collection of nerve roots at the inferior end of the vertebral canal is called the cauda equina The arrangement reflects the fact that dur ...
... of the vertebral column, the lumbar and sacral spinal nerve roots angle sharply downward and travel inferiorly before reaching their intervertebral foramina This collection of nerve roots at the inferior end of the vertebral canal is called the cauda equina The arrangement reflects the fact that dur ...
Vertebrate brains and evolutionary connectomics: on the origins of
... and basal ganglia. This directly implied the lack of refined lemniscal visual, vestibular, gustatory, auditory or somatosensory inputs to the telencephalon, and certainly no prospect of ability to deal with discrete stimuli from any of these sources. It also posed a paradox among birds, as many spec ...
... and basal ganglia. This directly implied the lack of refined lemniscal visual, vestibular, gustatory, auditory or somatosensory inputs to the telencephalon, and certainly no prospect of ability to deal with discrete stimuli from any of these sources. It also posed a paradox among birds, as many spec ...
The thalamus as a monitor of motor outputs
... sending a branch to the midbrain, can be treated as a part of a sensory system on the way to the cortex, and when it is, the receptive field properties that relate to retinal coordinates, like centre-surround properties, will be studied. If, however, it is seen as an input to the midbrain, which is ...
... sending a branch to the midbrain, can be treated as a part of a sensory system on the way to the cortex, and when it is, the receptive field properties that relate to retinal coordinates, like centre-surround properties, will be studied. If, however, it is seen as an input to the midbrain, which is ...
Trigeminal pathways handout
... synapse in spinal nucleus of V. The tract is continuous with the dorsolateral fasciculus (Lissauer’s tract) in the spinal cord, again emphasizing the similarities with the ALS system. 2. The Spinal (descending) nucleus extends caudally as far as C2-C3 and is continuous with the dorsal horn. This mea ...
... synapse in spinal nucleus of V. The tract is continuous with the dorsolateral fasciculus (Lissauer’s tract) in the spinal cord, again emphasizing the similarities with the ALS system. 2. The Spinal (descending) nucleus extends caudally as far as C2-C3 and is continuous with the dorsal horn. This mea ...
Bipolar neurons in rat visual cortex: A combined
... of Fig. 1. This s h o w s camera lucida d r a w i n g s of eight bipolar n e u r o n s which have been e x a m i n e d first with the light microscope and then with the electron microscope. The cell bodies of these n e u r o n s are fusiform or spindle-shaped, with their long axes oriented in a vert ...
... of Fig. 1. This s h o w s camera lucida d r a w i n g s of eight bipolar n e u r o n s which have been e x a m i n e d first with the light microscope and then with the electron microscope. The cell bodies of these n e u r o n s are fusiform or spindle-shaped, with their long axes oriented in a vert ...
Perception of Motion, Depth, and Form
... a random assortment of equally connected areas.There is substantial evidence for two major processing pathways, a dorsal one to the posterior parietal cortex and a ventral one to the inferior temporal cortex, but other pathways may also exist. Second, there is strong evidence that the processingin t ...
... a random assortment of equally connected areas.There is substantial evidence for two major processing pathways, a dorsal one to the posterior parietal cortex and a ventral one to the inferior temporal cortex, but other pathways may also exist. Second, there is strong evidence that the processingin t ...
Processing in layer 4 of the neocortical circuit: new insights from
... based on the arrangement of a cell’s ON and OFF subregions [26]. However, the feed-forward model predicts that inhibition and threshold sharpen spike tuning relative to voltage tuning; it is voltage tuning that would be expected to follow a linear prediction. Ferster’s group tested this by mapping t ...
... based on the arrangement of a cell’s ON and OFF subregions [26]. However, the feed-forward model predicts that inhibition and threshold sharpen spike tuning relative to voltage tuning; it is voltage tuning that would be expected to follow a linear prediction. Ferster’s group tested this by mapping t ...
INTERNEURONS OF THE NEOCORTICAL INHIBITORY SYSTEM
... cells). Some of these interneurons have been anatomically identified as MCs and DBCs. Regular-spiking non-pyramidal (RSNP) cells discharge in a manner that resembles regular-spiking pyramidal cells11,75,76. These cells have been recorded in layers II/III and V, and some have been identified as MCs, ...
... cells). Some of these interneurons have been anatomically identified as MCs and DBCs. Regular-spiking non-pyramidal (RSNP) cells discharge in a manner that resembles regular-spiking pyramidal cells11,75,76. These cells have been recorded in layers II/III and V, and some have been identified as MCs, ...
Alaskan Husky encephalopathy - UC Davis School of Veterinary
... diffuse involvement of the brain including cerebrum, brain stem and cerebellum. In dogs that were observed for ...
... diffuse involvement of the brain including cerebrum, brain stem and cerebellum. In dogs that were observed for ...
Anatomy of the cerebellum
The anatomy of the cerebellum can be viewed at three levels. At the level of large-scale anatomy, the cerebellum consists of a tightly folded and crumpled layer of cortex, with white matter underneath, several deep nuclei embedded in the white matter, and a fluid-filled ventricle in the middle. At the intermediate level, the cerebellum and its auxiliary structures can be decomposed into several hundred or thousand independently functioning modules or ""microzones"". At the microscopic level, each module consists of the same small set of neuronal elements, laid out with a highly stereotyped geometry.