Positively selected sites on the surface glycoprotein (G) of infectious
... Estimates of mean posterior probability that a codon was under positive selection are represented in Table 2, Fig. 2 and Fig. 3(a–c). When all of the sequences (clade A–B and clade C–D) represented in Fig. 1 were analysed together, the amino acids with a mean probability of being under positive sele ...
... Estimates of mean posterior probability that a codon was under positive selection are represented in Table 2, Fig. 2 and Fig. 3(a–c). When all of the sequences (clade A–B and clade C–D) represented in Fig. 1 were analysed together, the amino acids with a mean probability of being under positive sele ...
Domain organization of the N-terminal portion of hordeivirus
... molecular masses. These reduced mobilities might be attributed to stretches of positively charged amino acid residues at their N terminus. In a total extract of E. coli expressing the 63K protein, one more proteolytic fragment of approximately 35 kDa was revealed by Western blotting with antibodies ...
... molecular masses. These reduced mobilities might be attributed to stretches of positively charged amino acid residues at their N terminus. In a total extract of E. coli expressing the 63K protein, one more proteolytic fragment of approximately 35 kDa was revealed by Western blotting with antibodies ...
Principles of Virology
... What is the advantage that capsid and or core proteins are noncovalently connected? Describe the two modes that enveloped virions use for entry into their host cells? How do non-enveloped viruses enter their host-cells? Simple virus capsids are found in two types of structural arrangements: helical ...
... What is the advantage that capsid and or core proteins are noncovalently connected? Describe the two modes that enveloped virions use for entry into their host cells? How do non-enveloped viruses enter their host-cells? Simple virus capsids are found in two types of structural arrangements: helical ...
Ribozymes
... Satellites: small RNA viruses or RNA molecules; their multiplication depends on the mechanisms of a host cell and on the co-infection of a host cell with a helper virus ...
... Satellites: small RNA viruses or RNA molecules; their multiplication depends on the mechanisms of a host cell and on the co-infection of a host cell with a helper virus ...
Immunodetection of PR-1-Iike proteins in grapevine leaves infected
... nicotianae. Second, the PR-1 protein may alter the extracellular environment in such a way as to inhibit pathogen infection with the cells and/or tissues . Since the PR-1 proteins have a very limited antifungal activity (V AN LooN and V AN STRlEN 1999), it must be concluded that this is not their pr ...
... nicotianae. Second, the PR-1 protein may alter the extracellular environment in such a way as to inhibit pathogen infection with the cells and/or tissues . Since the PR-1 proteins have a very limited antifungal activity (V AN LooN and V AN STRlEN 1999), it must be concluded that this is not their pr ...
Agrobacterium rhizogenes GALLS Protein and Crown Galls
... Agrobacterium rhizogenes Causes Hairy Root Disease; A. tumefaciens Causes Unorganized Tumors (Crown Galls) ...
... Agrobacterium rhizogenes Causes Hairy Root Disease; A. tumefaciens Causes Unorganized Tumors (Crown Galls) ...
Cleaning and Disinfection of Environmental Surfaces
... • non-corrosive • fire hazard • irritating to tissues • limited activity in the presence of organic matter • limited residual activity • not effective against bacterial or fungal spores • excellent for disinfection of external surfaces of some equipment such as thermometers and stethoscopes Oxidizin ...
... • non-corrosive • fire hazard • irritating to tissues • limited activity in the presence of organic matter • limited residual activity • not effective against bacterial or fungal spores • excellent for disinfection of external surfaces of some equipment such as thermometers and stethoscopes Oxidizin ...
Site-Directed Mutagenesis of the Proposed Catalytic Amino Acids
... under these conditions led to complete cleavage of the polyprotein precursor to capsid protein and p107. Similar results were found with the two mutations introduced at Asp-147, the two mutations at Asp-163, and the Arg substitution for His-141. On the other hand, the change of His-141 to Ala or Pro ...
... under these conditions led to complete cleavage of the polyprotein precursor to capsid protein and p107. Similar results were found with the two mutations introduced at Asp-147, the two mutations at Asp-163, and the Arg substitution for His-141. On the other hand, the change of His-141 to Ala or Pro ...
Possibility of Bacterial Recruitment of Plant Genes Associated with
... Although approximately 170,000 secondary metabolites are known according to the Chapman & Hall dictionary of natural products (see http://www. chemnetbase.com/scripts/dnpweb.exe), there is a clear trend as to which group of organisms produces what type of compounds. For example, alkaloids (e.g. morp ...
... Although approximately 170,000 secondary metabolites are known according to the Chapman & Hall dictionary of natural products (see http://www. chemnetbase.com/scripts/dnpweb.exe), there is a clear trend as to which group of organisms produces what type of compounds. For example, alkaloids (e.g. morp ...
Functional and Genetic Analysis Identify a Role for
... silencing is utilized by plants to counteract invading nucleic acids, including viruses, and is conserved in most eukaryotic organisms (Ding and Voinnet, 2007). RNA silencing refers collectively to diverse RNA-based processes that are triggered by the presence of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). In the ...
... silencing is utilized by plants to counteract invading nucleic acids, including viruses, and is conserved in most eukaryotic organisms (Ding and Voinnet, 2007). RNA silencing refers collectively to diverse RNA-based processes that are triggered by the presence of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). In the ...
University of Idaho
... Sulfur—Plants take up S from the soil as SO42-, (sulfate) (table 1). Because the plant-available form of S is negatively charged, it can be leached out of plant root zones with precipitation or irrigation. A typical plant contains 0.1 percent S on a dry weight basis, but this can range from 0.05 to ...
... Sulfur—Plants take up S from the soil as SO42-, (sulfate) (table 1). Because the plant-available form of S is negatively charged, it can be leached out of plant root zones with precipitation or irrigation. A typical plant contains 0.1 percent S on a dry weight basis, but this can range from 0.05 to ...
Examining the discovery of the human retrovirus
... Viruses are of two kinds: DNA and RNA. DNA viruses are those whose genetic information is encoded in DNA format, while RNA viruses are those whose genetic information is encoded in RNA format. Special RNA viruses, called Retroviruses, can convert their RNA into DNA upon infection. This DNA (the prov ...
... Viruses are of two kinds: DNA and RNA. DNA viruses are those whose genetic information is encoded in DNA format, while RNA viruses are those whose genetic information is encoded in RNA format. Special RNA viruses, called Retroviruses, can convert their RNA into DNA upon infection. This DNA (the prov ...
The origins and evolution of HIV
... surrounds the conical core or capsid (yellow) made from p 24 protein. The core contains two identical single strands of RNA (ribonucleic acid). HIV has nine genes, compared to about 25 000 genes in its human host. These include sequences encoding three enzymes required for HIV replication: reverse t ...
... surrounds the conical core or capsid (yellow) made from p 24 protein. The core contains two identical single strands of RNA (ribonucleic acid). HIV has nine genes, compared to about 25 000 genes in its human host. These include sequences encoding three enzymes required for HIV replication: reverse t ...
Mirobiology 14-15
... The rules (procedures) of collection the material for microbiological examination (bacteriological, virological, mycological): the period of collection, types of materials, methods of collection, storage and transportation, request form to microbiological laboratory; pre-analytical and analytical er ...
... The rules (procedures) of collection the material for microbiological examination (bacteriological, virological, mycological): the period of collection, types of materials, methods of collection, storage and transportation, request form to microbiological laboratory; pre-analytical and analytical er ...
Rice viruses transmitted by the brown planthopper Nilaparvata
... of the family Reoviridae. In South Vietnam, the two viruses infect the rice plant together and cause the rice yellowing syndrome. Virus diseases of rice spread by insect vectors have been considered to be of minor importance worldwide, being estimated to cause average actual crop losses of less than ...
... of the family Reoviridae. In South Vietnam, the two viruses infect the rice plant together and cause the rice yellowing syndrome. Virus diseases of rice spread by insect vectors have been considered to be of minor importance worldwide, being estimated to cause average actual crop losses of less than ...
Brenner's Encyclopedia of Genetics
... correlations were observed between the ability of fluorescent pseudomonads to produce hydrogen cyanide and to suppress infection of pea seeds by Pythium ultimum. Biocontrol strains of Burkholderia spp. degrade fusaric acid, a pathogenicity factor of Fusarium oxysporum, resulting in plant protection. ...
... correlations were observed between the ability of fluorescent pseudomonads to produce hydrogen cyanide and to suppress infection of pea seeds by Pythium ultimum. Biocontrol strains of Burkholderia spp. degrade fusaric acid, a pathogenicity factor of Fusarium oxysporum, resulting in plant protection. ...
Molecular characterization of two Bangladeshi infectious bursal
... Two Bangladeshi infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) isolates collected in 2007, termed GB1 and GB3, were subjected to comparative sequencing and phylogenetic analyses. Sequence analysis of a 474-bp hypervariable region in the VP2 ...
... Two Bangladeshi infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) isolates collected in 2007, termed GB1 and GB3, were subjected to comparative sequencing and phylogenetic analyses. Sequence analysis of a 474-bp hypervariable region in the VP2 ...
Chapter 4
... under the skin as red blue painless nodule. * many nodules may appear on the indurated swelling forming a sinus tract oozing yellow pus containing the characteristic sulphur granules containing colonies of the organism . * Regional lymph node is involved. ...
... under the skin as red blue painless nodule. * many nodules may appear on the indurated swelling forming a sinus tract oozing yellow pus containing the characteristic sulphur granules containing colonies of the organism . * Regional lymph node is involved. ...
The Genetics of Viruses and Prokaryotes
... Animal viruses are very diverse. Some are just particles consisting of proteins surrounding a nucleic acid. Others have a membrane derived from the host cell’s plasma membrane and are called enveloped viruses. Some animal viruses have DNA as their genetic material; others have RNA. In most cases, th ...
... Animal viruses are very diverse. Some are just particles consisting of proteins surrounding a nucleic acid. Others have a membrane derived from the host cell’s plasma membrane and are called enveloped viruses. Some animal viruses have DNA as their genetic material; others have RNA. In most cases, th ...
Bacteria-eating viruses
... Gp2 and use these as the basis for new drugs to combat bacterial infections. Different bacterial infections will require different treatment solutions, but it is hopeful that both whole phage particles and their products can be developed as important alternative treatments for human infection. ...
... Gp2 and use these as the basis for new drugs to combat bacterial infections. Different bacterial infections will require different treatment solutions, but it is hopeful that both whole phage particles and their products can be developed as important alternative treatments for human infection. ...
Cultivation of the viruses
... tonsillitis, acute catarrhs of the respiratory tract, tuberculosis, smallpox, pneumatic plague, and other diseases can be transmitted through the air together with droplets of mucus and sputum during sneezing, coughing, and talking. The air is an unfavourable medium for microbes. The absence of nutr ...
... tonsillitis, acute catarrhs of the respiratory tract, tuberculosis, smallpox, pneumatic plague, and other diseases can be transmitted through the air together with droplets of mucus and sputum during sneezing, coughing, and talking. The air is an unfavourable medium for microbes. The absence of nutr ...
M.Sc. (Microbiology) - Distance Learning Programs
... General methods of diagnostic and serology: cultivation of viruses in embryonated eggs, experimental animals, and cell cultures; primary and secondary cell cultures; suspension cell culture and monolayer cell cultures; cell strains, cell lines. Assay of viruses- physical and chemical methods (protei ...
... General methods of diagnostic and serology: cultivation of viruses in embryonated eggs, experimental animals, and cell cultures; primary and secondary cell cultures; suspension cell culture and monolayer cell cultures; cell strains, cell lines. Assay of viruses- physical and chemical methods (protei ...
Mechanisms of Multi-strain Coexistence in Host
... experimental evolution studies in which the hosts and phages do not coexist at the same time point, but rather the nested relationship is only observed when performing cross-infection experiments between time points (e.g. [11]). However, some networks are derived from ecological studies where sample ...
... experimental evolution studies in which the hosts and phages do not coexist at the same time point, but rather the nested relationship is only observed when performing cross-infection experiments between time points (e.g. [11]). However, some networks are derived from ecological studies where sample ...
Plant virus
Plant viruses are viruses that affect plants. Like all other viruses, plant viruses are obligate intracellular parasites that do not have the molecular machinery to replicate without a host. Plant viruses are pathogenic to higher plants. While this article does not intend to list all plant viruses, it discusses some important viruses as well as their uses in plant molecular biology.