Creating the Gene Ontology Resource: Design and Implementation
... relationship between a molecular function, the involvement of a series of functions in a biological process, and the unfolding of that process at a given time and space in the cell. It follows that GO could logically be expanded to reflect all cellular operations and states at a given time. However, ...
... relationship between a molecular function, the involvement of a series of functions in a biological process, and the unfolding of that process at a given time and space in the cell. It follows that GO could logically be expanded to reflect all cellular operations and states at a given time. However, ...
Cell Transport Notes
... proteins found in the membrane a.Transport Proteins are specific – they “select” only certain molecules to cross the membrane b.Transports larger or charged molecules ...
... proteins found in the membrane a.Transport Proteins are specific – they “select” only certain molecules to cross the membrane b.Transports larger or charged molecules ...
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... Detection rates are limited to the genes specified; this test does not provide whole genome analysis. Gene panels are a more cost-effective approach than single gene testing to confirm or establish a diagnosis. However, if single gene testing is desired for the patient or family members of an indivi ...
... Detection rates are limited to the genes specified; this test does not provide whole genome analysis. Gene panels are a more cost-effective approach than single gene testing to confirm or establish a diagnosis. However, if single gene testing is desired for the patient or family members of an indivi ...
Brassinosteroid and systemin: two hormones perceived by
... [8] now suggest that SR160, as well as its BRI1 homolog from L. esculentum, participate in both BR and systemin signalling. This result is particularly interesting because to date only the oxytocin/progesterone receptor of mammals has been known to interact with more than one type of hormone ligand ...
... [8] now suggest that SR160, as well as its BRI1 homolog from L. esculentum, participate in both BR and systemin signalling. This result is particularly interesting because to date only the oxytocin/progesterone receptor of mammals has been known to interact with more than one type of hormone ligand ...
Titel: Functional replacement of Gfi1 deficiency by Gfi1b obviously
... Generation of Gfi:Gfi1b and Gfi1:Gfi1P2A knock-in mice Both knock-in mice were generated by modifying the previously described Gfi1:GFP knockin construct (Yücel et al., 2004). The constructs were transfected in R1 ES cells and selection with G418 and ganciclovir was performed. Mice were held under s ...
... Generation of Gfi:Gfi1b and Gfi1:Gfi1P2A knock-in mice Both knock-in mice were generated by modifying the previously described Gfi1:GFP knockin construct (Yücel et al., 2004). The constructs were transfected in R1 ES cells and selection with G418 and ganciclovir was performed. Mice were held under s ...
Cell Cycle - University of Bath
... Cell cycle regulatory mechanisms Characterization of the biochemical and molecular components of cell cycle and growth control emerged from systematic analysis of conditional cell cycle mutants in yeast by L.H. Hartwell and co-workers. These studies were the foundation for the concept that cell cycl ...
... Cell cycle regulatory mechanisms Characterization of the biochemical and molecular components of cell cycle and growth control emerged from systematic analysis of conditional cell cycle mutants in yeast by L.H. Hartwell and co-workers. These studies were the foundation for the concept that cell cycl ...
Molecular Biology
... Each amino acid is encoded by a three letter combination of nucleotides called codons. ...
... Each amino acid is encoded by a three letter combination of nucleotides called codons. ...
DNA WebQuest - Airport High School
... Click the right hand arrow to move through the animation. Answer the following questions. 23. Where does protein synthesis begin? 24. What information do chromosomes contain? ...
... Click the right hand arrow to move through the animation. Answer the following questions. 23. Where does protein synthesis begin? 24. What information do chromosomes contain? ...
6/16 - Utexas
... Multiple steps allow for signal amplification: Calcium is a simple method of amplifying signals ...
... Multiple steps allow for signal amplification: Calcium is a simple method of amplifying signals ...
DNA WebQuest NAME___________________________ Topic
... Click the right hand arrow to move through the animation. Answer the following questions. 23. Where does protein synthesis begin? 24. What information do chromosomes contain? ...
... Click the right hand arrow to move through the animation. Answer the following questions. 23. Where does protein synthesis begin? 24. What information do chromosomes contain? ...
Integrating metabolic, transcriptional regulatory and
... ABSTRACT Motivation: The effort to build a whole-cell model requires the development of new modeling approaches, and in particular, the integration of models for different types of processes, each of which may be best described using different representation. Fluxbalance analysis (FBA) has been usef ...
... ABSTRACT Motivation: The effort to build a whole-cell model requires the development of new modeling approaches, and in particular, the integration of models for different types of processes, each of which may be best described using different representation. Fluxbalance analysis (FBA) has been usef ...
The Synthetic Machinery of the Cell
... The genetic code specifies the possible codons and the amino acids corresponding to each codon. By convention, the genetic code is interpreted with reference to the sequence of bases on m-RNA. In the genetic code there are four bases - A, U, C, G; 64 possible codons (=44); and 20 amino acids The gen ...
... The genetic code specifies the possible codons and the amino acids corresponding to each codon. By convention, the genetic code is interpreted with reference to the sequence of bases on m-RNA. In the genetic code there are four bases - A, U, C, G; 64 possible codons (=44); and 20 amino acids The gen ...
Uprooting the Tree of Life
... molecules in archaeal species corroborated the three-group arrangement. For instance, the cell membranes of all archaea are made up of unique lipids (fatty substances) that are quite distinct—in their physical properties, chemical constituents and linkages—from the lipids of bacteria. Similarly, the ...
... molecules in archaeal species corroborated the three-group arrangement. For instance, the cell membranes of all archaea are made up of unique lipids (fatty substances) that are quite distinct—in their physical properties, chemical constituents and linkages—from the lipids of bacteria. Similarly, the ...
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2006 I
... Many of the components in the process undergo no important chemical changes, we need to quite physically “see” the molecules and their positions at different stages in the process to understand how the transcription works. The gradual construction of a functional image of how transcription works ult ...
... Many of the components in the process undergo no important chemical changes, we need to quite physically “see” the molecules and their positions at different stages in the process to understand how the transcription works. The gradual construction of a functional image of how transcription works ult ...
Manipulating DNA - tools and techniques 2012
... Defined as the take up of naked DNA by cells Occurs naturally in bacteria, yeast and some plants ...
... Defined as the take up of naked DNA by cells Occurs naturally in bacteria, yeast and some plants ...
Full-Text PDF
... These factors restrict the growth and productivity of many crops. The induced expression of various stress responsive genes occurs under these conditions, contributing to minimizing the effects caused by stress. These genes can be classified into two groups: the first group includes genes related to ...
... These factors restrict the growth and productivity of many crops. The induced expression of various stress responsive genes occurs under these conditions, contributing to minimizing the effects caused by stress. These genes can be classified into two groups: the first group includes genes related to ...
5-Aminoimidazole-4-Carboxamide Riboside Mimics the
... FIG. 1. Treatment of hepatoma cells with AICAR represses PEPCK gene transcription. AICAR repression of PEPCK gene transcription is dose dependent and represses endogenous mRNA as well as stably and transiently transfected PEPCK promoter-CAT reporter expression. Cells were serum starved overnight bef ...
... FIG. 1. Treatment of hepatoma cells with AICAR represses PEPCK gene transcription. AICAR repression of PEPCK gene transcription is dose dependent and represses endogenous mRNA as well as stably and transiently transfected PEPCK promoter-CAT reporter expression. Cells were serum starved overnight bef ...
Name three amino acids that are typically found at the
... When recombinant plasmids, exemplified below, are constructed in the laboratory, most often two restriction enzymes are used to digest the plasmid before introducing the new DNA (digested with the same two restriction enzymes) into the mcs (see figure), rather than using only a single restriction en ...
... When recombinant plasmids, exemplified below, are constructed in the laboratory, most often two restriction enzymes are used to digest the plasmid before introducing the new DNA (digested with the same two restriction enzymes) into the mcs (see figure), rather than using only a single restriction en ...
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... sion in the adult stages when compared to the immature stages (p < 0.05, Fig. 3). The expression pattern among the immature stages was not significantly different. The highest expression of the septin gene fragment was detected in the 2-day old female, and this was not significantly different from t ...
... sion in the adult stages when compared to the immature stages (p < 0.05, Fig. 3). The expression pattern among the immature stages was not significantly different. The highest expression of the septin gene fragment was detected in the 2-day old female, and this was not significantly different from t ...
HA Tagged Yeast Clones and Collection - Technical
... through triple hemagglutinin epitope tag (3xHA tag), remains. The mTn technology has proven useful for large-scale functional analysis of the yeast genome. The HA tags permit a variety of functional studies including immunolocalization, immunoprecipitation and analysis of binding sites using immuno ...
... through triple hemagglutinin epitope tag (3xHA tag), remains. The mTn technology has proven useful for large-scale functional analysis of the yeast genome. The HA tags permit a variety of functional studies including immunolocalization, immunoprecipitation and analysis of binding sites using immuno ...
Document
... • A probe is a labeled (usually radioactive or fluorescent) single-stranded oligonucleotide, synthesized to be complementary to the sequence of interest – probe sequence is known • Attach single-stranded DNA to a membrane (or other solid support) and incubate with the probe so that it hybridizes • V ...
... • A probe is a labeled (usually radioactive or fluorescent) single-stranded oligonucleotide, synthesized to be complementary to the sequence of interest – probe sequence is known • Attach single-stranded DNA to a membrane (or other solid support) and incubate with the probe so that it hybridizes • V ...
Cytology Part 1 2011
... The Golgi apparatus is an organelle that functions as a central delivery system for the cell. Its primary function is to modify, store and transport proteins and lipids made elsewhere in the cell. The organelle's structure consists of a stack of flattened, membranous, disc-like structures call ...
... The Golgi apparatus is an organelle that functions as a central delivery system for the cell. Its primary function is to modify, store and transport proteins and lipids made elsewhere in the cell. The organelle's structure consists of a stack of flattened, membranous, disc-like structures call ...
9/30 - Utexas
... 2. Gene expression takes time: Typically more than an hour from DNA to protein. Most rapidly 15 minutes. Fig 15.1 ...
... 2. Gene expression takes time: Typically more than an hour from DNA to protein. Most rapidly 15 minutes. Fig 15.1 ...
biology 422 - TeacherWeb
... pyruvate (pyruvic acid) during the Krebs cycle? In what molecules is that energy contained? 27.What are the reduction forms of NAD+ and FAD? 28.What is the function of the electron transport chain in cellular respiration and state where in the eukaryotic cell it is found? ...
... pyruvate (pyruvic acid) during the Krebs cycle? In what molecules is that energy contained? 27.What are the reduction forms of NAD+ and FAD? 28.What is the function of the electron transport chain in cellular respiration and state where in the eukaryotic cell it is found? ...
report of the first meeting of the ad hoc technical expert group
... modify the expression of genes distant from the gene that was originally transcribed to create them. For example, a transcriptional factor transcribed in one chromosome may regulate the expression of a gene located in another chromosome. On the other hand, “cis-regulatory elements” are those that ar ...
... modify the expression of genes distant from the gene that was originally transcribed to create them. For example, a transcriptional factor transcribed in one chromosome may regulate the expression of a gene located in another chromosome. On the other hand, “cis-regulatory elements” are those that ar ...
Gene regulatory network
A gene regulatory network or genetic regulatory network (GRN) is a collection of regulators thatinteract with each other and with other substances in the cell to govern the gene expression levels of mRNA and proteins.The regulator can be DNA, RNA, protein and their complex. The interaction can be direct or indirect (through their transcribed RNA or translated protein).In general, each mRNA molecule goes on to make a specific protein (or set of proteins). In some cases this protein will be structural, and will accumulate at the cell membrane or within the cell to give it particular structural properties. In other cases the protein will be an enzyme, i.e., a micro-machine that catalyses a certain reaction, such as the breakdown of a food source or toxin. Some proteins though serve only to activate other genes, and these are the transcription factors that are the main players in regulatory networks or cascades. By binding to the promoter region at the start of other genes they turn them on, initiating the production of another protein, and so on. Some transcription factors are inhibitory.In single-celled organisms, regulatory networks respond to the external environment, optimising the cell at a given time for survival in this environment. Thus a yeast cell, finding itself in a sugar solution, will turn on genes to make enzymes that process the sugar to alcohol. This process, which we associate with wine-making, is how the yeast cell makes its living, gaining energy to multiply, which under normal circumstances would enhance its survival prospects.In multicellular animals the same principle has been put in the service of gene cascades that control body-shape. Each time a cell divides, two cells result which, although they contain the same genome in full, can differ in which genes are turned on and making proteins. Sometimes a 'self-sustaining feedback loop' ensures that a cell maintains its identity and passes it on. Less understood is the mechanism of epigenetics by which chromatin modification may provide cellular memory by blocking or allowing transcription. A major feature of multicellular animals is the use of morphogen gradients, which in effect provide a positioning system that tells a cell where in the body it is, and hence what sort of cell to become. A gene that is turned on in one cell may make a product that leaves the cell and diffuses through adjacent cells, entering them and turning on genes only when it is present above a certain threshold level. These cells are thus induced into a new fate, and may even generate other morphogens that signal back to the original cell. Over longer distances morphogens may use the active process of signal transduction. Such signalling controls embryogenesis, the building of a body plan from scratch through a series of sequential steps. They also control and maintain adult bodies through feedback processes, and the loss of such feedback because of a mutation can be responsible for the cell proliferation that is seen in cancer. In parallel with this process of building structure, the gene cascade turns on genes that make structural proteins that give each cell the physical properties it needs.It has been suggested that, because biological molecular interactions are intrinsically stochastic, gene networks are the result of cellular processes and not their cause (i.e. cellular Darwinism). However, recent experimental evidence has favored the attractor view of cell fates.