Annotation guidelines - Systems Biology and Bioinformatics
... around the synthesis and usage of metabolite in text. This defined type is shown in hierarchical relationships between annotation types (Figure 3). It is noted that those nodes with shown in all capitals are for organizational purposes only without assignable type. ...
... around the synthesis and usage of metabolite in text. This defined type is shown in hierarchical relationships between annotation types (Figure 3). It is noted that those nodes with shown in all capitals are for organizational purposes only without assignable type. ...
Iron-sulfur proteins and the role of iron in the gene expression of
... genome sequence. To predict hydrogenosomal localization of putative gene products, we developed an application “Hunter” for the in silico searching for N-terminal presequences that are required for protein targeting into the hydrogenosomes. This approach substantially contributed to annotate genes c ...
... genome sequence. To predict hydrogenosomal localization of putative gene products, we developed an application “Hunter” for the in silico searching for N-terminal presequences that are required for protein targeting into the hydrogenosomes. This approach substantially contributed to annotate genes c ...
Regulation of Maltose Transport and Metabolism in Saccharomyces
... (6). With the addition of glucose into the maltose medium, total inactivation of maltose transport system occurs in 90 min (7,8). During that period maltase activity remains almost unchanged. When the cells are shifted back into the pure maltose medium, fast regeneration of maltose transport system ...
... (6). With the addition of glucose into the maltose medium, total inactivation of maltose transport system occurs in 90 min (7,8). During that period maltase activity remains almost unchanged. When the cells are shifted back into the pure maltose medium, fast regeneration of maltose transport system ...
Putrescine oxidase of Micrococcus rubens : primary
... ligated mixture was then introduced by transformation into E. coli JM 109 and ampicillin-resistant transformants were selected on 2 x YT medium containing 50 pg ampicillin ml-'. Colony hybridization (Grunstein & Hogness, 1975) with the 32P-labelledprobe designed for the NH,-terminal amino acid seque ...
... ligated mixture was then introduced by transformation into E. coli JM 109 and ampicillin-resistant transformants were selected on 2 x YT medium containing 50 pg ampicillin ml-'. Colony hybridization (Grunstein & Hogness, 1975) with the 32P-labelledprobe designed for the NH,-terminal amino acid seque ...
Predicting the impact of diet and enzymopathies on human small
... to aid in the digestion and absorption of fat with their emulsifying properties. The bile acids are then actively absorbed by the enterocytes, but half of the bile acids can also diffuse through the lumen into the enterocytes. Bile acids are then sent back to the liver via the portal circulation, pe ...
... to aid in the digestion and absorption of fat with their emulsifying properties. The bile acids are then actively absorbed by the enterocytes, but half of the bile acids can also diffuse through the lumen into the enterocytes. Bile acids are then sent back to the liver via the portal circulation, pe ...
Document
... iProof Polymerase provides 3’ to 5’ exonuclease activity unlike Taq polymerases. This proofreading function allows it to correct nucleotide misincorporation errors for much higher fidelity of amplification. ...
... iProof Polymerase provides 3’ to 5’ exonuclease activity unlike Taq polymerases. This proofreading function allows it to correct nucleotide misincorporation errors for much higher fidelity of amplification. ...
34750 - Radboud Repository
... chain, and the Fe-S cluster assembly pathways. Some studies have focused on the subsequent evolution from the alphaproteobacteria of some mitochondrial pathways such as the electron transport chain [10,11]. However, no comprehensive analysis has been performed so far to analyze the proteomic transit ...
... chain, and the Fe-S cluster assembly pathways. Some studies have focused on the subsequent evolution from the alphaproteobacteria of some mitochondrial pathways such as the electron transport chain [10,11]. However, no comprehensive analysis has been performed so far to analyze the proteomic transit ...
DNA sequencing revealed a definitive
... Figure 4. Similarity matrix for the amino acid sequences of the homeo domains of iab-7 and its deuterostome cognates. Numbers represent % aa positional identity, which is 100 x the number of matched aa/60 aa. 72% aa positional identity, respectively (26,28,30,31,32). Also, the HB4 homeo domain share ...
... Figure 4. Similarity matrix for the amino acid sequences of the homeo domains of iab-7 and its deuterostome cognates. Numbers represent % aa positional identity, which is 100 x the number of matched aa/60 aa. 72% aa positional identity, respectively (26,28,30,31,32). Also, the HB4 homeo domain share ...
Protein Acetylation as an Integral Part of Metabolism in Cancer
... tissues, biological systems and also across cancer types and grades. In a variety of primary cancer tissues it has been shown that lower cellular levels of histone acetylation, suggesting reduced gene expression, can be associated with more aggressive cancers and poorer clinical outcomes [26,27,28] ...
... tissues, biological systems and also across cancer types and grades. In a variety of primary cancer tissues it has been shown that lower cellular levels of histone acetylation, suggesting reduced gene expression, can be associated with more aggressive cancers and poorer clinical outcomes [26,27,28] ...
Assuring agricultural and food safety of genetically modified
... In South Africa, resistance towards GM crops, food and feed has been voiced by numerous groups, which include the Landless People’s Movement, the South African Peace Network, Earthlife Africa and Food and Trees for Africa (www.acbio.org.za). An example of the ressitance was seen in a letter written ...
... In South Africa, resistance towards GM crops, food and feed has been voiced by numerous groups, which include the Landless People’s Movement, the South African Peace Network, Earthlife Africa and Food and Trees for Africa (www.acbio.org.za). An example of the ressitance was seen in a letter written ...
BMC Evolutionary Biology D- and L-lactate dehydrogenases during invertebrate evolution
... It is commonly accepted that new metabolic capacities of L-LDH enzymes have often arisen by gene duplications in addition to more orthodox evolutionary changes in existing genes. For this reason the Ldh gene family has been used as a model for gene duplication in vertebrate evolution [8,10]. It is g ...
... It is commonly accepted that new metabolic capacities of L-LDH enzymes have often arisen by gene duplications in addition to more orthodox evolutionary changes in existing genes. For this reason the Ldh gene family has been used as a model for gene duplication in vertebrate evolution [8,10]. It is g ...
Selection at the Wobble Position of Codons Read by the Same tRNA
... (Velculescu et al. 1997). These data, which were obtained under three different growth conditions (logarithmic, G2/M transition, and stationary), refer to a total of 60,633 yeast mRNAs, each represented by a sequence tag of 10 nt preceded by a four-base N1aIII restriction site. Tags associated with ...
... (Velculescu et al. 1997). These data, which were obtained under three different growth conditions (logarithmic, G2/M transition, and stationary), refer to a total of 60,633 yeast mRNAs, each represented by a sequence tag of 10 nt preceded by a four-base N1aIII restriction site. Tags associated with ...
Bioinformatics: Molecular Computational Tools (Module II)
... help search through genome databases, design primers for PCR, translate a DNA sequence into an amino acid sequence (and vice versa), identify conserved regions in the amino acid sequence (domains), etc. In this lab, you will see how genome databases are organized, annotated, searched, and used by a ...
... help search through genome databases, design primers for PCR, translate a DNA sequence into an amino acid sequence (and vice versa), identify conserved regions in the amino acid sequence (domains), etc. In this lab, you will see how genome databases are organized, annotated, searched, and used by a ...
PDF - FEMS Microbiology Letters
... Production of b-phenylethylamine and tyramine by Entercoccus faecium strains Tyramine-producing Enterococcus faecium strains were isolated in a wide screening of biogenic amine production by lactic acid bacteria isolated from grape must and wine (Marcobal et al., 2004). As Ent. faecium strains had a ...
... Production of b-phenylethylamine and tyramine by Entercoccus faecium strains Tyramine-producing Enterococcus faecium strains were isolated in a wide screening of biogenic amine production by lactic acid bacteria isolated from grape must and wine (Marcobal et al., 2004). As Ent. faecium strains had a ...
bioinformatics module ii - Tetrahymena Genome Database
... help search through genome databases, design primers for PCR, translate a DNA sequence into an amino acid sequence (and vice versa), identify conserved regions in the amino acid sequence (domains), etc. In this lab, you will see how genome databases are organized, annotated, searched, and used by a ...
... help search through genome databases, design primers for PCR, translate a DNA sequence into an amino acid sequence (and vice versa), identify conserved regions in the amino acid sequence (domains), etc. In this lab, you will see how genome databases are organized, annotated, searched, and used by a ...
Roles of phosphatidate phosphatase enzymes in lipid metabolism
... [14] (see later). The PAP enzymes are also involved in lipid signaling in mammalian cells as part of the phospholipase D and PAP pathway, where they generate DAG for the activation of protein kinase C [15–17]. In addition, PAP activity can attenuate the bioactive functions of PtdOH, which include pr ...
... [14] (see later). The PAP enzymes are also involved in lipid signaling in mammalian cells as part of the phospholipase D and PAP pathway, where they generate DAG for the activation of protein kinase C [15–17]. In addition, PAP activity can attenuate the bioactive functions of PtdOH, which include pr ...
this help page as PDF
... exons and introns and shows where discrepancies are located. It also shows the identifiers of the target sequences. In order not to make small exons vanish when very large intronic stretches are found, the scaling of introns end exons is automatically balanced to make the picture visually meaningful ...
... exons and introns and shows where discrepancies are located. It also shows the identifiers of the target sequences. In order not to make small exons vanish when very large intronic stretches are found, the scaling of introns end exons is automatically balanced to make the picture visually meaningful ...
Table 6. Ascus type distribution of Table 4. Linkage of colony morphology
... and F. oxysporum using medium containing chlorate, a toxic analog of nitrate (Klittich The clearest complementation reactions are and Leslie 1988 Genetics 118: in press). obtained when one nit mutant is deficient in a gene for production of a molybdenum cofactor (nitM) and the other nit mutant is de ...
... and F. oxysporum using medium containing chlorate, a toxic analog of nitrate (Klittich The clearest complementation reactions are and Leslie 1988 Genetics 118: in press). obtained when one nit mutant is deficient in a gene for production of a molybdenum cofactor (nitM) and the other nit mutant is de ...
Constrained transcription factor spacing is prevalent and important
... regulation, and they have long been known as essential regulators of cell fate decisions in the haematopoietic system. TF proteins form complexes, bind regulatory DNA sequences on enhancers and promoter regions and help to recruit the basic transcriptional machinery to control the expression of near ...
... regulation, and they have long been known as essential regulators of cell fate decisions in the haematopoietic system. TF proteins form complexes, bind regulatory DNA sequences on enhancers and promoter regions and help to recruit the basic transcriptional machinery to control the expression of near ...
mschi
... relatively easily on a laboratory scale, such procedures are significantly more difficult and expensive when translated to large-scale fermentation processes. As such, the development of robust strains that can perform equally well in a single medium formulation is absolutely required for this process ...
... relatively easily on a laboratory scale, such procedures are significantly more difficult and expensive when translated to large-scale fermentation processes. As such, the development of robust strains that can perform equally well in a single medium formulation is absolutely required for this process ...
A family of diatom-like silicon transporters in the siliceous loricate
... transport. Silicifying organisms, therefore, require an active transport mechanism to take up silicon from the external environment and to concentrate silicon within the SDV. Because silicic acid is a relatively inert species, with no known biochemical role outside that of biomineralization [4,5], s ...
... transport. Silicifying organisms, therefore, require an active transport mechanism to take up silicon from the external environment and to concentrate silicon within the SDV. Because silicic acid is a relatively inert species, with no known biochemical role outside that of biomineralization [4,5], s ...
The Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome and X-Linked
... platelets are small and who either are free of eczema6”’ or have a history of only mild and transient Most patients with XLT have normal susceptibility to infections and normal immune functions. The gene for XLT has been mapped to Xpll.22, the same band to which the classic WAS phenotype had been ma ...
... platelets are small and who either are free of eczema6”’ or have a history of only mild and transient Most patients with XLT have normal susceptibility to infections and normal immune functions. The gene for XLT has been mapped to Xpll.22, the same band to which the classic WAS phenotype had been ma ...
Three multidomain esterases from the cellulolytic
... CesA, XynE and XynB multidomain esterases (Fig. 4). All five include at least one potential calcium-binding motif, and show limited homology with dockerins from cellulolytic Clostridium spp. (Bayer et al., 1998a). A phylogenetic comparison including typical type I (LicB) and type II (CipA) dockerins ...
... CesA, XynE and XynB multidomain esterases (Fig. 4). All five include at least one potential calcium-binding motif, and show limited homology with dockerins from cellulolytic Clostridium spp. (Bayer et al., 1998a). A phylogenetic comparison including typical type I (LicB) and type II (CipA) dockerins ...
Oncogenic regulation of tumor metabolic reprogramming
... the interaction between genetic susceptibility and environmental factors in which a clear hereditary pattern is not found. This complexity causes difficulties in the risk evaluation, diagnosis and treatment of these diseases. Cancer, one of the most prevalent multifactorial diseases, is characterize ...
... the interaction between genetic susceptibility and environmental factors in which a clear hereditary pattern is not found. This complexity causes difficulties in the risk evaluation, diagnosis and treatment of these diseases. Cancer, one of the most prevalent multifactorial diseases, is characterize ...
Central Dogma of Molecular Biology Chapter 28 DNA Replication
... Moreover, the same pre-mRNA can be spliced differently in various cell types, at different stages of development, or in response to other biological signals. (Alternative Splicing) In addition, individual bases in some pre-mRNA molecules are changed in a process called RNA editing. One of the bigges ...
... Moreover, the same pre-mRNA can be spliced differently in various cell types, at different stages of development, or in response to other biological signals. (Alternative Splicing) In addition, individual bases in some pre-mRNA molecules are changed in a process called RNA editing. One of the bigges ...
Gene regulatory network
A gene regulatory network or genetic regulatory network (GRN) is a collection of regulators thatinteract with each other and with other substances in the cell to govern the gene expression levels of mRNA and proteins.The regulator can be DNA, RNA, protein and their complex. The interaction can be direct or indirect (through their transcribed RNA or translated protein).In general, each mRNA molecule goes on to make a specific protein (or set of proteins). In some cases this protein will be structural, and will accumulate at the cell membrane or within the cell to give it particular structural properties. In other cases the protein will be an enzyme, i.e., a micro-machine that catalyses a certain reaction, such as the breakdown of a food source or toxin. Some proteins though serve only to activate other genes, and these are the transcription factors that are the main players in regulatory networks or cascades. By binding to the promoter region at the start of other genes they turn them on, initiating the production of another protein, and so on. Some transcription factors are inhibitory.In single-celled organisms, regulatory networks respond to the external environment, optimising the cell at a given time for survival in this environment. Thus a yeast cell, finding itself in a sugar solution, will turn on genes to make enzymes that process the sugar to alcohol. This process, which we associate with wine-making, is how the yeast cell makes its living, gaining energy to multiply, which under normal circumstances would enhance its survival prospects.In multicellular animals the same principle has been put in the service of gene cascades that control body-shape. Each time a cell divides, two cells result which, although they contain the same genome in full, can differ in which genes are turned on and making proteins. Sometimes a 'self-sustaining feedback loop' ensures that a cell maintains its identity and passes it on. Less understood is the mechanism of epigenetics by which chromatin modification may provide cellular memory by blocking or allowing transcription. A major feature of multicellular animals is the use of morphogen gradients, which in effect provide a positioning system that tells a cell where in the body it is, and hence what sort of cell to become. A gene that is turned on in one cell may make a product that leaves the cell and diffuses through adjacent cells, entering them and turning on genes only when it is present above a certain threshold level. These cells are thus induced into a new fate, and may even generate other morphogens that signal back to the original cell. Over longer distances morphogens may use the active process of signal transduction. Such signalling controls embryogenesis, the building of a body plan from scratch through a series of sequential steps. They also control and maintain adult bodies through feedback processes, and the loss of such feedback because of a mutation can be responsible for the cell proliferation that is seen in cancer. In parallel with this process of building structure, the gene cascade turns on genes that make structural proteins that give each cell the physical properties it needs.It has been suggested that, because biological molecular interactions are intrinsically stochastic, gene networks are the result of cellular processes and not their cause (i.e. cellular Darwinism). However, recent experimental evidence has favored the attractor view of cell fates.