DNA Specificity of the Bicoid Activator Protein Is Determined by
... at position 1 and still activated a Bicoid site target. LexABicoid mutant A5 contained a Lys+Ala substitution at position 5 and also activated a Bicoid site target but at reduced levels. However, activation by this mutant was also reduced using a LexA site target, perhaps because the protein is less ...
... at position 1 and still activated a Bicoid site target. LexABicoid mutant A5 contained a Lys+Ala substitution at position 5 and also activated a Bicoid site target but at reduced levels. However, activation by this mutant was also reduced using a LexA site target, perhaps because the protein is less ...
The Mouse Prolactin Gene Family Locus
... ROLACTIN (PRL) IS a hormone/cytokine responsible for the coordination of a wide range of biological processes in vertebrates. In the mouse, rat, cow, and likely other mammalian species, there are large families of paralogous genes closely related to PRL (1). The proteins encoded by the PRL family ge ...
... ROLACTIN (PRL) IS a hormone/cytokine responsible for the coordination of a wide range of biological processes in vertebrates. In the mouse, rat, cow, and likely other mammalian species, there are large families of paralogous genes closely related to PRL (1). The proteins encoded by the PRL family ge ...
European Journal of Biochemistry
... PhoE * protein can be isolated coiiiplcxcd with peptidoglycan c o n t a i n s ;I gene of which (he p a r t left from thc & / I 1 hilt is replaced (Fig.?A, lane e). (d) As we will show later, PhoE" protein by the corresponding part oi' the mutapmired pi7oE p i e ( c i functions a s a pore for several ...
... PhoE * protein can be isolated coiiiplcxcd with peptidoglycan c o n t a i n s ;I gene of which (he p a r t left from thc & / I 1 hilt is replaced (Fig.?A, lane e). (d) As we will show later, PhoE" protein by the corresponding part oi' the mutapmired pi7oE p i e ( c i functions a s a pore for several ...
Biochemical fossils of the ancient transition from geoenergetics to
... vexing ubiquity of chemiosmotic coupling among modern cells [114]. From our standpoint, having a link to modern microbes is important, because very many different possible sources of energy for early biochemical systems can be envisaged, including polyphosphates [12], photochemical ZnS oxidation [12 ...
... vexing ubiquity of chemiosmotic coupling among modern cells [114]. From our standpoint, having a link to modern microbes is important, because very many different possible sources of energy for early biochemical systems can be envisaged, including polyphosphates [12], photochemical ZnS oxidation [12 ...
Supplemental Materials
... There is a disease called malaria that is caused by a parasite that infects red blood cells. Malaria is a major killer of people in tropical regions like Africa. When the red blood cells are sickled, they are destroyed along with the parasites inside. People in Africa that have sickled red blood cel ...
... There is a disease called malaria that is caused by a parasite that infects red blood cells. Malaria is a major killer of people in tropical regions like Africa. When the red blood cells are sickled, they are destroyed along with the parasites inside. People in Africa that have sickled red blood cel ...
Cloning and Effective Induction of Escherichia coli
... the expression of the desired gene placed under the control of the strong T7, lac or tac promoter. The advantage of using this synthetic inducer is that it cannot be hydrolyzed by β-galactosidase.13 However, the use of IPTG for the large-scale production of human therapeutic proteins is undesirable ...
... the expression of the desired gene placed under the control of the strong T7, lac or tac promoter. The advantage of using this synthetic inducer is that it cannot be hydrolyzed by β-galactosidase.13 However, the use of IPTG for the large-scale production of human therapeutic proteins is undesirable ...
Mittenthal, J.E., Clarke, B., Waddell, T., and Fawcett, G.
... The g-reactions of a C-paranet redistribute the carbon atoms in the reacting metabolites. Each of these metabolites is only speci"ed by the number of carbon atoms it contains. Conversion of a Cto an R-paranet proceeds through the following stages, here as in our work on the pentose phosphate pathway ...
... The g-reactions of a C-paranet redistribute the carbon atoms in the reacting metabolites. Each of these metabolites is only speci"ed by the number of carbon atoms it contains. Conversion of a Cto an R-paranet proceeds through the following stages, here as in our work on the pentose phosphate pathway ...
methodology for high-quality RNA extraction from poultry whole
... degraded RNA (RIN 3.82). A significant two-way interaction was observed for the RIN. The RIN was acceptable for further downstream applications only when the cleanup treatment was applied alone for RNA purification (Table). Although a lower concentration of RNA was extracted, an acceptable RIN is nece ...
... degraded RNA (RIN 3.82). A significant two-way interaction was observed for the RIN. The RIN was acceptable for further downstream applications only when the cleanup treatment was applied alone for RNA purification (Table). Although a lower concentration of RNA was extracted, an acceptable RIN is nece ...
Answers - Study of Life
... Tobacco mosaic virus has RNA rather than DNA as its genetic material. If the RNA genome from a tobacco mosaic virus is mixed with proteins from a human rhinovirus, the result is a mixed virus. If that virus could infect a cell and reproduce, what would you expect the resulting viruses to be like? [a ...
... Tobacco mosaic virus has RNA rather than DNA as its genetic material. If the RNA genome from a tobacco mosaic virus is mixed with proteins from a human rhinovirus, the result is a mixed virus. If that virus could infect a cell and reproduce, what would you expect the resulting viruses to be like? [a ...
Defined, consistent quality SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY
... Compared to land plants, C. reinhardtii grows at a much faster rate, doubling cell numbers in approximately 8 hours under heterotrophic growth conditions and 12 hours under photosynthetic growth conditions. As C. reinhardtii propagates vegetatively, the time from initial transformation to product pr ...
... Compared to land plants, C. reinhardtii grows at a much faster rate, doubling cell numbers in approximately 8 hours under heterotrophic growth conditions and 12 hours under photosynthetic growth conditions. As C. reinhardtii propagates vegetatively, the time from initial transformation to product pr ...
video slide - Greenwood School District 50 / Overview
... Gel electrophoresis separates macromolecules on the basis of their rate of movement through a gel in an electric field. How far a DNA molecule travels while the current is on is inversely proportional to its length. A mixture of DNA molecules, usually fragments produced by restriction enzyme digesti ...
... Gel electrophoresis separates macromolecules on the basis of their rate of movement through a gel in an electric field. How far a DNA molecule travels while the current is on is inversely proportional to its length. A mixture of DNA molecules, usually fragments produced by restriction enzyme digesti ...
Antigenic Properties of Mycoplasma Organisms and Membranes
... in 0.25 M-NaCl to a protein concentration of 20 mg./ml. as determined by the method of Lowry, Rosebrough, Farr & Randall (195I). Thiomersalate in final concentration of I O - ~ (w/v) was added to prevent bacterial growth, and the suspension kept at 4" until used. One volume of this suspension was ad ...
... in 0.25 M-NaCl to a protein concentration of 20 mg./ml. as determined by the method of Lowry, Rosebrough, Farr & Randall (195I). Thiomersalate in final concentration of I O - ~ (w/v) was added to prevent bacterial growth, and the suspension kept at 4" until used. One volume of this suspension was ad ...
PDF File
... critical to the tissue engineering and regeneration field. The delivery of biological signals from scaffolds and matrices to control these processes is thus an active research area. Our group has developed new ÔsmartÕ polymeric carriers to more effectively deliver and broaden the available types of ...
... critical to the tissue engineering and regeneration field. The delivery of biological signals from scaffolds and matrices to control these processes is thus an active research area. Our group has developed new ÔsmartÕ polymeric carriers to more effectively deliver and broaden the available types of ...
The different roles of tryptophan transfer RNA in regulating trp
... relieved but not transcription termination; repression relief will provide sufficient charged tRNATrp for continued protein synthesis. Under extreme starvation conditions, when neither tryptophan nor charged tRNATrp is available for protein synthesis, both repression and transcription termination wi ...
... relieved but not transcription termination; repression relief will provide sufficient charged tRNATrp for continued protein synthesis. Under extreme starvation conditions, when neither tryptophan nor charged tRNATrp is available for protein synthesis, both repression and transcription termination wi ...
Characterisation of the Aspergillus niger dapB gene, which encodes
... (Kreil 1990). They have been classified according to their substrate specificity. Dipeptidyl aminopeptidases of type IV (DPP IV) cleave immediately C-terminal to an Ala or a Pro residue, releasing N-terminal X-Ala or X-Pro dipeptides. Due to their unique structural features, proline residues often pro ...
... (Kreil 1990). They have been classified according to their substrate specificity. Dipeptidyl aminopeptidases of type IV (DPP IV) cleave immediately C-terminal to an Ala or a Pro residue, releasing N-terminal X-Ala or X-Pro dipeptides. Due to their unique structural features, proline residues often pro ...
Arg 41 - Saudi Medical Journal
... recessive disorder with the cardinal manifestations of metabolic acidosis without ketonuria, hypoglycemia, and a characteristic pattern of elevated urinary organic acid metabolites, which include 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric, 3-methylglutaric and 3-hydroxyisovaleric acids. Urinary levels of 3-methylcr ...
... recessive disorder with the cardinal manifestations of metabolic acidosis without ketonuria, hypoglycemia, and a characteristic pattern of elevated urinary organic acid metabolites, which include 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric, 3-methylglutaric and 3-hydroxyisovaleric acids. Urinary levels of 3-methylcr ...
Current Topics in the Biology of Disease CH400
... • The binding of a suitable ligand to the specific receptor on the cell surface causes a signal transduction to the death domain and the activation of a pro-caspase activity. • Fas receptors are closely associated with a procaspase 8 activity, and TNF receptors associated with a pro-caspase 2 activi ...
... • The binding of a suitable ligand to the specific receptor on the cell surface causes a signal transduction to the death domain and the activation of a pro-caspase activity. • Fas receptors are closely associated with a procaspase 8 activity, and TNF receptors associated with a pro-caspase 2 activi ...
Can sugars be produced from fatty acids? A test case for pathway
... would be able to consume that substrate or leading to that product. Graph theory is another approach to studying metabolic networks based on the concept that these networks can be described as a simple graph (where nodes and edges represent metabolites and reactions, respectively) or as a bipartite ...
... would be able to consume that substrate or leading to that product. Graph theory is another approach to studying metabolic networks based on the concept that these networks can be described as a simple graph (where nodes and edges represent metabolites and reactions, respectively) or as a bipartite ...
Ketoglutarate Dehydrogenase Complex
... with a number of neurological disorders. KGDHC is composed of three proteins, each encoded on a different and well-characterized gene. The sequences of the human proteins are known. The organization of the proteins into a large, ordered multienzyme complex (a “metabolon”) has been well studied in pr ...
... with a number of neurological disorders. KGDHC is composed of three proteins, each encoded on a different and well-characterized gene. The sequences of the human proteins are known. The organization of the proteins into a large, ordered multienzyme complex (a “metabolon”) has been well studied in pr ...
Catabolic Plasmids - UQ eSpace
... because the levels are insufficient to induce the production of specific enzymes which allow its use as a source of carbon and energy for growth. For the organochlorine herbicide 2,4-D, which is applied at high concentrations, degradation takes 8–12 weeks. However, after three or four serial applicatio ...
... because the levels are insufficient to induce the production of specific enzymes which allow its use as a source of carbon and energy for growth. For the organochlorine herbicide 2,4-D, which is applied at high concentrations, degradation takes 8–12 weeks. However, after three or four serial applicatio ...
Leukaemia Section t(14;22)(q32;q11) Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology
... Fusion protein Note Rearrangements of the three immunoglobulin genes IGK (2p12), IGH (14q32), and IGL (22q11) are often seen, especially in NHL, but it is uncommon that these genes are recombined with each other. None of these genes are known oncogenes, so how juxtaposition or fusion of the IGH and ...
... Fusion protein Note Rearrangements of the three immunoglobulin genes IGK (2p12), IGH (14q32), and IGL (22q11) are often seen, especially in NHL, but it is uncommon that these genes are recombined with each other. None of these genes are known oncogenes, so how juxtaposition or fusion of the IGH and ...
Can sugars be produced from fatty acids? A test
... via PEP, one more mole of OAA would be needed. This cannot be formed at steady state, though. Another explanation is that two carbons enter the Krebs cycle by AcCoA and two leave it in the form of CO2 (not shown in the Figures). Therefore, no carbon net flux can go to glucose. Nevertheless, if AcCoA ...
... via PEP, one more mole of OAA would be needed. This cannot be formed at steady state, though. Another explanation is that two carbons enter the Krebs cycle by AcCoA and two leave it in the form of CO2 (not shown in the Figures). Therefore, no carbon net flux can go to glucose. Nevertheless, if AcCoA ...
Gene regulatory network
A gene regulatory network or genetic regulatory network (GRN) is a collection of regulators thatinteract with each other and with other substances in the cell to govern the gene expression levels of mRNA and proteins.The regulator can be DNA, RNA, protein and their complex. The interaction can be direct or indirect (through their transcribed RNA or translated protein).In general, each mRNA molecule goes on to make a specific protein (or set of proteins). In some cases this protein will be structural, and will accumulate at the cell membrane or within the cell to give it particular structural properties. In other cases the protein will be an enzyme, i.e., a micro-machine that catalyses a certain reaction, such as the breakdown of a food source or toxin. Some proteins though serve only to activate other genes, and these are the transcription factors that are the main players in regulatory networks or cascades. By binding to the promoter region at the start of other genes they turn them on, initiating the production of another protein, and so on. Some transcription factors are inhibitory.In single-celled organisms, regulatory networks respond to the external environment, optimising the cell at a given time for survival in this environment. Thus a yeast cell, finding itself in a sugar solution, will turn on genes to make enzymes that process the sugar to alcohol. This process, which we associate with wine-making, is how the yeast cell makes its living, gaining energy to multiply, which under normal circumstances would enhance its survival prospects.In multicellular animals the same principle has been put in the service of gene cascades that control body-shape. Each time a cell divides, two cells result which, although they contain the same genome in full, can differ in which genes are turned on and making proteins. Sometimes a 'self-sustaining feedback loop' ensures that a cell maintains its identity and passes it on. Less understood is the mechanism of epigenetics by which chromatin modification may provide cellular memory by blocking or allowing transcription. A major feature of multicellular animals is the use of morphogen gradients, which in effect provide a positioning system that tells a cell where in the body it is, and hence what sort of cell to become. A gene that is turned on in one cell may make a product that leaves the cell and diffuses through adjacent cells, entering them and turning on genes only when it is present above a certain threshold level. These cells are thus induced into a new fate, and may even generate other morphogens that signal back to the original cell. Over longer distances morphogens may use the active process of signal transduction. Such signalling controls embryogenesis, the building of a body plan from scratch through a series of sequential steps. They also control and maintain adult bodies through feedback processes, and the loss of such feedback because of a mutation can be responsible for the cell proliferation that is seen in cancer. In parallel with this process of building structure, the gene cascade turns on genes that make structural proteins that give each cell the physical properties it needs.It has been suggested that, because biological molecular interactions are intrinsically stochastic, gene networks are the result of cellular processes and not their cause (i.e. cellular Darwinism). However, recent experimental evidence has favored the attractor view of cell fates.