Lemniscal recurrent and transcortical influences on
... in the cat) responds either to movement of hairs, or to touch or pressure applied to the skin. Some respond to movement of joints or to stimulation of deep receptors. Most of the input to the dorsal column nuclei (DCN: cuneate and gracilis), especially to their middle regions, is from primary affere ...
... in the cat) responds either to movement of hairs, or to touch or pressure applied to the skin. Some respond to movement of joints or to stimulation of deep receptors. Most of the input to the dorsal column nuclei (DCN: cuneate and gracilis), especially to their middle regions, is from primary affere ...
Posterior White Column
... to lamina IV, these tracts cells are also known as the Nucleus Proprius (e.g. spinal thalamic tract or anterolateral system; pain and temperature, some tactile) • Receives afferent input from dorsal roots and descending fibers, most importantly Corticospinal ...
... to lamina IV, these tracts cells are also known as the Nucleus Proprius (e.g. spinal thalamic tract or anterolateral system; pain and temperature, some tactile) • Receives afferent input from dorsal roots and descending fibers, most importantly Corticospinal ...
Document
... to lamina IV, these tracts cells are also known as the Nucleus Proprius (e.g. spinal thalamic tract or anterolateral system; pain and temperature, some tactile) • Receives afferent input from dorsal roots and descending fibers, most importantly Corticospinal ...
... to lamina IV, these tracts cells are also known as the Nucleus Proprius (e.g. spinal thalamic tract or anterolateral system; pain and temperature, some tactile) • Receives afferent input from dorsal roots and descending fibers, most importantly Corticospinal ...
The Spinal Cord
... to lamina IV, these tracts cells are also known as the Nucleus Proprius (e.g. spinal thalamic tract or anterolateral system; pain and temperature, some tactile) • Receives afferent input from dorsal roots and descending fibers, most importantly Corticospinal ...
... to lamina IV, these tracts cells are also known as the Nucleus Proprius (e.g. spinal thalamic tract or anterolateral system; pain and temperature, some tactile) • Receives afferent input from dorsal roots and descending fibers, most importantly Corticospinal ...
Physiology and mathematical modeling of the auditory system
... that of I0 . If we want to express an absolute intensity I using decibels then we have to use some standard reference intensity I0 . The reference intensity most commonly used is 10−12 (Watt/m2 ), which corresponds to a pressure of 20 µPa or about 2·10−10 atmosphere. The sound level of a sound relat ...
... that of I0 . If we want to express an absolute intensity I using decibels then we have to use some standard reference intensity I0 . The reference intensity most commonly used is 10−12 (Watt/m2 ), which corresponds to a pressure of 20 µPa or about 2·10−10 atmosphere. The sound level of a sound relat ...
Chapter 2
... typically extend beyond the single fibrodendritic lamina into adjacent laminae. Other cell types have ovoid dendritic fields oriented perpendicular to the long axis of the disc-shaped cells (cat) or parallel to the flat cells (the less-flat cells in rat). Nissl stains reveal that presumptive stellat ...
... typically extend beyond the single fibrodendritic lamina into adjacent laminae. Other cell types have ovoid dendritic fields oriented perpendicular to the long axis of the disc-shaped cells (cat) or parallel to the flat cells (the less-flat cells in rat). Nissl stains reveal that presumptive stellat ...
striatum
... Dopaminergic neurons (SNc) show phasic activations following the encounter the animal with novel stimuli particularly with presentation of primary reward. Such activation leads to a spatially release of dopamine ...
... Dopaminergic neurons (SNc) show phasic activations following the encounter the animal with novel stimuli particularly with presentation of primary reward. Such activation leads to a spatially release of dopamine ...
Anatomical Changes in Human Motor Cortex and Motor Pathways
... These cerebellar changes are surprising given that unlike the primary motor and sensory cortices, which have direct connections with the injured region, that is, the spinal cord; the bulk of superior cerebellar cortex connections are with the brainstem and cerebral cortex. This indicates that second ...
... These cerebellar changes are surprising given that unlike the primary motor and sensory cortices, which have direct connections with the injured region, that is, the spinal cord; the bulk of superior cerebellar cortex connections are with the brainstem and cerebral cortex. This indicates that second ...
Prediction error for free monetary reward in the human prefrontal
... that frontostriatal circuits are important for mediating the influence of reward expectation on the selection and preparation of actions. Specific dopamine-rich regions within the prefrontal cortex (Goldman-Rakic et al., 1992; Lidow et al., 1991; Sawaguchi and Goldman-Rakic, 1991), the premotor cort ...
... that frontostriatal circuits are important for mediating the influence of reward expectation on the selection and preparation of actions. Specific dopamine-rich regions within the prefrontal cortex (Goldman-Rakic et al., 1992; Lidow et al., 1991; Sawaguchi and Goldman-Rakic, 1991), the premotor cort ...
Cortical afferents to the smooth-pursuit region of the macaque
... the arcuate sulcus (Fig. 2A, f). Only layers I and II of this fold of cortex were exposed to tracer. The injection ...
... the arcuate sulcus (Fig. 2A, f). Only layers I and II of this fold of cortex were exposed to tracer. The injection ...
chapter 4 the evolution of body, brain, behavior, and mind in
... the developing embryo from desiccation. After hatching, many amphibians spend their early life in the water as tadpoles, with tails used for swimming and gills for breathing. They do not develop functional lungs until they have metamorphosed. Moreover, lacking a diaphragm, the amphibian lung is a le ...
... the developing embryo from desiccation. After hatching, many amphibians spend their early life in the water as tadpoles, with tails used for swimming and gills for breathing. They do not develop functional lungs until they have metamorphosed. Moreover, lacking a diaphragm, the amphibian lung is a le ...
Segregation and convergence of specialised pathways in
... at higher levels of processing, or are they in turn combined and repackaged? To examine this question we have injected distinct orthograde tracers into the functionally distinct areas V4 and V5 of one hemisphere in 3 macaque monkeys (Macacafascicularis). V4 is known to receive input from both thin s ...
... at higher levels of processing, or are they in turn combined and repackaged? To examine this question we have injected distinct orthograde tracers into the functionally distinct areas V4 and V5 of one hemisphere in 3 macaque monkeys (Macacafascicularis). V4 is known to receive input from both thin s ...
Role of Cerebral Cortex in Voluntary Movements
... Findings from studies using electrical stimulation of cortex, recording from single neurons in awake animals, and measuring regional cerebral blood flow in humans have revealed some specific motor functions for several cerebral cortical areas. These areas include primary motor cortex, supplementary ...
... Findings from studies using electrical stimulation of cortex, recording from single neurons in awake animals, and measuring regional cerebral blood flow in humans have revealed some specific motor functions for several cerebral cortical areas. These areas include primary motor cortex, supplementary ...
Pathways for emotions and memory
... of projections to the AM nucleus from all prefrontal cortices, as well as from temporal structures and the hypothalamic mammillary body, known for their role in distinct aspects of memory and emotion. We addressed this issue with targeted injections of retrograde fluorescent tracers in the AM nucleu ...
... of projections to the AM nucleus from all prefrontal cortices, as well as from temporal structures and the hypothalamic mammillary body, known for their role in distinct aspects of memory and emotion. We addressed this issue with targeted injections of retrograde fluorescent tracers in the AM nucleu ...
The Distribution and Morphological Characteristics of Serotonergic
... were located within the hypothalamus and brainstem of both species of monotremes. The distribution of these cells was similar in both species, thus the following description is applicable to the platypus and the echidna. Terminology employed in this description is derived from a review by Jacobs and ...
... were located within the hypothalamus and brainstem of both species of monotremes. The distribution of these cells was similar in both species, thus the following description is applicable to the platypus and the echidna. Terminology employed in this description is derived from a review by Jacobs and ...
Regulation of Neuroblast Cell-Cycle Kinetics Plays a Crucial Role in
... section thickness ensured optimal staining (Cooper et al., 1988). The distance of the labeled nucleus from the white matter/gray matter limit was expressed as a percentage value of the cortical height and used to quantif y the radial distribution of different categories of labeled neurons. We have u ...
... section thickness ensured optimal staining (Cooper et al., 1988). The distance of the labeled nucleus from the white matter/gray matter limit was expressed as a percentage value of the cortical height and used to quantif y the radial distribution of different categories of labeled neurons. We have u ...
annual report of the erwin l. hahn institute for magnetic resonance
... concentrations in the mPFC. We found that brain processes inherent to memory formation cause an increase in GLX concentration which is related to the amount of GABA. Moreover, this effect appears to be related to functional connectivity between mPFC and thalamus and performance on the face-name asso ...
... concentrations in the mPFC. We found that brain processes inherent to memory formation cause an increase in GLX concentration which is related to the amount of GABA. Moreover, this effect appears to be related to functional connectivity between mPFC and thalamus and performance on the face-name asso ...
Temporal Profiles of Axon Terminals, Synapses and Spines in the
... In this model, after the restoration of blood flow, only ischemic penumbra with progressing disseminated selective neuronal necrosis (DSNN) appeared in the coronal face sectioned at the infundibular level (Face B) and focal infarction evolved among the DSNN in the coronal face sectioned at the chias ...
... In this model, after the restoration of blood flow, only ischemic penumbra with progressing disseminated selective neuronal necrosis (DSNN) appeared in the coronal face sectioned at the infundibular level (Face B) and focal infarction evolved among the DSNN in the coronal face sectioned at the chias ...
Fine-scale specificity of cortical networks depends on inhibitory cell
... levels of organization. The cerebral cortex is parceled into functionally and anatomically distinct areas, each of which connects to distinct subsets of the other areas1. And within each area, specific connections create and respect laminar and columnar functional architecture2–8. Within any one of ...
... levels of organization. The cerebral cortex is parceled into functionally and anatomically distinct areas, each of which connects to distinct subsets of the other areas1. And within each area, specific connections create and respect laminar and columnar functional architecture2–8. Within any one of ...
Failure of the oculomotor neural integrator from a discrete midline
... A discrete electrolytic lesion, having a roughly columnar shape approximately 4 mm deep and 1 mm in diameter, was made on the midline between the abducens nuclei. This was done by positioning a tungsten microelectrode using the stereotaxic map, and advancing it into the brainstem in five 1 mm steps. ...
... A discrete electrolytic lesion, having a roughly columnar shape approximately 4 mm deep and 1 mm in diameter, was made on the midline between the abducens nuclei. This was done by positioning a tungsten microelectrode using the stereotaxic map, and advancing it into the brainstem in five 1 mm steps. ...
Loss of Neurons in Magnocellular and Parvocellular Layers of the
... layers 1 and 2 are magnocellular layers, while the remaining dorsal layers 3 through 6 are parvocellular layers. Layers 1, 4, and 6 of the left LGN are connected to the glaucomatous right eye, while layers 2, 3, and 5 are connected to the nonglaucomatous left eye. To determine whether neurons are lo ...
... layers 1 and 2 are magnocellular layers, while the remaining dorsal layers 3 through 6 are parvocellular layers. Layers 1, 4, and 6 of the left LGN are connected to the glaucomatous right eye, while layers 2, 3, and 5 are connected to the nonglaucomatous left eye. To determine whether neurons are lo ...
Identification of neural circuits involved in female genital responses
... behavior, including the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (VMN), the medial preoptic area (MPO), and the midbrain periaqueductal gray (PAG). The VMN is considered an integral component of the lordosis reflex; stimulation of the VMN in estrogen-primed animals facilitates the display of the lor ...
... behavior, including the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (VMN), the medial preoptic area (MPO), and the midbrain periaqueductal gray (PAG). The VMN is considered an integral component of the lordosis reflex; stimulation of the VMN in estrogen-primed animals facilitates the display of the lor ...
The role of the hypothalamic dorsomedial nucleus in the central
... as insulin, leptin, and ghrelin from the periphery. The gate for the most important adiposity signals is the arcuate nucleus, which contains neurons expressing orexigenic and anorexigenic peptides, respectively. These neurons convey peripheral input to the paraventricular and ventromedial nuclei, an ...
... as insulin, leptin, and ghrelin from the periphery. The gate for the most important adiposity signals is the arcuate nucleus, which contains neurons expressing orexigenic and anorexigenic peptides, respectively. These neurons convey peripheral input to the paraventricular and ventromedial nuclei, an ...
Surface-view connectivity patterns of area 18 in cats
... There was no evidence of double-labeled cells projecting to separate regions in area 18. These results are more consistent with the concept of a single suprasylvian area projecting to area 18 cortex than several. ...
... There was no evidence of double-labeled cells projecting to separate regions in area 18. These results are more consistent with the concept of a single suprasylvian area projecting to area 18 cortex than several. ...
Anatomy of the cerebellum
The anatomy of the cerebellum can be viewed at three levels. At the level of large-scale anatomy, the cerebellum consists of a tightly folded and crumpled layer of cortex, with white matter underneath, several deep nuclei embedded in the white matter, and a fluid-filled ventricle in the middle. At the intermediate level, the cerebellum and its auxiliary structures can be decomposed into several hundred or thousand independently functioning modules or ""microzones"". At the microscopic level, each module consists of the same small set of neuronal elements, laid out with a highly stereotyped geometry.