Core promoter
... either positive DNA elements (such as enhancers) or negative DNA elements (such as silencers). 0.5 - 3.0 kb ...
... either positive DNA elements (such as enhancers) or negative DNA elements (such as silencers). 0.5 - 3.0 kb ...
- Horizon Discovery
... NanoLuc® luciferase is a novel, small, bright luciferase reporter. It is one third the size and 100 times brighter than the most commonly used luciferase, firefly. These features enable the development of homogenous assays for primary and secondary screening, reporting on pathways via the endogenous ...
... NanoLuc® luciferase is a novel, small, bright luciferase reporter. It is one third the size and 100 times brighter than the most commonly used luciferase, firefly. These features enable the development of homogenous assays for primary and secondary screening, reporting on pathways via the endogenous ...
activator
... repressor protein, which turns the operon off • The repressor is active only in the presence of its corepressor tryptophan; thus the trp operon is turned off (repressed) if tryptophan levels are ...
... repressor protein, which turns the operon off • The repressor is active only in the presence of its corepressor tryptophan; thus the trp operon is turned off (repressed) if tryptophan levels are ...
Full text in pdf - International Microbiology
... enzymes that carry out these two sequential steps. Genes cefE and cefF encode proteins with about 70% identity in amino acids, and which are 60% identical to the protein encoded by cefEF in fungi. It is likely that a gene duplication event served as the origin of the two genes, which subsequently be ...
... enzymes that carry out these two sequential steps. Genes cefE and cefF encode proteins with about 70% identity in amino acids, and which are 60% identical to the protein encoded by cefEF in fungi. It is likely that a gene duplication event served as the origin of the two genes, which subsequently be ...
Gene clusters for β-lactam antibiotics and control of their expression
... enzymes that carry out these two sequential steps. Genes cefE and cefF encode proteins with about 70% identity in amino acids, and which are 60% identical to the protein encoded by cefEF in fungi. It is likely that a gene duplication event served as the origin of the two genes, which subsequently be ...
... enzymes that carry out these two sequential steps. Genes cefE and cefF encode proteins with about 70% identity in amino acids, and which are 60% identical to the protein encoded by cefEF in fungi. It is likely that a gene duplication event served as the origin of the two genes, which subsequently be ...
Cloning and Expression Characteristics of the Pig Stra8 Gene
... α-helices of 15–16 residues separated by a loop and is responsible for dimerization of a class of transcription factors called HLH proteins [28]. Therefore, it is possible that Stra8 acts as a transcription factor during the onset of spermatogenesis. Oulad-Abdelghani et al. (1996) [9] showed that St ...
... α-helices of 15–16 residues separated by a loop and is responsible for dimerization of a class of transcription factors called HLH proteins [28]. Therefore, it is possible that Stra8 acts as a transcription factor during the onset of spermatogenesis. Oulad-Abdelghani et al. (1996) [9] showed that St ...
Our laboratory is interested in understanding smooth
... developing mouse lower urogenital tract at gestational age 14 days can be divided into three compartments based on the presence or absence of smooth muscle cells (as revealed by EGFP expression under the control of the SMGA promoter). The developing bladder and urethra regions contain compartments t ...
... developing mouse lower urogenital tract at gestational age 14 days can be divided into three compartments based on the presence or absence of smooth muscle cells (as revealed by EGFP expression under the control of the SMGA promoter). The developing bladder and urethra regions contain compartments t ...
Cloning and Expression Characteristics of the Pig Stra8 Gene
... α-helices of 15–16 residues separated by a loop and is responsible for dimerization of a class of transcription factors called HLH proteins [28]. Therefore, it is possible that Stra8 acts as a transcription factor during the onset of spermatogenesis. Oulad-Abdelghani et al. (1996) [9] showed that St ...
... α-helices of 15–16 residues separated by a loop and is responsible for dimerization of a class of transcription factors called HLH proteins [28]. Therefore, it is possible that Stra8 acts as a transcription factor during the onset of spermatogenesis. Oulad-Abdelghani et al. (1996) [9] showed that St ...
Procom - Washington University Genetics
... Comparative genomics has proven extremely powerful in several aspects of genomic sciences that include gene prediction and regulatory element identification (Ureta-Vidal et al., 2003). Most comparative genomics studies focus on finding features in common among diverse organisms. Comparisons of close ...
... Comparative genomics has proven extremely powerful in several aspects of genomic sciences that include gene prediction and regulatory element identification (Ureta-Vidal et al., 2003). Most comparative genomics studies focus on finding features in common among diverse organisms. Comparisons of close ...
The 11th lecture in molecular biology
... represent 5%of total RNA non-coding RNAs are transfer RNA (tRNA ) and ribosomal RNA (rRNA), both of which are involved in the process of translation. Structure of m RNA: Messenger RNA carries information from DNA to the ribosome, the sites of protein synthesis (translation) in the cell. The coding s ...
... represent 5%of total RNA non-coding RNAs are transfer RNA (tRNA ) and ribosomal RNA (rRNA), both of which are involved in the process of translation. Structure of m RNA: Messenger RNA carries information from DNA to the ribosome, the sites of protein synthesis (translation) in the cell. The coding s ...
1 Fungi are eukaryotic organisms with approximately 300 000 different species.... 200 are potential parasites, with only a few of these... 1. INTRODUCTION
... have been attributed to the pathogenicity of C. albicans [11, 12]. These include dimorphism, phenotypic switching and immune interference. Dimorphism and phenotypic switching: Candida albicans is a diploid asexual and dimorphic fungus and depending upon environmental conditions, can exist as unicell ...
... have been attributed to the pathogenicity of C. albicans [11, 12]. These include dimorphism, phenotypic switching and immune interference. Dimorphism and phenotypic switching: Candida albicans is a diploid asexual and dimorphic fungus and depending upon environmental conditions, can exist as unicell ...
Biology and computers
... •An additional component of the PSIPRED procedures involves sequence alignment with similar proteins. •The rationale is that some amino acids positions in a sequence contribute more to the final structure than others. (This has been demonstrated by systematic mutation experiments in which each conse ...
... •An additional component of the PSIPRED procedures involves sequence alignment with similar proteins. •The rationale is that some amino acids positions in a sequence contribute more to the final structure than others. (This has been demonstrated by systematic mutation experiments in which each conse ...
Applied and Environmental Microbiology
... with their host and promote plant growth and health by various mechanisms, including the production of substances with phytohormonal activity or antimicrobial substances such as antibiotics (13, 15, 21). The production of HCN in pseudomonads has been reported (5), for example, but it has also been r ...
... with their host and promote plant growth and health by various mechanisms, including the production of substances with phytohormonal activity or antimicrobial substances such as antibiotics (13, 15, 21). The production of HCN in pseudomonads has been reported (5), for example, but it has also been r ...
Glycine-rich proteins as structural components of plant cell walls
... The secondary structure of GRPs The repetitive nature of the glycine-rich domains is likely to allow the formation of a b-pleated sheet structure. The higher-order repeats of ptGRP1, GRP1.8, OsGRP1 and GRP-22 mentioned above are thought to align as antiparallel strands that allow the formation of a ...
... The secondary structure of GRPs The repetitive nature of the glycine-rich domains is likely to allow the formation of a b-pleated sheet structure. The higher-order repeats of ptGRP1, GRP1.8, OsGRP1 and GRP-22 mentioned above are thought to align as antiparallel strands that allow the formation of a ...
PPT - Bioinformatics Research Group at SRI International
... •Model building typically begins by identifying bidirectional best hits with E. coli •Current process results in replication of work, propagation of errors, and extensive manual curation •Bottom line: it currently requires approximately one year to produce a complete model www.theseed.org/models/ ...
... •Model building typically begins by identifying bidirectional best hits with E. coli •Current process results in replication of work, propagation of errors, and extensive manual curation •Bottom line: it currently requires approximately one year to produce a complete model www.theseed.org/models/ ...
Ch. 3 Exchanging Materials with the Environment
... outside of the cell. o No net movement of water - water moves in and out of the cell in equal amounts, at the same rate. ...
... outside of the cell. o No net movement of water - water moves in and out of the cell in equal amounts, at the same rate. ...
SECTION D What Does DNA Do?
... IT IS WIDELY BELIEVED that the breaking of the Enigma Code (the secret code used by the German armed forces) was the single most important event leading to the eventual victory of the Allied Forces in World War II. Whether or not that is true, the breaking of the genetic code in the 1960s surely rat ...
... IT IS WIDELY BELIEVED that the breaking of the Enigma Code (the secret code used by the German armed forces) was the single most important event leading to the eventual victory of the Allied Forces in World War II. Whether or not that is true, the breaking of the genetic code in the 1960s surely rat ...
rtf doc - Institute for Molecular Medicine
... the American soldiers involved in the deep insertions into Iraq--such as the US Army's 101st Airborne Division and 5th Special Forces Group that are suffering from GWI and Chronic Fatigue Symptoms--were positive for mycoplasmal infections, and most have the Mycoplasma fermentans (incognitus strain) ...
... the American soldiers involved in the deep insertions into Iraq--such as the US Army's 101st Airborne Division and 5th Special Forces Group that are suffering from GWI and Chronic Fatigue Symptoms--were positive for mycoplasmal infections, and most have the Mycoplasma fermentans (incognitus strain) ...
The Main Features of the Craniate Mitochondrial
... Some amino acids play important roles in the folding and function of proteins. These residues retain the exact same position among phylogenetically distant species. Considering the triplets coding for those amino acids, one can thus deduce the genetic code used by the four animals studied. Under thi ...
... Some amino acids play important roles in the folding and function of proteins. These residues retain the exact same position among phylogenetically distant species. Considering the triplets coding for those amino acids, one can thus deduce the genetic code used by the four animals studied. Under thi ...
(Heterobasidion annosum) in
... fects of cell line, treatment, dye, slide and block effect, respectively. Double symbols represent the corresponding interaction effects. The terms S, B, SB, SD and BD in Model 1 are considered to be random effects, as are terms S, BS and SD in Model 2; others are fixed effects, and ε and ξ are stoc ...
... fects of cell line, treatment, dye, slide and block effect, respectively. Double symbols represent the corresponding interaction effects. The terms S, B, SB, SD and BD in Model 1 are considered to be random effects, as are terms S, BS and SD in Model 2; others are fixed effects, and ε and ξ are stoc ...
Mutations changes of genetic information
... Increase of repetition number from one generation to the next (anticipation) Does not fit into our concept of classical genetics, molecular biology and mutations More repetitions, more severe disease Only in humans ??? Mostly in noncoding regions Also in exons, but only CAG = Glu ...
... Increase of repetition number from one generation to the next (anticipation) Does not fit into our concept of classical genetics, molecular biology and mutations More repetitions, more severe disease Only in humans ??? Mostly in noncoding regions Also in exons, but only CAG = Glu ...
Characterization of the IEll0 Gene of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1
... (Rixon et al., 1984) on the leftward 5' to 3' strand of IRL, giving a span of 3587 residues. Since the size of the m R N A , including the poly(A) tail, was estimated from agarose gel electrophoresis to be 3 kb (Watson et al., 1979), it seemed probable that the m R N A was spliced. Fig. 2 gives a su ...
... (Rixon et al., 1984) on the leftward 5' to 3' strand of IRL, giving a span of 3587 residues. Since the size of the m R N A , including the poly(A) tail, was estimated from agarose gel electrophoresis to be 3 kb (Watson et al., 1979), it seemed probable that the m R N A was spliced. Fig. 2 gives a su ...
Chapter_17_answers
... o Mediate binding of RNA polymerase and initiation of transcription o Transcription factors + RNA polymerase = transcription initiation complex TATA box o Transcription factor binds here TATAAAA ATATTTT 2. Elongation RNA polymerase moves down DNA sequence, unwinding it 10 – 20 bases at a time ...
... o Mediate binding of RNA polymerase and initiation of transcription o Transcription factors + RNA polymerase = transcription initiation complex TATA box o Transcription factor binds here TATAAAA ATATTTT 2. Elongation RNA polymerase moves down DNA sequence, unwinding it 10 – 20 bases at a time ...
Gene regulatory network
A gene regulatory network or genetic regulatory network (GRN) is a collection of regulators thatinteract with each other and with other substances in the cell to govern the gene expression levels of mRNA and proteins.The regulator can be DNA, RNA, protein and their complex. The interaction can be direct or indirect (through their transcribed RNA or translated protein).In general, each mRNA molecule goes on to make a specific protein (or set of proteins). In some cases this protein will be structural, and will accumulate at the cell membrane or within the cell to give it particular structural properties. In other cases the protein will be an enzyme, i.e., a micro-machine that catalyses a certain reaction, such as the breakdown of a food source or toxin. Some proteins though serve only to activate other genes, and these are the transcription factors that are the main players in regulatory networks or cascades. By binding to the promoter region at the start of other genes they turn them on, initiating the production of another protein, and so on. Some transcription factors are inhibitory.In single-celled organisms, regulatory networks respond to the external environment, optimising the cell at a given time for survival in this environment. Thus a yeast cell, finding itself in a sugar solution, will turn on genes to make enzymes that process the sugar to alcohol. This process, which we associate with wine-making, is how the yeast cell makes its living, gaining energy to multiply, which under normal circumstances would enhance its survival prospects.In multicellular animals the same principle has been put in the service of gene cascades that control body-shape. Each time a cell divides, two cells result which, although they contain the same genome in full, can differ in which genes are turned on and making proteins. Sometimes a 'self-sustaining feedback loop' ensures that a cell maintains its identity and passes it on. Less understood is the mechanism of epigenetics by which chromatin modification may provide cellular memory by blocking or allowing transcription. A major feature of multicellular animals is the use of morphogen gradients, which in effect provide a positioning system that tells a cell where in the body it is, and hence what sort of cell to become. A gene that is turned on in one cell may make a product that leaves the cell and diffuses through adjacent cells, entering them and turning on genes only when it is present above a certain threshold level. These cells are thus induced into a new fate, and may even generate other morphogens that signal back to the original cell. Over longer distances morphogens may use the active process of signal transduction. Such signalling controls embryogenesis, the building of a body plan from scratch through a series of sequential steps. They also control and maintain adult bodies through feedback processes, and the loss of such feedback because of a mutation can be responsible for the cell proliferation that is seen in cancer. In parallel with this process of building structure, the gene cascade turns on genes that make structural proteins that give each cell the physical properties it needs.It has been suggested that, because biological molecular interactions are intrinsically stochastic, gene networks are the result of cellular processes and not their cause (i.e. cellular Darwinism). However, recent experimental evidence has favored the attractor view of cell fates.