Disassembling the plant Cell Wall to obtain energy
... Buckeridge et al. 2008. Parede Celular, Cap 9 in Kerbauy G.B. Fisiologia Vegetal. Guanabara Koogan ...
... Buckeridge et al. 2008. Parede Celular, Cap 9 in Kerbauy G.B. Fisiologia Vegetal. Guanabara Koogan ...
Moonlighting proteins—an update
... proteins make use of the general methods seen in previously identified moonlighting proteins to switch between functions, although the details differ, for example how interacting with a different protein partner or cofactor results in a conformational change that then affects function. For some of the n ...
... proteins make use of the general methods seen in previously identified moonlighting proteins to switch between functions, although the details differ, for example how interacting with a different protein partner or cofactor results in a conformational change that then affects function. For some of the n ...
Webquest 16 DNA
... Part 2 – RNA, Transcription, Translation RNA Go to http://www.dnaftb.org/dnaftb/21/concept/index.html Read the text and answer the following questions 1. Where is RNA commonly found? ____________________________________________ 2. Describe what is meant by the “central dogma” in biology. ___________ ...
... Part 2 – RNA, Transcription, Translation RNA Go to http://www.dnaftb.org/dnaftb/21/concept/index.html Read the text and answer the following questions 1. Where is RNA commonly found? ____________________________________________ 2. Describe what is meant by the “central dogma” in biology. ___________ ...
Mammalian Two-Hybrid Assay Kit
... via the activation of reporter-gene expression. The mammalian two-hybrid reporter plasmid, pFR-Luc (see Figure 5), contains a synthetic promoter with five tandem repeats of the yeast GAL4 binding sites that control expression of the Photinus pyralis (American firefly) luciferase gene. Luciferase rep ...
... via the activation of reporter-gene expression. The mammalian two-hybrid reporter plasmid, pFR-Luc (see Figure 5), contains a synthetic promoter with five tandem repeats of the yeast GAL4 binding sites that control expression of the Photinus pyralis (American firefly) luciferase gene. Luciferase rep ...
Nutritional Control of Growth and Development in Yeast
... ABSTRACT Availability of key nutrients, such as sugars, amino acids, and nitrogen compounds, dictates the developmental programs and the growth rates of yeast cells. A number of overlapping signaling networks—those centered on Ras/protein kinase A, AMPactivated kinase, and target of rapamycin comple ...
... ABSTRACT Availability of key nutrients, such as sugars, amino acids, and nitrogen compounds, dictates the developmental programs and the growth rates of yeast cells. A number of overlapping signaling networks—those centered on Ras/protein kinase A, AMPactivated kinase, and target of rapamycin comple ...
Bacterial transformation
... (transformed) and express the ampicillin resistance gene product from the plasmid will be able to grow on media containing ampicillin while all the other bacteria will die; a powerful technique called selection. Can you imagine how difficult it would be to have to examine every bacterial cell by som ...
... (transformed) and express the ampicillin resistance gene product from the plasmid will be able to grow on media containing ampicillin while all the other bacteria will die; a powerful technique called selection. Can you imagine how difficult it would be to have to examine every bacterial cell by som ...
Identification and Characterization of Genes Required for Cell
... the cell fusion mutants, the germinating conidia fail to form CATs. Complementation experiments. Complementation assays were used to verify that the deletion mutation was responsible for the cell fusion mutant phenotype. Complementation experiments were conducted by using the pBM60/pBM61 plasmid sys ...
... the cell fusion mutants, the germinating conidia fail to form CATs. Complementation experiments. Complementation assays were used to verify that the deletion mutation was responsible for the cell fusion mutant phenotype. Complementation experiments were conducted by using the pBM60/pBM61 plasmid sys ...
Klaus Schulten: The computational microscope
... Bridging the gap between single protein simulations and organelle or cell-scale simulations is challenging on many levels. Because molecular dynamics simulations on the order of hundreds of millions of atoms require substantial computational power, efficient codes as well as appropriate analysis and ...
... Bridging the gap between single protein simulations and organelle or cell-scale simulations is challenging on many levels. Because molecular dynamics simulations on the order of hundreds of millions of atoms require substantial computational power, efficient codes as well as appropriate analysis and ...
Expressed Sequence Tags
... The EST sequences can be used to search the homologous organisms in different databases such as NCBI (National Centre for Biotechnology Information). Thus we can collect information on expression patterns of different species. Therefore, they play vital role in discovery of gene and genome analysis. ...
... The EST sequences can be used to search the homologous organisms in different databases such as NCBI (National Centre for Biotechnology Information). Thus we can collect information on expression patterns of different species. Therefore, they play vital role in discovery of gene and genome analysis. ...
Ongoing strategies against mitochondrial diseases
... spermatozoid’s neck and are selectively destroyed once they reach the ovum, therefore, in general, there is no genetic contribution of paternal mtDNA during fertilization. Thus, several familial lineages that carry mitochondrial alterations exhibiting a clear maternal heredity pattern have been desc ...
... spermatozoid’s neck and are selectively destroyed once they reach the ovum, therefore, in general, there is no genetic contribution of paternal mtDNA during fertilization. Thus, several familial lineages that carry mitochondrial alterations exhibiting a clear maternal heredity pattern have been desc ...
Applied and Environmental Microbiology
... genomic library, were partially sequenced in both strands. The internal citrate synthase gene fragment that lies between RT1 and RT2 was obtained by PCR synthesis with DNA from CFNE 299-10 and primers obtained from sequencing the RT1 and RT2 clones. The coding region of ccsA is 90% identical to that ...
... genomic library, were partially sequenced in both strands. The internal citrate synthase gene fragment that lies between RT1 and RT2 was obtained by PCR synthesis with DNA from CFNE 299-10 and primers obtained from sequencing the RT1 and RT2 clones. The coding region of ccsA is 90% identical to that ...
Gene Section IGFBP6 (insulin-like growth factor binding protein 6)
... angiogenesis (Zhang et al., 2012). It has been reported to be a tumor suppressor in nasopharyngeal cancer through regulation of EGR1 expression (Kuo et al., 2010). As well as binding IGFs with high affinity, IGFBP6 also binds other unrelated proteins, including importin-α, prohibitin-2 and Ku80 as d ...
... angiogenesis (Zhang et al., 2012). It has been reported to be a tumor suppressor in nasopharyngeal cancer through regulation of EGR1 expression (Kuo et al., 2010). As well as binding IGFs with high affinity, IGFBP6 also binds other unrelated proteins, including importin-α, prohibitin-2 and Ku80 as d ...
Vitamin supplementation by gut symbionts ensures metabolic
... detoxification and digestion of ingested food [1]. As a result, many nutritional partnerships are considered to have played a significant role in the ecological diversification of insects by mediating the host’s subsistence on novel, and often nutritionally deficient, food sources [2]. Like other an ...
... detoxification and digestion of ingested food [1]. As a result, many nutritional partnerships are considered to have played a significant role in the ecological diversification of insects by mediating the host’s subsistence on novel, and often nutritionally deficient, food sources [2]. Like other an ...
Gene Section TMPRSS2 (transmembrane protease, serine 2) Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics
... Multidomain structure of human TTSPs. Human TTSPs were grouped into four subfamilies based on similarity in domain structure and phylogenetic analysis of the serine protease domains, namely the matriptase, corin, hepsin/TMPRSS and HAT/DESC subfamilies. Consensus domains are shown below. Each diagram ...
... Multidomain structure of human TTSPs. Human TTSPs were grouped into four subfamilies based on similarity in domain structure and phylogenetic analysis of the serine protease domains, namely the matriptase, corin, hepsin/TMPRSS and HAT/DESC subfamilies. Consensus domains are shown below. Each diagram ...
Crenarchaeal CdvA Forms Double-Helical Filaments Containing
... Introduction The Archaea constitute one of three domains of life, along with Eukarya and Bacteria [1]. Although Archaea resemble Bacteria in terms of size, cell structure and genome organization, they are often much more similar to Eukarya at the molecular level. This is true both for informational ...
... Introduction The Archaea constitute one of three domains of life, along with Eukarya and Bacteria [1]. Although Archaea resemble Bacteria in terms of size, cell structure and genome organization, they are often much more similar to Eukarya at the molecular level. This is true both for informational ...
Initiation of Plant Disease Resistance by Physical Interaction of
... Disease resistance in many plant-pathogen interactions results from the expression of a resistance (R) gene in the plant and a corresponding avirulence (avr) gene in the pathogen (1) and is often associated with the rapid, localized cell death of the hypersensitive response (HR). R genes that respon ...
... Disease resistance in many plant-pathogen interactions results from the expression of a resistance (R) gene in the plant and a corresponding avirulence (avr) gene in the pathogen (1) and is often associated with the rapid, localized cell death of the hypersensitive response (HR). R genes that respon ...
Information Extraction in Biology
... the activation of Rap1 by C3G the GTPase-activating protein rhoGAP the stress-activated group of MAP kinases ...
... the activation of Rap1 by C3G the GTPase-activating protein rhoGAP the stress-activated group of MAP kinases ...
Playing Biology’s Name Game: Identifying Protein Names In
... An accompanying automatic curation procedure based on a simple token model of protein names An efficient search algorithm to analyze all abstracts in MEDLINE Parameters are optimized using machine learning techniques ...
... An accompanying automatic curation procedure based on a simple token model of protein names An efficient search algorithm to analyze all abstracts in MEDLINE Parameters are optimized using machine learning techniques ...
Cell and Cell Chemistry
... • The term hydrophilic refers to polar molecules attracted to water and interact with it. • The term hydrophobic refers to nonpolar molecules that are not attracted to water and therefore don’t interact with it. (oil and water) BIO 102 Lec 2:Cell & Cell Chemistry HANDOUT ...
... • The term hydrophilic refers to polar molecules attracted to water and interact with it. • The term hydrophobic refers to nonpolar molecules that are not attracted to water and therefore don’t interact with it. (oil and water) BIO 102 Lec 2:Cell & Cell Chemistry HANDOUT ...
Template for PowerPoint Use
... Types of Animals Transgene and Method of Introduction=Type of transgenic Animal Made ...
... Types of Animals Transgene and Method of Introduction=Type of transgenic Animal Made ...
Document
... -a human gene is also known as a transcription unit = stretch of DNA that is transcribed into RNA -a transcription units is comprised of: 1. coding sequence – gives rise to protein strand upon translation -contains regions of code = “exons” – code for amino acids -and regions of junk = “introns” – s ...
... -a human gene is also known as a transcription unit = stretch of DNA that is transcribed into RNA -a transcription units is comprised of: 1. coding sequence – gives rise to protein strand upon translation -contains regions of code = “exons” – code for amino acids -and regions of junk = “introns” – s ...
Study Guide for Transcription.
... --in RNA, U and G can base-pair. There are also other unusual pairings that occur in RNA but not in DNA --single stranded RNA has secondary structure: stem-loops form when bases pair up. Also, a pseudoknot forms when the bases of a loop pair with a different part of the RNA molecule. --RNA molecules ...
... --in RNA, U and G can base-pair. There are also other unusual pairings that occur in RNA but not in DNA --single stranded RNA has secondary structure: stem-loops form when bases pair up. Also, a pseudoknot forms when the bases of a loop pair with a different part of the RNA molecule. --RNA molecules ...
Salman Razzaque - The Gene Patent Problem: Recommendations for Congress
... With the advent of biotechnology, the issue of patenting biological objects arose with the landmark case of Diamond v Chakrabarty in 1982. Ananda Chakrabarty had genetically engineering a bacterium capable of metabolizing crude oil, which could be used to treat oil spills. He then filed for a patent ...
... With the advent of biotechnology, the issue of patenting biological objects arose with the landmark case of Diamond v Chakrabarty in 1982. Ananda Chakrabarty had genetically engineering a bacterium capable of metabolizing crude oil, which could be used to treat oil spills. He then filed for a patent ...
From Gene to Protein—Transcription and Translation
... To model the process of transcription, you and your partner will need o a page showing an RNA polymerase molecule inside a nucleus (see picture below) o a paper strip showing the single strand of DNA labeled "Beginning of Hemoglobin Gene" o RNA nucleotides and tape. One of you will act as the RN ...
... To model the process of transcription, you and your partner will need o a page showing an RNA polymerase molecule inside a nucleus (see picture below) o a paper strip showing the single strand of DNA labeled "Beginning of Hemoglobin Gene" o RNA nucleotides and tape. One of you will act as the RN ...
Gene regulatory network
A gene regulatory network or genetic regulatory network (GRN) is a collection of regulators thatinteract with each other and with other substances in the cell to govern the gene expression levels of mRNA and proteins.The regulator can be DNA, RNA, protein and their complex. The interaction can be direct or indirect (through their transcribed RNA or translated protein).In general, each mRNA molecule goes on to make a specific protein (or set of proteins). In some cases this protein will be structural, and will accumulate at the cell membrane or within the cell to give it particular structural properties. In other cases the protein will be an enzyme, i.e., a micro-machine that catalyses a certain reaction, such as the breakdown of a food source or toxin. Some proteins though serve only to activate other genes, and these are the transcription factors that are the main players in regulatory networks or cascades. By binding to the promoter region at the start of other genes they turn them on, initiating the production of another protein, and so on. Some transcription factors are inhibitory.In single-celled organisms, regulatory networks respond to the external environment, optimising the cell at a given time for survival in this environment. Thus a yeast cell, finding itself in a sugar solution, will turn on genes to make enzymes that process the sugar to alcohol. This process, which we associate with wine-making, is how the yeast cell makes its living, gaining energy to multiply, which under normal circumstances would enhance its survival prospects.In multicellular animals the same principle has been put in the service of gene cascades that control body-shape. Each time a cell divides, two cells result which, although they contain the same genome in full, can differ in which genes are turned on and making proteins. Sometimes a 'self-sustaining feedback loop' ensures that a cell maintains its identity and passes it on. Less understood is the mechanism of epigenetics by which chromatin modification may provide cellular memory by blocking or allowing transcription. A major feature of multicellular animals is the use of morphogen gradients, which in effect provide a positioning system that tells a cell where in the body it is, and hence what sort of cell to become. A gene that is turned on in one cell may make a product that leaves the cell and diffuses through adjacent cells, entering them and turning on genes only when it is present above a certain threshold level. These cells are thus induced into a new fate, and may even generate other morphogens that signal back to the original cell. Over longer distances morphogens may use the active process of signal transduction. Such signalling controls embryogenesis, the building of a body plan from scratch through a series of sequential steps. They also control and maintain adult bodies through feedback processes, and the loss of such feedback because of a mutation can be responsible for the cell proliferation that is seen in cancer. In parallel with this process of building structure, the gene cascade turns on genes that make structural proteins that give each cell the physical properties it needs.It has been suggested that, because biological molecular interactions are intrinsically stochastic, gene networks are the result of cellular processes and not their cause (i.e. cellular Darwinism). However, recent experimental evidence has favored the attractor view of cell fates.